How many bones are in the skeletal system at birth

How many bones are in the skeletal system in an adult

What are the two major components of the skeleton?

How many regions are in the spine

What is kyphosis?

What are the 5 regions of the spine?

How many muscles are there in the human body?

What are the three types of muscle

What does a ligament do?

Do tendons connect muscles to other tissues?

Is cartilage a connective tissue?

What are the 3 planes of movement

What plane of movement would a bicep curl be in?

Which plane of movement would a lateral dumbbell raise be in?

What plane of movement would a twisting lunge be in?

`What is the decrease of a joint angle

What is an increase of a joint angle?

Lateral movement away from the midline

What is it called if my palm is facing up?

Inner border of the foot moves inwards

What is it callled if i push my foot into the ground?

Is shrugging shoulders an example of elevation?

Pulling shoulder blades together is called...

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems is the definition of?

Efficient human movement is comprised of three main elements; length-tension relationship, force-couple relationship, and arthrokinematics

Skeletal muscle is attached to bones via tendons

Attachment of muscle to immovable bone is?

Muscle primarily responsible for movement (prime mover) eg triceps when throwing a ball?

Muscles which act in one segment, allowing movement to occur in an another?

What is the production of force but no change in muscle length resulting in no movement of a joint named as?

Production of force with a shortening of the muscle and a decrease in the joint angle eg bicep curl 

Muscle contract and shortens at a constant speed, regardless of force applied

 A rigid body (bone) which turns around an axis of rotation known as a fulcrum (joint)

 The distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum 

The force generated by a force external to the body

Mechanical advantage: Ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts

Force generated by biochemical activity or stretching of non- contractile tissue, drawing opposite ends of a muscle together

The degree to which a force rotates an object about a specified fulcrum, defined as force X length of movement arm 

A lever whereby the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum is known as the first class lever

What is a second class lever?

 A lever whereby the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum with the muscle force acting through a moment arm shorter than that of resistive force is the third class lever

A layer of tissue which extends from the tendon and surrounds entire muscle.

Bundles of muscle fibres separated by the perimysium

Surrounds a bundle of muscle fibres (10-100 fibres)

A fine layer of connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre

What do muscle fibres contain?

Surrounds each fibre encasing the cell (consists of plasma and basement membrane)

Plasma membrane conducts electrochemical wave of depolarisation over surface.

(thin protein filaments) attached to the Z lines, formed by actin molecules twisted into a helix.

The connection between which two systems are fundamental to all movement?

When an impulse (action potential) reaches the neuromuscular junction, a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) is released to stimulate muscle contraction. 

relating to both nerves and muscles 

where a nerve and a muscle fibre meet 

the gap between the synaptic bulb and the muscle fibre

Low threshold stimulation, slow contracting, highly oxidative and highly fatigue resistant, predominant aerobic energy transfer muscle fibres

fast contracting, oxidative/glycolytic and fatigue resistant muscle fibres

What powers all energy requiring processes

The ATP-PCr system occurs in the

PCr recovery can only occur in aerobic conditions

Glycolytic System becomes less important as exercise duration continues for more than a few seconds 

How many reactions does it take to convert glucose to pyruvate

Max force that a muscle can produce in a single, voluntary effort, regardless of velocity. What is this the definition of?

the product of force x velocity is?

What does a motor unit consist of?

A size order principle stating that the activation order of motor neurons is dictated by the motor neuron size, i.e., the smallest motor neurons are recruited first (smallest to largest) 

What is RDF

What is hypertrophy?

Resistance training increases tendon and ligament strength

What are the two types or cartilage?

Which is a more effective training session?

For a 70kg athlete how much protein should they have per meal for optimal protein synthesis?

Caffine is associated with improvements in aerobic exercise performance

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

Where does the Electron transport chain occur?

In the TCA cycle does this happen; 2 pyruvate → 2 acetyl-CoA?

How many ATP molecules does each NADH create during the TCA cycle?

Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for what percentage of ATP resynthesis

Lipids are stored in the body as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in adipose tissue with some found in skeletal and cardiac muscle

A TAG has a glycerol ‘backbone’ and three fatty acids bound to the glycerol via ester bonds 

Lipolysis rates lowest during exercise and in fasted state

What is maximal oxygen uptake?

During the transition from rest to exercise an increase in oxygen supply to what increases?

O2 deficit suggests that at the onset of exercise, the ATP-PCr and glycolytic system are important in ATP production. 

Lactate threshold is the point at which lactate production exceeds clearance 

How do you calculate cardiac output?

What is systolic bp?

Which phase is not in the SSC