Question 1

Study the illustration below. Which arrow points to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It is the end part of the bronchioles pointed by arrow 4 where the exchange of gas occurs.

Answer

Arrow 4 points to the alveoli.

Answer

Alveoli filter air, thus it is arrow 1.

Answer

Alveoli are tiny sacs of air and the site of gas exchange. It is not arrow 3.

Question 2

The lungs are the major organs of the respiratory system. How does it function?

Accepted Answer

The lungs contain air sacs surrounded by capillaries that help in the oxygenation of the blood.

Answer

It helps us breathe oxygen.

Answer

The lungs are the organ that pumps blood in the body.

Answer

It is the organ that contains the air sacs and helps in the delivery of oxygen.

Question 3

When you inhale and exhale, you notice that there is movement in your chest cavity. Describe the role of the diaphragm in these processes.

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm contracts creating a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs.

Answer

The diaphragm is a muscle that controls breathing.

Answer

The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and relaxes upon exhalation.

Answer

During the inhalation, the diaphragm moves inward and outward that makes chest movement.

Question 4

The circulatory system is the body’s transport system. Identify the organs that help transport nutrients and gases in the body.

Accepted Answer

I, II and IV because they are part of circulatory system

Answer

I, it is a blood vessel.

Answer

III is a tube that serves as passageway of nutrients.

Answer

I and II deliver nutrients in the different organs of body

Question 5

The heart is the busiest organ in our body. It is responsible for pumping blood. How does the heart pump blood?

Accepted Answer

When the heart contracts, the ventricles will pump blood to the lungs and the body.

Answer

The chambers of the heart pumps blood.

Answer

The blood is pumped by the capillaries of the heart

Answer

The upper chamber of the heart collects blood and the lower chamber pumps blood.

Question 6

Which describes BEST the pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

The deoxygenated blood flow from heart to lungs to regain oxygen.

Answer

It refers to the flow of blood from heart to lungs and vice versa.

Answer

The oxygenated blood from the lungs flows back to the heart through pulmonary veins.

Answer

The blood from different parts of the body flows back to the heart then gain oxygen in the lungs.

Question 7

The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. How do the lungs and blood work together in the exchange of gases in the body?

Accepted Answer

In gas exchange, the blood that enters the lungs unloads carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.

Answer

The lungs bring oxygen to the body through inhaling.

Answer

Blood brings carbon dioxide to the body cells through inhaling.

Answer

The lungs are the site of the exchange of gases and the blood transports oxygen and nutrients inside the body.

Question 8

Cigarette smoking is a hard habit to break. Why can cigarettes cause addiction and heart problems to persons who smoke?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoke contains nicotine that led to heart problems.

Answer

It contains nicotine.

Answer

Cigarette smoke contains caffeine.

Answer

It has a highly addictive substance and increases the blood pressure of smokers.

Question 9

Study the pictures of a simulation of cigarette smoking. What can you infer from the result of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

This experiment the deposition of tar in the cotton which occurs also in the lungs of a smoker.

Answer

The cigarette smoke formed a thin layer of tar in the cotton.

Answer

Nothing happens to the cotton balls, so it is ok to smoke cigarettes

Answer

Tar in cigarettes sticks to the cotton balls similarly to the arterial walls of the different parts of the body.

Question 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be obtained from long-term cigarette smoking. How will you detect if you have COPD?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in breathing due to the damaged lining of the lungs

Answer

Persistent chesty cough

Answer

Persistent chesty cough and difficulty in breathing

Answer

The difficulty of sleeping is due to the harmful chemicals in cigarette.

Question 11

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. The problem starts when a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. How can a person know if he/she has CAD?

Accepted Answer

Heart attack caused by plaque build-up in the walls of the arteries

Answer

Experiencing chest pain, weakness, light-headedness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), or a cold sweat

Answer

Discomfort in the stomach due to the high fatty substances deposited in this organ

Answer

Chest pain or discomfort (angina)

Question 12

You observed that your older brother frequently smoke cigarettes and eats salty and fatty foods most of the time. What is likely to happen if the person does not change his lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

Individuals will get lung cancer and hypertension due to long-term cigarette smoking and unhealthy diet.

Answer

The person will get chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Answer

Respiratory and circulatory organs of the person will not be affected.

