RE-Test of Repaso B

Kindly create a 30 items multiple choice test from this laboratory activity entitled laboratory do's and donts: LABORATORY SAFETY Dos: Wear Appropriate Attire: Wear lab coats, safety goggles, gloves, and any other required personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times in the lab. Follow Protocols: Adhere strictly to established protocols and procedures for all experiments and tasks. Label Everything: Clearly label all containers, tubes, vials, and equipment with relevant information, including date, contents, and your initials. Calibrate Instruments: Regularly calibrate and maintain all lab equipment according to manufacturer guidelines to ensure accurate measurements. Keep Workspace Organized: Maintain a clean and organized workspace to prevent contamination and ensure efficient work. Dispose of Waste Properly: Follow the correct disposal procedures for hazardous waste, sharps, and non-hazardous materials in accordance with local regulations. Use Pipette Aids: Always use pipette aids or bulb fillers to avoid mouth pipetting and potential exposure to hazardous substances. Record Observations: Keep detailed and accurate records of your experiments, observations, procedures, and results. Label Samples Clearly: Label all samples with accurate and descriptive information to avoid mix-ups and confusion. Communicate: Maintain clear communication with colleagues and supervisors about your work, findings, and any potential issues. Follow Safety Guidelines: Adhere to all safety guidelines, emergency procedures, and evacuation plans in case of accidents or incidents. Report Accidents and Incidents: Report any accidents, spills, or incidents to your supervisor immediately, no matter how minor they may seem. Don'ts: Don't Eat, Drink, or Smoke: Never consume food, drinks, or smoke inside the laboratory to prevent contamination and chemical exposure. Don't Pipette by Mouth: Avoid mouth pipetting to prevent the risk of inhaling or ingesting hazardous substances. Don't Use Chipped Glassware: Do not use chipped, cracked, or compromised glassware, as they can lead to leaks and contamination. Don't Work Alone: Avoid working in the lab alone, especially with hazardous materials or equipment. Don't Ignore Safety Procedures: Never disregard safety procedures or skip steps, even if you're experienced with a particular task. Don't Contaminate Reagents: Avoid contaminating reagents by using clean tools, pipettes, and containers. Don't Rush: Take your time and follow protocols accurately. Rushing can lead to mistakes and unsafe conditions. Don't Block Emergency Equipment: Keep emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, and safety showers, unobstructed and easily accessible. Don't Pour Chemicals into Sinks: Do not pour chemicals down sinks unless you are certain they are safe to do so, as this can lead to environmental contamination. Don't Use Unlabeled Chemicals: Never use unlabeled or improperly labeled chemicals. Always know what you're working with. Don't Wear Loose Clothing or Jewelry: Avoid wearing loose clothing, open-toed shoes, and excessive jewelry that could get caught in equipment or chemicals. Don't Assume, Ask: If you're unsure about something, never assume. Always ask for guidance from your supervisor or colleague

Extradition (International law), Political Offence Exception, The Political Offense Exception (POE) serves as a critical safeguard in international extradition law, allowing a requested state to refuse the surrender of a fugitive if their alleged crime is of a "political character." These offenses are categorized into two types: **pure political offenses**, such as treason or espionage, which target the state's political organization without harming individuals; and **relative political offenses**, which are common crimes like robbery committed with a political motive. To distinguish between these, courts apply various judicial tests. For instance, the **Political Incidence Test** (established in *In re Castioni*) focuses on whether the act was incidental to a political disturbance, while the **Swiss Proportionality Test** weighs the political end against the criminal means used, denying the exception if the harm caused is disproportionate. In the context of **state succession**, the application of extradition treaties depends largely on the underlying legal theory adopted by the new sovereign. Under **Universal Succession**, the new state inherits all prior treaties and obligations, ensuring legal continuity. Conversely, the **Clean Slate (Tabula Rasa) Theory**, often seen in decolonization, suggests that new states are not bound by the predecessor’s treaties, potentially creating "safe havens" for fugitives until new agreements are reached. Practical examples include the **Dissolution of the USSR**, where Russia acted as the "continuator" state inheriting treaties, and the **Partition of India and Pakistan**, where a devolution agreement ensured that colonial-era treaties remained in effect. Despite its protective intent, the POE faces **modern erosion** to ensure that heinous acts do not go unpunished. Specific limitations, such as the **Attentat Clause**, explicitly exclude the assassination of a head of state from being considered a political offense. Similarly, modern treaties and conventions (like the *Meunier* ruling) exclude **terrorism**, hijacking, and crimes against humanity from the exception, viewing these acts as attacks on the general social order rather than legitimate political dissent. This evolution reflects a growing international consensus that the gravity of certain crimes—such as those seen in the **Rainbow Warrior case study**—far outweighs any claimed political motivation, shifting the legal focus toward human rights and the prevention of torture.

