What does the term 'ceteris paribus' mean in economic models?

Other things remain unchanged or equal.

Economic models are always accurate.

According to the law of demand, what happens to quantity demanded when the price of a product increases?

The quantity demanded decreases.

The quantity demanded fluctuates.

The quantity demanded increases.

The quantity demanded remains the same.

If the supply curve shifts to the left, what does this signify?

Quantity demanded remains constant.

In the context of market equilibrium, what occurs when the demand curve crosses the supply curve?

Equilibrium price and quantity are established.

What is likely to happen in the market for chicken if a bird-flu outbreak decreases the supply?

Price of chicken will rise and quantity traded will decrease.

Quantity will increase and price will decrease.

Both price and quantity will remain constant.

Price will fall and quantity will increase.

If the price of mutton increases, what is likely to happen to the demand for beef, assuming they are substitutes?

The demand for beef will shift to the right.

The demand for beef will decrease.

The demand for beef will remain unchanged.

The supply of beef will decrease.

What happens to the equilibrium price and quantity when both the demand and supply curves shift?

It depends on the magnitude of the shifts.

Equilibrium price falls and quantity decreases.

Equilibrium price rises and quantity increases.

What does an increase in demand with no change in supply tend to cause in the market?

Price to increase and quantity traded to increase.

Price to remain the same and quantity to increase.

Price to decrease and quantity traded to decrease.

Quantity traded to decrease while price fluctuates.

In a free market, what is the role of price mechanism in adjusting to a shortage?

Price will rise to allocate resources effectively.

Price will remain unchanged to stabilize the market.

Price will fall to eliminate the shortage.

Price will decrease to encourage more buying.

What is the primary purpose of economic models according to the text?

To explain the behavior of consumers, firms, and markets.

To summarize historical economic data.

To create complex economic theories.

What does the term 'ceteris paribus' refer to in economic models?

Other things remain unchanged or equal.

What does the law of demand state?

There is an inverse relationship between quantity demanded and price.

The quantity supplied decreases with lower prices.

Higher prices always increase demand.

Demand remains constant regardless of price.

According to the text, what effect does a leftward shift in the supply curve indicate?

Equilibrium quantity increases.

What occurs when both the demand curve and supply curve shift simultaneously?

The new equilibrium price and quantity depend on the magnitude of each shift.

Equilibrium quantity will always decrease.

Equilibrium price will definitely rise.

One curve shift does not affect the other.

If the supply of chicken decreases due to a bird flu outbreak, what is expected to happen in the chicken market?

Price of chicken will rise, and quantity traded will decrease.

There will be no effect on price or quantity.

Price will fall and quantity will rise.

Supply will remain unchanged, and demand will decrease.

In the context of the text, what is an expected outcome when consumers learn that drinking coffee can increase life expectancy?

Demand for coffee will increase, and price is expected to rise.

Neither demand nor supply will be affected.

Supply of coffee will increase, and price will fall.

Demand for coffee will decrease, and quantity traded will remain unchanged.

What does an equilibrium price represent in the market?

A condition of balance where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.

A point where no goods are sold.

The lowest price suppliers will accept.

The highest price consumers are willing to pay.

When government provides tax exemptions for electric vehicles, what is the expected market outcome?

Demand for e-vehicles will increase, leading to higher prices and quantities traded.

Only supply will increase without affecting demand.

Demand will remain unchanged, affecting neither price nor quantity.

Supply of e-vehicles will decrease, lowering prices.

According to the law of demand, what happens to quantity demanded when the price of a product increases?

The quantity demanded decreases.

The quantity demanded fluctuates.

The quantity demanded increases.

The quantity demanded remains the same.

What happens to the demand curve for beef if the price of mutton, a substitute, increases?

The demand curve for beef will shift right.

The demand curve for beef will shift left.

The beef demand curve remains unchanged.

The demand for beef will decrease.

What does a movement along the demand curve from one point to another represent?

Change in quantity demanded due to a price change.

Change in the nature of the good.

What is the expected outcome in the chicken market due to a bird-flu outbreak?

Supply of chicken will decrease, the price of chicken will rise.

What would likely happen to the market for e-vehicles if the government offers tax exemptions on their purchase?

The demand for e-vehicles will increase.

Supply of e-vehicles will increase.

The demand for e-vehicles will decrease.

Supply of e-vehicles will remain unchanged.

