Review for AP Exam Unit 1 Scientific Foundations of Psychology

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish

the study of behavior and thinking using the (scientific) experimental method

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth

the science of behavior and mental processes

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival with most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes

the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning