The scientific study of mental processes and behavior

A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

An early approach to psychology that tried to identify the basic parts, or structure, of the conscious mind

An early approach to psychology that tried to discover how the conscious mind functions to help humans survive in their environment

An early approach to psychology that studied how the mind actively organizes stimuli into meaningful wholes

An approach to psychology that studies how human behavior is determined by hidden or unconscious motives and desires ; Freudian therapy, as originally practiced by Sigmund Freud

An approach to psychology that studies observable behavior rather than hidden mental processes

An approach to psychology that emphasizes human beings' inborn desire for personal growth and their ability to consciously make choices

A relatively new approach to psychology that studies how people find mental health and happiness in their everyday living

An approach to psychology that studies how the mind organizes and makes sense of information and experiences ; studies all aspects of thinking, including problem solving, decision making, memory, reasoning, and language

An approach to psychology that studies how the brain and other areas of our biology influence behavior

An approach to psychology that studies how social surroundings and culture shape thinking and behavior

A philosophy of life stressing that the individual is more important than the group

A philosophy of life stressing that the group is more important than the individual

Studies behavior by examining biological processes, especially those occurring in the brain

Studies how people mature and change physically, cognitively, and socially throughout the life span

Studies basic psychological processes such as sensation, perception, learning, motivation, emotion, and states of consciousness

Studies how people are influenced by relatively stable internal traits

Studies how people are influenced by others

Diagnoses and treats people with psychological disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia.

Diagnoses and treats people with personal problems that do not involve psychological disorders, including marriage counseling, social skills training, and career planning.

Focuses on ways to select, motivate, and evaluate employees, as well as improving the management structure and working conditions.

Assesses and treats both students and the educational environment in order to help students learn and adjust in school.

german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879

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Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.

behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation

founder of Gestalt psychology

student under William James who should have earned her Ph.D. from Harvard; Harvard denied her the degree she had earned, offering her a degree from Radcliffe College, which she refused the degree; she became a memory researcher and the American Psychological Association's (APA's) first female president in 1905

worked to show the negative effects of school segregation on African American children