the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met.

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.

type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.

the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals.

approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by insticts similar to those of animals.

a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism

a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal

those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity

theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation

law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels or arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high. This effect varies with the difficulty of the task: Easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level

things that attract or lure people into action

theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

the particular level of weight the body tries to maintain

the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting

a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs

a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain

the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings

theory in which a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion. I am afraid because I am shaking

theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time. I am shaking and afraid at the same time

theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced. That huge bear is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid

Humanist theory of motivation that says we must first fulfill lower level needs before achieving personal fulfillment and self actualization/Physiological-Safety-Belongingness and Love-Esteem-Cognitive-Self Actualization

stops the eating response; lets us know we are full/if damaged, we would continue to eat

initiates the eating response; lets us know we are hungry/if damaged, we would starve

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Rhythmic, nonstop, moderate to vigorous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen

an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

Emotional release

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction

Female sex hormone

The tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

A model of the body's response to chronic stress; the three phases are alarm (fight-or-flight response), resistance, and exhaustion.

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

A nonspecific, emotional response to real or imagined challenges or threats; a result of a cognitive appraisal by the individual

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life.

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Male sex hormone

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

easygoing, relaxed people