In the nineteenth century, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony------- for women's right to vote in the United States.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

While conducting an interview for her book Latina Authors and Their Muses, editor Mayra Calvani asked Sarah Cortez, author of the memoir Walking Home, what ----- Cortez's response was Bury Me Deep by Megan Abbott.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Choreographers George Balanchine and Martha Graham both contributed sections to the dance piece Episodes, which premiered at New York's City Center of Music and Drama in 1959. This cross-genre collaboration brought together the distinct features of Balanchine's neoclassical ballet and Graham's modern-------the stylistic diversity and creative innovation within the dance world.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the book A Theory of Harmony (1985), Swiss musicologist Ernst Levy argued that every chord has an opposite that can be substituted for it. For example, a pianist could replace the vi chord while------- chord is a given chord's opposite can be determined using a music visualization tool called the circle of fifths.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In her Silueta sculpture series, the Cuban American artist Ana------- to access what she called an "omnipresent female force," utilized a variety of natural materials to create outlines— or silhouettes—of her own body.

[20] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

As volcanologists like Tamsin Mather are apt to make clear, not all volcanoes are the same. Tendürek in Turkey, for example, is a shield volcano, a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground. Opala in Russia,---------is a caldera, a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption.

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The United Nations' Trade and Development organization divides exports into five key categories: food items, agricultural materials, fuels, ores and raw metals, and manufactured goods (i.e., most nonfood goods made by machinery or by hand). In 2022, the majority (62 percent) of Belgium's exports were manufactured goods. ---------vaccines, medicines, and cars were its top exports.

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A research team led by Gal Badihi has discovered that chimpanzees communicate through exchanges of gestures occurring at a pace similar to that of human conversations. -------- Chimpanzee gesture exchanges have short pauses of about 120 milliseconds between communications, comparable to the 200-millisecond average pause between turns in human speech.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Great Salt Lake in Utah is one of the world's saltiest bodies of water.

• The northern portion of the lake has a higher concentration of salt than the southern portion. • Crustaceans called Artemia franciscana live in the southern portion.

• Bacteria called Nodularia live in the southern portion.

[24] The student wants to emphasize a difference between Artemia franciscana and Nodularia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Extravehicular activities (EVAs) are activities performed outside a spacecraft by astronauts in outer space.

• EVAs are also known as spacewalks.

• Richard Mastracchio is a former US astronaut who has performed 9 spacewalks.

• The total time of Mastracchio's spacewalks was 53 hours and 4 minutes.

• Garrett Reisman is a former US astronaut who has performed 3 spacewalks.

• The total time of Reisman's spacewalks was 21 hours and 21 minutes.

[25] The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the astronauts Mastracchio and Reisman. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a protected natural area in California. • It encompasses 1,023 acres.

• The Tijuana Slough NWR was established to safeguard the habitat of the light-footed clapper rail, an endangered species.

• The Tijuana Slough NWR is managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.

• The US Fish & Wildlife Service limits human activities in the area.

[26] The student wants to emphasize the role the US Fish & Wildlife Service plays in safeguarding the habitat of the light-footed clapper rail. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The cuneiform script is the earliest known set of symbols used for writing.

• Sumerian was one of the first languages to be written using the cuneiform script.

• Sumerian was a language in ancient Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).

• Clay tablets with Sumerian writing have been found there.

• Some of these tablets are almost 5,000 years old.

[27] The student wants to identify a language that was written using the cuneiform script. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The following text is from Mark Twain's 1876 novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Tom, a child, has been told by his aunt to paint their house's fence. Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed the fence, and all gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high.

[1] As used in the text, what does the word "surveyed" most nearly mean?

The influence of William Shakespeare's writings is clear in a vast range of subsequent literary works and is similarly ------- in many works in other media, from fine art (such as Edward Alcock's painting Portia and Shylock) to popular music (such as the musician Elvis Costello's song "Miss Macbeth").

[2] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Apollo Moon landings (1969-1972) brought atmospheric sensors and soil sensors to the Moon and produced large amounts of data, much of which was stored on technologies that are now obsolete. A datatransfer project is working to-------these data so that the information is available to researcher Noah Petro, who is investigating the geology of the Moon.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from the 1895 poem Ojisth by Emily Pauline Johnson, a

Kanienkahagen (Mohawk) writer also known as Tekahionwake.

