The communication process refers to steps used in order to respond in return successfully. Firstly, it entails several components such as the sender of the message, also called the encoder of the actual message. Secondly, the receiver of the message is also called the decoder. Next, the message may include verbal content, such as written or spoken words, sign language, email, text messages, phone calls, snail-mail, and even skywriting, John O. Burtis and Paul D. Turman note in their book "Leadership Communication as Citizenship," adding: Intentionally or not, both verbal and nonverbal content is part of the information that is transferred in a message. If nonverbal cues do not align with the verbal message, ambiguity is introduced even as uncertainty is increased. A message will also include nonverbal content, such as meaningful behavior beyond words. This includes body movement and gestures, eye contact, artifacts, and clothing, as well as vocal variety, touch, and timing. Also, part of the process is the channel used and considered. This refers to the way a message is conveyed. Lastly, feedback refers to the response or reaction of the receiver to the sender’s message. Feedback is the essence of communication. This feedback may be an oral or written message, action, or simply silence. Senior High School learners who have so many struggles with their communication skills in the English language may find it difficult to function effectively and proficiency may be learned and applied technically and conversationally if practiced the way it should be not just in the four corners of their classrooms but even outside environment.

1. Why is learning Oral Communication important?

4. This refers to the written context of the speech.

5. Teacher A was discussing tips on how to write a speech. The learner raised her hand for a question. Which part of the process of communication is that?

6. The guidance counselor gave a talk on how to deal with stress. What is his role in the communication process?

7. This model of communication has occurred when a message has been sent and received.

8. This is the major difference between models of communication and the interactive transactional model of communication.

9. It is known as the mother of all communication models.

10. Which of the following elements is missing in the transmission model?

11. Suppose you are speaking with spasmodic repetition of syllables which includes the blocking and prolongation of sounds. In that case, you have the speech defect called _____________.

12. Daniel Padilla is a transferee from China. He introduced himself to his Senior High classmates, but they can’t understand his language. What type of barrier is this

13. Ma’am Lyn Dado is discussing the lesson in a virtual class, but Kathryn couldn’t understand it due to the loud noise outside. What type of communication barrier is this?

Read the transcript below. (14-15)

14. What type of oral activity is being carried out?

Eliza: Good morning, ENMAR Industries, Eliza speaking. How may I help you?

Mr. Ramos: Good day to you too, I am calling to speak with Mr. Enrique Martin.

Eliza: I am sorry, but Mr. Martin is not available at the moment. He is presiding over an important board meeting.May I know who is calling?

Mr. Ramos: This is Mr. James Ramos, a client with whom he has been dealing. Can you please inform him that I called? I just need to discuss with him some important matters regarding our next project.

Eliza: I most certainly will Sir. Expect us to give you a call as soon as my Boss is done with his meeting. Would that be all Sir?

Mr. Ramos: Yes Ma’am, that would be all for now. Thank you!

Eliza: Thank you for calling ENMAR Industries. Goodbye!

Read the transcript below. (14-15)

Eliza: Good morning, ENMAR Industries, Eliza speaking. How may I help you?

Mr. Ramos: Good day to you too, I am calling to speak with Mr. Enrique Martin.

Eliza: I am sorry, but Mr. Martin is not available at the moment. He is presiding over an important board meeting.May I know who is calling?

Mr. Ramos: This is Mr. James Ramos, a client with whom he has been dealing. Can you please inform him that I called? I just need to discuss with him some important matters regarding our next project.

Eliza: I most certainly will Sir. Expect us to give you a call as soon as my Boss is done with his meeting. Would that be all Sir?

Mr. Ramos: Yes Ma’am, that would be all for now. Thank you!

Eliza: Thank you for calling ENMAR Industries. Goodbye!

15. How will you describe the language used in the previous oral communication activity? Is it:

Read the transcript below (16-20)

One of the things that makes Chris shiver is standing in front of a crowd and speaking about a topic he cannot easily decide. One Friday afternoon, his teacher gave the class a task to prepare a three to five minutes speech concerning current trends in a digital world. There are a few things that he can think about but he’s not sure which one to choose or which topic can he really speak about with confidence. After the class, he approached his friends and asked:

Chris: Hi there! Have you chosen a speech topic for our English class?Stephen: Not yet, but I am considering talking about online streaming of games and earning money through vlogs. How about you?

Justin: I think I’m going to give an informative speech about cryptocurrencies since many are getting into it.

James: I really don’t have any idea, so I’d probably search online when I get home. How about you, Chris?

