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Quiz by JENNIFER ASARIA

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3 questions
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  • Q1

    FEEL GOOD IN YOUR RUNNERS

    For 14 years the Sports Medicine Centre of Lyon (France) has been studying the injuries of young sports players and sports professionals. The study has established that the best course is prevention … and good shoes.

    Knocks, falls, wear and tear...Eighteen per cent of sports players aged 8 to12 already have heel injuries. The cartilage of a footballer's ankle does not respond well to shocks, and 25% of professionals have discovered for themselves that it is an especially weak point. The cartilage of the delicate knee joint can also be irreparably damaged and if care is not taken right from childhood (10–12 years of age), this can cause premature osteoarthritis. The hip does not escape damage either and, particularly when tired, players run the risk of fractures as a result of falls or collisions. According to the study, footballers who have been playing for more than ten years have bony outgrowths either on the tibia or on the heel. This is what is known as ‘footballer’s foot’,  a deformity caused by shoes with soles and ankle parts that are too flexible. Protect, support,  stabilize, absorb. If a shoe is too rigid, it restricts movement. If itis too flexible, it increases the risk of injuries and sprains. A good sports shoe should meet four criteria: Firstly, it must provide exterior protection: resisting knocks from the ball or another player, coping with unevenness in the ground, and keeping the foot warm and dry even when it is freezing cold and raining. It must support the foot, and in particular the ankle joint, to avoid sprains, swelling and other problems, which may even affect the knee. It must also provide players with good stability so that they do not slip on a wet ground or skid on a surface that is too dry. Finally, it must absorb shocks, especially those suffered by volleyball and basketball players who are constantly jumping. Dry feet to avoid minor but painful conditions such as blisters or even splits or athlete’s foot(fungal infections), the shoe must allow evaporation of perspiration and must prevent outside dampness from getting in. The ideal material for this is leather, which can be water-proofed to prevent the shoe from getting soaked the first time it rains.

    Question 1:

    What does the author intend to show in this text?

    That it is best not to play football if you are under 12 years of age.

    That the quality of many sports shoes has greatly improved.

    That it is very important for young sports players to wear good sports shoes.

    That young people are suffering more and more injuries due to their poor physical condition.

    30s
  • Q2

    Question 2:

    Look at this sentence from near the end of the article. It is presented here in two parts: “To avoid minor but painful conditions such as blisters or even splits or athlete’s foot (fungal infections),…”

    “…the shoe must allow evaporation of perspiration and must prevent outside dampness from getting in.”

    What is the relationship between the first and second parts of the sentence?

    The second part

    repeats the first part.

    illustrates the problem described in the first part.

    contradicts the first part.

    gives the solution to the problem described in the first part.

    30s
  • Q3

    CATCHING THE KILLER

    Read the following newspaper article, and answer the questions that follow.

                                                                     

                                                                        DNA TO FIND KILLER

    Smithville, yesterday: A man died from multiple stab wounds in Smithville yesterday. Police say that there were signs of a struggle and that some of the blood found at the scene of the crime did not match the victim's blood. They suspect that this blood came from the killer. To help find the killer, police scientists have prepared a DNA profile from the blood sample. When compared to DNA profiles of convicted criminals, kept on a computer database, no match was found. Photo of typical DNA profiles from two people. The bars are different fragments of each person's DNA. Each person has a different pattern of bars. Like fingerprints, these patterns can identify a person. Police are now asking all citizens of Smithville to come forward to have their DNA analyzed. Sergeant Brown of the Smithville police said, "We just need to take a harmless scraping from the inside of the cheek. From this scientists can extract DNA and form a DNA profile like the one pictured. "Except for identical twins, there is only a 1 in 100million chance that two people will have the same DNA profile.

    Question 3: CATCHING THE KILLER

    Which one of the following questions cannot be answered by scientific evidence?

    Do all identical twins have exactly the same DNA profile?

    Is taking cheek scrapings a safe way to collect DNA samples?

    What was the medical or physiological cause of the victim’s death?

    Why was the victim stabbed many times?

    30s

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