READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

History is a means of understanding the complexities of human experiences and societies across time.

History is a tool for glorifying past achievements and downplaying failures.

History is a mechanism for perpetuating nationalistic sentiments and cultural predispositions.

History is a method for predicting future events based on past occurrences.

History fosters empathy and cultural understanding, essential for navigating an increasingly interconnected global community.

History is a stagnant discipline, devoid of practical applications in the fast-paced world of innovation and entrepreneurship.

History glorifies the achievements of privileged elites, perpetuating inequality and social injustice.

History is a subjective discipline, open to interpretation, and control, making it more inclusive and aiming the objectives of citizenship education.

Archaeology is the exploration of ancient burial sites and religious rituals to uncover spiritual beliefs and practices.

Archaeology is the systematic investigation of past human behavior and cultural patterns through the analysis of material remains.

Archaeology is the examination of ancient artifacts and monuments to understand their artistic and aesthetic qualities.

Archaeology is the study of past human societies and cultures through the analysis of linguistic and ethnographic data.

Geography is an outdated subject, overshadowed by advancements in computer science and data analysis.

Geography is a social science discipline, confined to memorizing maps and geographic features, with practical applications in the digital age.

Geography provides context for understanding the interconnectedness of human societies and the environment, informing decision-making processes in areas such as urban planning and environmental conservation.

Geography perpetuates stereotypes and biases, reinforcing colonial narratives and cultural hegemony.

Distance

Location

Movement

Interaction

Primary sources contribute to a deeper understanding of cultural contexts and societal dynamics, allowing historians to reconstruct past narratives with greater accuracy.

Primary sources are essential for challenging dominant narratives and uncovering marginalized voices, enriching the diversity of historical perspectives.

Primary sources offer first-hand perspectives and experiences, providing valuable insights into historical events from those who lived through them.

Primary sources are unreliable and biased, as they often reflect the perspectives of those in positions of power and privilege, leading to distorted interpretations of history.

A  history textbook written by a renowned historian in the 21st century.

An interview transcript with a survivor of the Japanese occupation during World War

A documentary film depicting the events of the Philippine Revolution.

A scholarly article analyzing historical documents from the American colonial period.

A newspaper article reporting on the declaration of Philippine independence.

A biography of a Filipino hero written by a contemporary historian.

A research paper analyzing archaeological findings from ancient Filipino civilizations.

A memoir written by a Filipino politician reflecting on the events leading to martial law

Secondary sources provide critical analysis and interpretation of primary sources, helping historians contextualize historical events and perspectives

Secondary sources offer immediate accounts and eyewitness testimonies, providing invaluable insights into the lived experiences of historical figures and events.

Secondary sources offer diverse scholarly perspectives and historiographical debates, enriching the understanding of complex historical narratives.

Secondary sources serve as valuable resources for students and researchers, guiding further exploration and inquiry into specific topics in Philippine history.

A scholarly journal article analyzing the economic impact of Spanish colonization on the Philippines.

A collection of letters written by Filipino revolutionaries during the Philippine Revolution.

An oral history interview with a survivor of the Battle of Manila in World War II.

A diary kept by a Spanish colonizer documenting daily life in the Philippines during the colonial period.

A video featuring interviews with Filipino veterans of the Korean War.

A collection of folktales and legends passed down through generations in the Philippines.

A biography of a Filipino national hero written by a contemporary historian.

An exhibit featuring artifacts from pre-colonial Filipino civilizations in a museum.

Post colonial

 Colonial 

Pre-colonial 

21st Century Colonialism

March 30, 1521

March 15, 1521 

March 16, 1521

March 31, 1521

Pedro de Valderrama

Antonio Pigafetta

Sebastian El Cano

Jose Burgos

I, I, Ill

I only 

 I, III, IV

I and II