Chris: Well, I’m still confused about what to choose. I was thinking of talking about the topics you already mentioned but since you will speak about them already, I’ll just go with the NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) games. I know some details about it but I’m too nervous to speak in front of our class.

Jessica: I know you can deliver it well because you know about the topic. Just believe in yourself and be confident. If I were you, practice speaking in front of the mirror. That will help you boost your confidence and perfect your delivery. Chris: Thanks, guys! Let’s do our best to achieve this task. See you next week.

16. What type of speech context makes Chris nervous?

17. What is the context of communication that took place among Chris’ friends?

18-19. How did the conversation help Chris in preparing his speech topic? Choose two answers from the choices.

20 Based on the conversation, what is the best way to practice delivering a speech effectively?

Read the selection below for items (21-25)

Before the student government election, the student journalists organized a miting de avance for the candidates. This is a venue where the aspiring student leaders can present their platforms to the school and student community. The audience can also ask questions to the candidates to hear what they have to say about the query. There can also be an arranged debate between the parties if they will. Aspiring Student Leader A prepared her speech for the miting de avance. She wrote the things that she thought were relevant to present her clear platform. She took a day or two to put the piece in her memory. She even rehearsed to ensure that she will not forget any detail of her speech. Aspiring Student Leader B on the other hand prepared just a few bulleted points. He thinks that he is ready to answer the questions on the spot. He believes that he could be given any question any time so he did not prepare that much. He will answer based on what he could think of that moment upon hearing the question.Aspiring Student Leader C managed to ask a few of his classmates about the questions they may ask a few hours before the miting de avance. He tried to note possible answers in case these will be thrown at him. He spent a few minutes preparing the ideas that he could use as the answer to the questions given to him. Aspiring Student Leader D fears that he would forget what he prepared. He printed his speech on sheets of paper and plans to read them. He indicated when to pause and what words to emphasize. Despite this, he rehearsed reading this to ensure that he is not obviously reading from paper. All of them answered the questions given to them with confidence. They used different styles and managed to show how much they know and how willing they are to serve the students through their existing leadership ideas, preparation, and manner of delivery.

21. What kind of speech did Student Leader D prepare?

What sets Student Leader B apart from Student Leader C?

23. What type of speech did the first Aspiring Student Leader deliver?

24. How is memorized speech similar to a manuscript?

25. How did they all manage to present their speeches successfully despite the different styles?

Read this excerpt from President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s SONA 2021.26.

What type of speech act is employed in this part of the President’s address?

“That is why I cajoled, I shoved, I pushed, and I tangled with men of wealth and influence who were oblivious to the anguish and pleas of the weak and impoverished, and for that, I was pilloried to no end. But I did not succumb to the attacks. And neither did I allow criticisms, no matter how intense, to dampen my determination and initiatives, because my purpose was pure and unpolluted.”

Read the following conversations and answer the following questions.

Conversation A:

Maria: Good afternoon, Mr. Lee. I heard that there is a new tennis court near your place. Have you been there already?

Mr. Lee: Yes, I heard it too. I haven’t been there yet but I’m planning to go there this weekend. Would you like to go there with me?

Maria: Yes, I’d love to see you this weekend

27. What type of communicative strategy did Maria use in this conversation?

Conversation B:

Debbie: (on a phone call with Karen) Hi, Karen! I’m going to play Roblox with Dianne later. Would you like to join us?

Karen: Yes, that would be fun! But I cannot leave the house now because I must wait for my mom to come home.

Debbie: Oh, I’m sorry I forgot to tell you that we will only play it online, so we don’t have to leave our houses.

Karen: That would be nice then. I’ll see you online. Thank you

28. What communicative strategy did Debbie use to clear up her statement to Karen?

29. How will you differentiate Conversation A from Conversation B?

30-31. If you are Karen in Conversation B, compose your response to Debbie. (2 Points)

32. In SPED classes for visually and hearing-impaired students, teachers prepare various instructional materials in Braille, Sign, audio, and visual formats. What has to be adjusted for this kind of speech context and communicative strategy?

33. When the Lord’s Prayer is delivered as a prayer and as a song, what shift is committed and what factor of communication is changed?

36. What tip reminds the speaker to speak to the audience naturally?

45-49. Categorize the tips into more generalized concepts. (6 points)

50-55. Create another tip that can be helpful to students who wish to become public speakers. (6 points)

56-60. How will you relate the tips to your speaking problems in terms of articulation, modulation, stage presence, nonverbal language, and audience rapport? (5 points)