Question 1

- Not enough food to meet basic energy needs

Accepted Answer

Chronic undernutrition

Question 2

- Not enough protein or other key nutrients

Accepted Answer

Chronic malnutrition

Question 3

- Severe shortage of food

Accepted Answer

Famine

Question 4

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Accepted Answer

- Crop failures due to drought, flooding, or war

Question 5

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Accepted Answer

- Can cause mass starvation, many deaths, economic chaos, and social disruption

Question 6

Excess body fat from too many calories and too little exercise

Accepted Answer

Overnutrition

Question 7

- Lower life expectancy

Accepted Answer

Similar health problems to those who are underfed

Question 8

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Accepted Answer

- Greater susceptibility to disease and illness

Question 9

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Accepted Answer

- Lower productivity and life quality

Question 10

Primarily rice, wheat, and corn

Accepted Answer

Croplands produce grains

Question 11

Meat and meat products

Accepted Answer

Rangelands, pastures, and feedlots

Question 12

Irrigation, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides

Accepted Answer

Important technological advances

Question 13

- Heavy equipment

Accepted Answer

Industrialized agriculture

Question 14

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Accepted Answer

- Large amounts of financial capital, fossil fuels, water, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides

Question 15

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Accepted Answer

- Single crop

Question 16

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Accepted Answer

- Major goal: steadily increase crop yield

Question 17

Human labor and draft animals for family food

Accepted Answer

Traditional subsistence agriculture

Question 18

Higher yields through increased labor, animal manure, and water

Accepted Answer

Traditional intensive agriculture

Question 19

- Crops grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Accepted Answer

Organic Agriculture

Question 20

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Accepted Answer

- No genetically engineered seed varieties

Question 21

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Accepted Answer

- Animals must be raised with 100% organic feed without antibiotics or growth hormones

Question 22

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Accepted Answer

- More labor-intensive than conventionally produced food

Question 23

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Accepted Answer

- Costs more

Question 24

- Alter organism's DNA

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering-second gene revolution

Question 25

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Accepted Answer

- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)-transgenic organisms

Question 26

- Meat production increased more than sixfold between 1950 and 2010

Accepted Answer

Meat Consumption Has Grown Steadily

Question 27

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Accepted Answer

- Increased demand for grain

Question 28

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Accepted Answer

- Greater reliance on grain imports - China

Question 29

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Accepted Answer

- About half of the world's meat raised on rangeland, half in factory farm system

Question 30

- Concentration of a particular species suitable for commercial harvesting

Accepted Answer

Fishery

Question 31

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Accepted Answer

- 30% are overfished

Question 32

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Accepted Answer

- 57% harvested at full capacity

Question 33

- Fish farming

Accepted Answer

Aquaculture

Question 34

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Accepted Answer

- Amount of fish and shellfish produced globally through aquaculture increased 12-fold from 1980 to 2014

Question 35

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Accepted Answer

- Wild catch leveled off and declined

Question 36

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Accepted Answer

- Farming of meat-eating species growing rapidly

Question 37

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Accepted Answer

- Fed fish meal or fish oil produced from other fish

Question 38

- Mostly nonrenewable energy

Accepted Answer

Industrialized Food Production Requires Huge Inputs of Energy

Question 39

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Accepted Answer

- Oil and natural gas

Question 40

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Accepted Answer

- 10 units of fossil fuel energy used for every unit of food energy in the U.S.

Question 41

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Accepted Answer

- Amount of energy per calorie used in the U.S. has declined 50% since the 1970s

Question 42

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Accepted Answer

- Less energy to produce nitrogen fertilizer

Question 43

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Accepted Answer

- Rising use of conservation tillage

Question 44

- Soil erosion and degradation

Accepted Answer

Factors that may limit future food production

Question 45

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Accepted Answer

- Desertification

Question 46

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Accepted Answer

- Irrigation water shortages

Question 47

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Accepted Answer

- Air and water pollution

Question 48

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Accepted Answer

- Climate change

Question 49

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Accepted Answer

- Loss of biodiversity

Question 50

- Uses about 70% of freshwater removed from aquifers and surface waters worldwide

Accepted Answer

Industrialized agriculture has harmful environmental impacts

Question 51

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Accepted Answer

- Emits 25% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions

Question 52

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Accepted Answer

- Produces 60% of all water pollution

Question 53

- Movement of soil by wind and water

Accepted Answer

Soil erosion

Question 54

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Accepted Answer

- Natural causes

Question 55

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Accepted Answer

- Human causes

Question 56

- Loss of soil fertility

Accepted Answer

Three major harmful effects of soil erosion

Question 57

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Accepted Answer

- Water pollution

Question 58

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Accepted Answer

- Release of carbon stored in the soil as CO2

Question 59

- Productive potential of topsoil falls by 10% or more

Accepted Answer

Desertification

Question 60

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Accepted Answer

- Caused by prolonged drought and human activities

Question 61

- Severe wind erosion of topsoil

Accepted Answer

Dust bowl

Question 62

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Accepted Answer

- Human agriculture accelerates desertification

Question 63

- Gradual accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water

Accepted Answer

Soil salinization

Question 64

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Accepted Answer

- Lowers crop yields and eventually kills plants

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