Growing up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, a small city surrounded by endless plains, I've found unexpected echoes of home in China's smaller towns — from the warmth of locals in Huaihua, Central China's Hunan province, to the quiet charm of Yangshuo, South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. With an itch to see more of China's lesser-visited regions, I began planning a trip to the northwest with seven friends — five Americans, one Pakistani, one Zimbabwean, and one Colombian. We bought round-trip tickets from Shanghai to Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, for less than $120 each. From there, we planned to rent a car and drive to Xining in Qinghai, then on to Qinghai Lake, and finally to Lanzhou, Gansu. To make that possible, several of us applied for Chinese driver's licenses, a process that involved translating our US licenses into Mandarin and passing a short test on traffic laws. Within a day, we were licensed. As we piled into two rental cars in late March to begin our eight-day journey, it became clear that this wasn't just a road trip — it was the culmination of our four years in China, the Mandarin we had so diligently studied, and our ongoing effort to contribute to US-China people-to-people relations. Right away, we drew curious reactions. At the Yinchuan airport, taxi drivers offered us rides into the city, only to stare in astonishment when we told them we had rented cars. "You're driving? In China?" one driver asked, visibly surprised. It was a reaction we'd encountered multiple times during our trip, as foreign drivers are rare in China, especially in remote regions. In Yinchuan, we stocked up on snacks and adjusted to the chilly desert air. From there, we headed west, navigating wide highways framed by dramatic landscapes: arid plains, jagged mountains, and occasionally, a herd of sheep crossing the road. The vastness of the Northwest was humbling — and as someone who grew up on the wide-open prairies of South Dakota, it felt oddly familiar. One of the highlights of our trip was camping by Qinghai Lake, the largest saltwater lake in China. A few summers ago, Santiago Solano, one of my classmates from the US, cycled from Xi'an in Shaanxi to Urumqi in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region over the course of a month and met many kind strangers along the way. One of them was Geng San, a Tibetan lamb herder who managed a piece of land right next to Qinghai Lake and graciously invited us to camp there. "That's what China is — it's the people. The quiet generosity of an old Tibetan nomad who, years after we first met, still offered us a place to rest on his land," said Solano, who is also part of the group on this trip. But apparently, we underestimated just how cold it would be to camp next to Qinghai Lake in late March. It was deathly freezing. In preparation for the trip, we had ordered two tent kits and eight sleeping bags. However, when the temperature eventually dropped to — 10 C, all of us piled into the cars and turned the heaters on. So much for camping. From Qinghai Lake, we drove to Lanzhou, where we visited many food markets and tried every type of noodle on offer. Since we are college students, we rented a gaming hotel room — something I've only ever seen in China. At night, instead of attending local parties as we had before, we stayed in the hotel and gamed late into the morning. For me, the trip was as much about the journey as it was about the destinations. Driving through Northwest China gave us a unique perspective on the region's natural beauty and its people. At gas stations, shopkeepers greeted us with curiosity and kindness, often offering recommendations for nearby attractions. At roadside carts, we sampled local specialties, grabbing a quick skewer and a mango for the road. And at every stop, we were touched by the warmth and hospitality that make traveling in China so rewarding. As an American who has lived in China for several years, I'm often asked about my experiences here. Trips like this one remind me of the similarities between the two countries, despite their differences. Just as road trips are a quintessential part of American culture, they've become my favorite way to explore China. Whether it's driving through the rolling hills of South Dakota or the deserts of Ningxia, there's something universal about the freedom and camaraderie that come with having complete control over where you end up. Written by Charlie Howes, a 22-year-old American who has lived in China since 2019. He completed his final year of high school at Beijing No 80 High School and is currently studying at New York University Shanghai. He has founded a company in China focused on facilitating US-China trade and plans to continue living in Shanghai long term. He enjoys road trips, cycling around the world, learning languages, and meeting new people.

