Review for AP Exam - Unit 3 Sensation and Perception

minimal amount of energy required to produce any sensation, 50 percent of the time

visual messages/cues that require two eyes (retinal disparity, convergence)

place on the retina out where the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptors (rods/cones) are located here

snail-shaped structure in the inner ear; contains fluid that vibrate; attach the oval window and basilar membrane

visual receptor cells; located in retina; works best in bright light; responsible for viewing color; greatest density in the fovea

binoculars cue; visual depth cue; muscles controlling eye movement as the eyes turned inward to view a nearby stimulus

Just Noticeable Difference (JND); the smallest change in stimulation that you can detect 50% of the time; differs from one person to the other (and from moment to moment); tells us the flexibility of sensory systems

Starts with basic sensory information; transduction

Constructing perceptions based on our experiences and expectations

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, like the cocktail effect (notice your name in a crowd)

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

failing to notice changes in the environment.

color, or aspects of colors

the color part of the eye; made of muscle that contracts/relaxes to control the size of the people allowing light to enter the eye

sense of muscle movement, posture, and strain on muscles/joints; provides information on speed and direction of movement; works with vestibular sense