Revise: Basic Concept of Supply and Demand

Electrostatics The section of CBSE Class 12 Physics electrostatic potential and capacitance notes mainly deals with the in-depth analysis of electromagnetic phenomena when they are not performing any movements. Additionally, it is divided into ten further sub-topics to study the companion processes of reaching the state. These are - 1. Electric charge In this section of Physics ch 2 Class 12 notes, you get to learn about the basic features of electric charge and its expression in Physics. Along with its basics, the sections help to understand the full potential of charge. Different aspects of Charge included in Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes are - Definition Type: Positive and Negative Charge Unit and dimensional formula Point Charge Properties of Charge Comparison of Charge and Mass Methods of Charging Electroscope 2. Coulomb's Law Force is created when charges of opposite signs attract each other, and they repulse if the signs are the same. Coulomb's law tries to define this phenomenon through a mathematical formula, explicitly mentioned in Physics Class 12 notes Chapter 2. Moreover, there is key information about the variation of the constant k and its effect on a medium. Coulomb's law's vector form and the principle of superimposition are also explained in ch 2 Physics Class 12 notes. (Image will be uploaded soon) 3. Electric Field As stated in Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes, every positively or negatively charged particle has their respective electric fields. It feels a force at the time of interaction which might be attraction or repulsion. As it arises from electric charge, it is crucial to know about its different parts like - Electric field intensity Relation between electric force and electric field Super imposition of electric field Point charge Continuous charge distributions Properties of Electric Field Lines Motion of Charged Particles in an Electric field Learning more about the electric field from electric potential and capacitance notes Class 12 helps a student to get a grasp of upcoming chapters. 4. Electric Potential Energy When energy helps a charge to move from an electric field, it is known as the Electric Potential Energy. This section of electrostatic chapter Class 12 notes requires a student to study the Electron volt (eV), and the potential energy that an n number of charges can hold. 5. Electric Potential This section of Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes focuses on in-depth learning of Electric Potential or Voltage. Basically, it defines the potential movement of energy. 6. Relation between Electric Field and Potential Apart from knowing more about the relationship between the two values, Physics Class 12 Chapter 2 notes also discuss equipotential surfaces. 7. Electric Dipole Essentially, 'Dipoles' are two opposite points of charge represented with q and –q, with their distance between each other being 2a. Electric Dipoles are crucial in your study of Physics Class 12 Chapter 2 notes to learn more about electric fields and their potential. Additionally, Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes focus on the influence of electric dipoles on a uniform electric field mainly through Force and Torque, Work, and Potential Energy. In the last part of Electrostatics, further focus is on using the formulas to their fullest potential. It includes subsections of Electric Field, Electric Potential Energy, Electric Potential, and Electric Dipole. In the notes for electrostatic potential and capacitance, you will find proper solutions accompanied by clear and crisp diagrams for better understanding. 8. Gauss's Law Apart from just discussing the Gauss's Law, in Physics Class 12 ch 2 notes there is a thorough explanation of its properties and applications. The Gauss' Law states that net electric flux passing through a hypothetical closed surface is equal to the net electric charge present within the same closed surface. Being a broad part of the whole chapter, you may need to spend a little more time on it. Moving forward, it starts discussing the properties of conductors in relation to Gauss's Law. The Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 2 perfectly defines the journey to Gauss' Law from Coulomb's Law. Here is the Gauss's Law present in the Class 12 Physics ch 2 notes, (image will be uploaded soon) 9. Capacitors There is a dedicated section about Capacitors in the Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes elucidating its functions and importance as storage of potential electric energy. After explaining the structure of a capacitor, it points out the different types, parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical. The section of Chapter 2 notes of Physics Class 12 is further divided into subheads like: Properties of an ideal battery Grouping of capacitors Simple circuits (Series and Parallel) Dielectric Van de Graaff generator Combination of drops Charge distribution method Wheatstone Bridge-based circuit Extended Wheatstone Bridge Infinite network of capacitors Redistribution of charge between two capacitors Vedantu prepares the Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes with help from subject matter experts. In the PDF, you get a comprehensive idea of the topic along with potential answers to the most asked questions. Furthermore, the detailed explanation on each section and subsections are written in a simple language allows a student to ace their exams with wholesome knowledge. These Physics Chapter 2 Class 12 notes are going to be one of the best supplementary study materials besides a student’s textbooks. Visit the Vedantu website or download the app to get your hands on all important notes! Important Questions A charge of 4 × 10–8C is uniformly distributed on the surface of a spherical conductor, having a radius of 15 cm. Determine the electric field just outside this sphere at a point that is 15 cm from the centre of this sphere. Determine the capacitance given that the distance between the two plates has been reduced by half and the parallel plate capacitor holds a capacitance of 20 pF (where 1pF = 10-12 F) having air between the two plates. What will be the total capacitance of a combination where three capacitors, each having a capacitance of 20 pF, are connected in series. A square having a side of 10 cm has a 500 µC charge at its centre. Determine the work done to move a charge of 10 µC between two points that are diagonally opposite each other on the square. At an equatorial point, what will be the electrostatic potential because of an electric dipole? Calculate the work done to move a test charge, q, through a length of 1 cm along the equatorial axis of an electric dipole? Polarisation A capacitor has its plates enclosed in a medium that can be filled by insulating substances. A net dipole moment is then induced by an electric field in the dielectric. This event causes the field in an opposite direction. Equipotential Surface An equipotential surface is a type of surface where the potential always has a constant value. If considered as a point charge, the concentric spheres that are centred at a particular area of this charge are basically equipotential surfaces. Advantages of Vedantu's Revision Notes: A Comprehensive Resource for Effective Learning There are several reasons why one may refer to Vedantu's revision notes for studying a subject like Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance. Here are some key points: Comprehensive Coverage: Vedantu's revision notes provide a comprehensive coverage of the entire topic, ensuring that all important concepts and subtopics are included. Concise and Organized: The notes are designed to be concise, focusing on the key points and core ideas. They are organized in a structured manner, making it easy for students to navigate and revise the content. Simplified Explanation: The revision notes offer simplified explanations of complex concepts, making them more accessible and easier to understand. This helps students grasp the material more effectively. Key Formulas and Equations: The notes highlight the key formulas and equations relevant to the topic, ensuring that students have a clear understanding of the mathematical aspects of Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance. Examples and Illustrations: Vedantu's revision notes often include examples and illustrations that help clarify concepts and provide practical applications, enabling students to better relate theory to real-world scenarios. Quick Recap: The revision notes serve as a quick recap of the important points, allowing students to review the material efficiently before exams or assessments. Exam-Oriented Approach: Vedantu's revision notes are designed with an exam-oriented approach, focusing on the topics and concepts that are frequently asked in examinations. This helps students prepare effectively and increase their chances of scoring well. Accessible Anytime: Vedantu's revision notes are easily accessible online, allowing students to study at their convenience and revise the material anytime, anywhere.

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