Match the word to its synonym level B1 CEFR. Use the vocabulary exactly adverb precisely except that aside from exist verb to be real existing adjective real, current Example: Flying cars are not practical with existing technology. existence noun reality Example: The existence of black holes has been confirmed by indirect observation. extraordinary adjective unusual feature noun important part of something Example: The Ramon Crater is a unique feature of the Negev Desert. feedback noun reaction figure noun shape Example: I can’t tell if that figure in the shadows is a man or a woman. figure out verb understand Example: I just can’t figure out how the magician did that amazing trick. financial adjective related to money Example: Her family is having financial problems so they can’t travel overseas this year. finance verb pay for Example: If I can’t get a loan from the bank, I won’t be able to finance a new apartment. finance noun money Example: An expert in finance predicts a global recession. finding/findings noun discoveries; results of a study Example: According to the findings of the police investigation, this is the gun which fired the fatal bullet. flexibility noun willingness to change flexible adjective adjusts easily Example: I’d prefer to meet on Monday morning but I can be flexible depending upon your schedule. flood noun a lot of water flood verb to cover with too much water flu noun type of sickness focus on/upon verb pay attention to Example: You should focus on your schoolwork if you want to improve your grades. focus noun attention People with attention deficit disorder lose focus easily. frequency noun how often frequent adjective very often Example: Hanah is a frequent customer and everyone at the store knows her. fresh adjective new Example: We need some fresh ideas if we’re going to solve this problem. frighten verb scare from preposition position, starting point gain verb make an increase, profit, earn Example: I have nothing to gain by choosing sides so I shall remain neutral. gain noun profit, amount earned generate verb create, make Example: Chat GPT can generate text written in any style you choose. guidance noun help, advice hopeful adjective optimistic, having a positive outlook Example: The farmers are hopeful that we will have rain this winter. hopefully adjective with luck ideal adjective best, most preferable Example: Nuclear power may not be an ideal solution to global warming, but it’s certainly worth considering. illness noun sickness, disease illustrate verb draw pictures illustration noun picture, image Example: Children’s storybooks have colorful illustrations. image noun picture, especially on film or television Example: The mother of the pop singer cried when she first saw her daughter’s image on television. in preposition within, inside, into in terms of regarding Example: That company makes a great product but they’re lacking in terms of customer service. in actual fact in truth Example: The mayor says the city is a safe place to live, but in actual fact the violent crime rate is very high. in connection with about Example: Police arrested four men in connection with the robbery. in that case if that is true Example: Billy Bob: “Traffic could be heavy tomorrow.” Peggy Sue: “In that case, we better leave early.” in the meantime while, during Example: The new computers won’t arrive until next week, but we can keep using the old ones in the meantime. initial adjective first Example: Her initial reaction to that song was negative, but over time she’s come to like it. initially adverb at first instruction noun teaching, order Example: Most new electronic devices come with a set of instructions. intelligence noun smartness Example: Since you have a degree from a good university, I assume you have sufficient intelligence to understand this problem. intelligent adjective smart Example: Joe isn’t very intelligent, but he is a kind person with a warm heart. interest noun attraction Example: Yossi has little interest in politics, whereas his wife goes to all the protests and demonstrations. interest verb to attract Example: Sports don’t really interest me, but my brother is a big basketball fan. introduce verb to show something new Example: Today in class I will introduce the basic concepts of literary analysis. invest verb to put money into something in order to earn money Example: Joe invested in cryptocurrency and lost a lot of money. investor noun one who puts money into something in order to earn money Example: Venture capitalists are investors who put money into risky start-up businesses. investment noun putting money into something in order to earn money Example: Buying real estate in Israel is a very safe investment because the value never goes down. investigate verb research, study Example: The police collected evidence to investigate the murder. investigation noun study Example: The police don’t have a suspect for the murder as the investigation isn’t finished yet. investigator noun detective Example: Detective Schmendrick is the lead investigator for the murder case. just about almost Example: I’m just about done here so I’ll be there shortly. keep on doing verb continue Example: You’re crazy if you keep on doing the same thing and expect different results. kind of type of Example: What kind of dog is that, a poodle? knowledge noun awareness Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. lack verb not having, missing Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. landscape noun the view of the land likely adjective, adverb probably Example: When we learn from our mistakes, we’re not likely to forget. limited adjective restricted Example: We should go to the store today because the sale is for a limited time only. limitation noun restriction little adjective small, not a lot Example: She always tells the truth. I have little reason to doubt her. look at verb see Example: People used to read newspapers on the train. Nowadays they just look at their phones. low adverb to a small amount or level Example: I have to charge my phone because the battery is running low. material noun documents, information Example: We have a lot of material to cover before the end of the semester. meaning noun significance mean verb to have significance or purpose means noun form of, by the use of Example: They communicate by means of radio. measure noun step Example: The teacher took measures to prevent cheating during the test mention verb to say, point out Example: The coach said the team played very well today but didn’t mention any player specifically. miss verb (1) fail to catch (2) wishing to see somebody Examples: (1) The football player kicked the ball but missed the goal. (2) Wow, it’s good to see you! I’ve missed you so much! misunderstand verb understand incorrectly Example: I’m afraid I misunderstood the instructions. Could you repeat them please? more or less approximately, somewhat, to a varying degree Example: This is more or less a religious neighborhood, though there are a few secular families. must modal verb have to naturally adverb as expected, normally nature noun (1) open air (2) character Examples: (1) We like to go hiking in nature reserves. (2) Pit bulls are aggressive by nature.

Unit 4 Retest - Activities of the Cell

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