I am Ojistoh, I am she, the wife Of him whose name breathes bravery and life And courage to the tribe who calls him chief. I am Ojistoh, his white star, and he Is land, and lake, and skyand soul to me.

[4] As used in the text, what does the word "breathes" most nearly mean?

Mastering 'ajami, a Syrian art of creating intricately painted wood panels, demands a skill set that----- innate talent: crafting the panels requires not just the ability to draw but also an understanding of traditional techniques, materials, and design elements, necessitating expertise gained through dedicated guidance from experienced artisans.

[5] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In factories, humans and robots often work together. A research team ran an experiment to find out how working with robots affects relationships between human coworkers. The experiment included teams working together to make electric motor parts. One type of team included only humans and the other type included both humans and robots. Participants were paid for their work and were asked about their willingness to share their earnings with their human teammates. Participants from teams with robots were more likely to share with each other than participants from teams with only humans were.

[6] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Steve Carter's award-winning play Eden was produced in 1976 by the groundbreaking Negro Ensemble Company (NEC). NEC cofounder Douglas Turner Ward, who worked as an actor, director, and playwright, had met actor and producer Robert Hooks while they were performing in a 1960 touring production of Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun. Together, they envisioned a theater company that would nurture and showcase the work of Black theater professionals. Since NEC's founding in 1967, its workshops and performances have given Black playwrights, including Carter, a forum for their compelling stories.

[7] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Despite potential independent confirmation, the apparent detection in 2020 of phosphine (PH3) — a gas that on Earth almost exclusively derives from biological sources— in Venus's cloud deck remains controversial, in part because Venus is thought to be uninhabitable. To evaluate such a finding's plausibility, William Bains et al. modeled multiple abiotic PH pathways, including geochemical, atmospheric, and photochemical reactions, but none adequately explain the observed levels of PH. If Venusian PH does exist, it would indicate insufficiencies in the current consensus on Venus's chemistry.

[8] Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Given the immense scope of space, the search for extraterrestrial life is almost necessarily concentrated on the exoplanets deemed to have the most plausible chance of success —typically, atmosphere-bearing terrestrial planets orbiting within a certain range of their stars (termed the habitable zone). Claiming that Earth experienced a long transition from single-lid to plate tectonics that accelerated the emergence and evolution of complex organisms, researchers Robert J. Stern and Taras V. Gerya hold that consideration of tectonics, an often overlooked factor, could help further narrow the search for advanced extraterrestrial species.

[9] Based on the text, what do Stern and Gerya most likely believe about the development of complex life on exoplanets?

In what is now Washington state, the Tulalip Tribes operate the Hibulb Cultural Center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Tulalip history and culture to the tribes' citizens. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, a tribe in North Dakota, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-indigenous audiences and rely on Euro-centric strategies for designing exhibits.

[10] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum. In the novel, Dorothy, who is from Kansas, finds herself in an unfamiliar place called Oz. Kansas is presented as being less appealing than Oz, as is clear when -------------------

[11] Which quotation from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz most effectively illustrates the claim?

The Man-Made World: Or, Our Androcentric Culture is a 1911 nonfiction work by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the text, the author emphasizes the importance of cultivating individuals rather than comparing them: ---------

[14] Which quotation from The Man-Made World: Or, Our Androcentric Culture most effectively illustrates the claim?

Zooarchaeologist Ophélie Lebrasseur and her team examined a fox skeleton discovered in 1991 at an archaeological site alongside artifacts of human habitation (like spear points) in central Argentina. Lebrasseur et al. determined that the fox was Dusicyon avus, an extinct species resembling a jackal, and radiocarbon dating placed the fox at the site at the same time as human inhabitants. (Indeed, the inhabitants may have deliberately buried the fox.) In addition, while wild foxes have a diet entirely made of meat, isotopic signatures of the skeleton's teeth indicated that the fox's diet, like that of the humans, was partly composed of plant material. Lebrasseur et al. therefore concluded that-------------

[15] Which choice most logically completes the text?