______  is/are a system that relates sounds (or gestures) to meaning.

The term phonology refers to

The term semantics refers to

Fartun is fascinated with learning the meanings of words. Fartun has a keen interest in

The rules used to specify how words are combined to form sentences are referred to as

The basic building blocks of language that are used to form words are called _____.

Six-month-old Seiko is growing up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Is she likely to be able to discriminate speech sounds that are used in English but are not used in Japanese?

Seven-month-old Julius hears this conversation:

John: I want to go swimming.

John's dad: Do you want to swim in the pool? John: No, I want to swim in the lake.

If Julius then hears the words "run" and "swim," what would you expect him to do?

When using ______ ,  adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness.

A cochlear implant is a device that picks up on speech sounds and

Vowel-like utterances such as "oooooooo" and "ahhhhhhh" are referred to as

Jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds. Which of the following should she expect him to produce first?

Babbling refers to

Intonation refers to

Celia has noticed that her seven-month-old daughter has recently begun to raise and lower the pitch of her voice when she babbles so she sometimes sounds as if she is asking questions. Celia's daughter has added _____   to her babbling.

Defining a word too narrowly is known as:

Hannah uses the word cat to refer only to her cat, not to other cats. Hannah's mistake is an example of _____.

When children make the mistake of defining a word too broadly, it is referred to as _____.

When Utsav is riding in the car with his mother, he will point at buses, vans, bikes, and trucks and say "car." This is an example of  _____.

Which of the following is the best example of overextension?

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) _____ style of learning language.

You are on a committee formed to make a recommendation to a school system about how to best help non - English-speaking children master both academic content and English. Based on research in this area, what language would you recommend be used for instruction?

Which of the following is an example of overregularization?

Which child showed overregularization?

Noel believes that children master grammar in the context of interactions with adults in which both parties want improved communication. Noel's beliefs fit best with the ____.

Two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a black oil streak on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him into the bathroom to clean up. Based on what you know about self-awareness in two-year-olds, what would you expect Chris to do when he looks in the mirror?

If you ask Eva, a preschooler, to describe herself she is most likely to say

Rina's self-concept includes mention of emotions, social groups to which she belongs, and comparisons of herself to others. How old is Rina?

Chan's self-concept includes statements about his attitudes, personality traits, religious beliefs, and occupational goals. How old is Chan?

Veronica describes herself as an "ambitious, fun-loving Catholic who is going to be a nurse someday." Veronica is probably

As children grow from preschoolers to adolescents, their self-concepts become

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

Fifteen-year-old Angela's belief that she is, in effect, an actor whose performance is watched constantly by her peers is a phenomenon referred to as

Teenagers' tendency to believe that their experiences and feelings are unique, and that no one has ever felt or thought as they do is known as

Michael, 15, was just broken up with by his girlfriend, Lisa. Michael's dad told him that he knows how he feels but that in time he will feel better. Michael is convinced that his dad does not know how it feels to be broken up with by a girlfriend and that his dad does not know what he is talking about. Which of the following terms best describes Michael's beliefs?

Adolescents tend to believe that misfortune only happens to others, a belief that is referred to as

Sixteen-year-old Edward is sexually active but doesn't practice safe sex. He thinks becoming infected with HIV is something that would happen to other people, but not to him. Which of the following concepts best explains Edward's belief?

As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity

Anne participates in a study in which she is asked how much statements such as "I'm very good at schoolwork" and "I find it very easy to make friends" apply to her. The study involves measuring

Although 15-year-old Vince hasn't thought about it much, he has decided to become a priest when he grows up because that's what his mother wants. Marcia would describe Vince as being in the _____ phase of achieving identity.

In Marcia's theory, describes individuals who are still examining different alternative identities.

On Laurel's 16th birthday, her parents gave her a new car and a Conservative Party bumper sticker. Laurel was happy to accept the car but didn't want to display the bumper sticker. She had begun to read and think about different political parties and, although she hadn't yet decided which political party she supported, she didn't want to be a Conservative just because her parents were. In terms of her political beliefs, Laurel appears to be in Marcia's ______ identity status.

When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, children are more likely to remain in Marcia's status.

The process of integrating into and adopting the customs of a different culture is called

Courtney loves the way she looks, especially her long, thick hair and big, dark brown eyes. Courtney's self- worth is high in the domain of

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them. Mason doesn't enjoy any sports, mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them. Hunter's and Mason's perceived competencies are different in the domain of

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Three-year-old Caitlin knows that she and other people can have different thoughts and feelings, but she often confuses the two. Caitlin appears to be in Selman's _____ stage of perspective-taking.

Children of parents who encourage discussion and recognize their children's autonomy are more likely to have children who reach achievement status.

Parents, peers, the broader social context, and personality factors all contribute to an adolescent's achieve identity

Acculturation is the process of integrating into and adopting the customs of a different culture.

The healthiest model of society is when society allows for both acculturation and maintenance of ethnic identity.

High self-esteem in children is related to parents who set rules and are willing to discuss rules and discipline with their children.

Praising a child by saying "You must have worked hard at these problems" leads to better outcomes than saying "You must be smart at these problems".

 Narcissistic children are less prone to aggression.

Cooing involves combining vowel and consonant sounds.

Emerson sees a bear at the zoo and calls him "doggy". This is an example of underextension.

Calling all four-legged animals doggie is an example of underextension.

"Two mans" is an example of overregularization.

The sounds of a language are referred to as……

 Syntax refers to…

Which of the following is an example of a phoneme?

One way that young infants seem to identify words is by

Who is most likely to reach achievement status?

  The production of two-word speech____

 Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

Adolescents' self-concepts include religious and political beliefs.

Regina's self-concept is future-oriented. Knowing this, we can guess that Regina is likely in elementary school

Adolescents' belief that their experiences and feelings are unique is called the illusion of vulnerability.

Adolescents are more likely to achieve an ethnic identity when their parents encourage them to explore alternatives rather than pressuring them to adopt a particular identity.

Cooing involves combining vowel and consonant sounds.