Answer

The organs of the individual will be blocked by the chemicals from cigarettes, and unsaturated fats block the blood vessels.

Question 13

Atherosclerosis is a disease where the artery is blocked by fats, tar, and high blood pressure. How can we prevent atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Avoid fatty food and alcoholic drinks to avoid blockage of blood vessels

Answer

Observe healthy lifestyle.

Answer

Eat fatty food and drink alcoholic beverages

Answer

Do not smoke, get enough sleep and have a balanced diet

Question 14

The Department of Education is looking forward to mandatory face to face mode of reporting of students in school. How will you lessen the increasing number of cases?

Accepted Answer

Increase your immune system by taking vitamins and eating healthy foods.

Answer

Wear a face mask, keep social distance, eat healthy foods and have enough sleep.

Answer

Observe health protocols in the crowded area only.

Answer

Do simple exercises every day.

Question 15

The DNA is an important molecule in a living organism because it contains the genetic information to produce proteins. What part of the DNA nucleotide gives the genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Purines and pyrimidines that form complimentary bases

Answer

Nitrogenous bases

Answer

Phosphate and pentose sugar

Answer

The nitrogenous bases such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 16

Study the chromosomes on the right. Which part is the centromere?

Accepted Answer

No. 2 because it holds the centromere together

Answer

No. 2 points the centromere.

Answer

The centromere is not 2 because it is a form of protein.

Answer

The centromere is no. 2. It is at the center of the chromosome.

Question 17

What can you infer from the illustration of chromosomes on the right?

Accepted Answer

The thick color indicates the presence of allele in the chromosomes.

Answer

It shows genes along the chromosomes.

Answer

It shows the location of the alleles in the chromosomes.

Answer

The stripes in the chromosomes represent the different traits of gene B.

Question 18

Study the cross of 4’oclock flowers. Why does the color of flower in F1 generation is pink?

Accepted Answer

The traits blended forming a third trait, pink.

Answer

The colors of the parent plants blended into pink.

Answer

The F1 generation expressed the third trait from the parents.

Answer

The inheritance of traits in the F1 generation. followed codominance.

Question 19

Which BEST describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

An intermediate trait is formed from the partial expression of the original traits.

Answer

The traits of the parents are fully expressed by the offsprings.

Answer

There is a formation of a third trait from the traits of the parents.

Answer

Both traits from the parents are partially expressed by the offsprings.

Question 20

Study the inheritance of fur color in cattle. Which BEST explains the appearance of roan color in the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Both genes are dominant, thus, both are expressed.

Answer

Both traits are expressed to the offspring.

Answer

White and red traits are inherited and expressed.

Answer

Red gene attached with white gene that led to the expression of both traits.

Question 21

What is codominance?

Accepted Answer

The expression of a trait does not mask the other, thus, both are expressed.

Answer

The genes are not dominantly expressed over the other.

Answer

The dominant and recessive genes are expressed together.

Answer

The genes are expressed together and neither genes are recessive.

Question 22

A man with blood type O marries a woman with blood type AB. What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

They will have blood types A and B because AB is dominant over O.

Answer

Their children will have blood types AB and O, too.

Answer

The children will inherit blood types either blood type A or B from their parents.

Answer

The children will have 50% either blood type A or B and no one will have a blood type O.

Question 23

Study the Punett square below. What is the genotype to be placed in the last box?

Accepted Answer

The genotype will be ii, expressing blood type O.

Answer

The last box will receive IBIBii.

Answer

The last box will have genotype ii.

Answer

The genotype is ii and the phenotype is blood type O.

Question 24

If the sperm cell carries X chromosome? What would be the chance to have male offspring?

Accepted Answer

Zero chance, because the zygote will have XX set of chromosomes.

Answer

The zygote is female. There is no chance to have a male offsprings.

Answer

The offspring of this cross will only have 100% chance of being a female.

Answer

The percentage is 100%, because the sperm cell will fertilize the egg cell with X chromosome, too.

Question 25

Study the cross below. What is the chance for the parents to have a male or female offspring?

Accepted Answer

There are two XX and XY zygotes that imply for 50% chance of having male or female child.

Answer

There is a 50% chance for the parents to have a male or female offspring.

Answer

The genotypes in the result of the cross are XX and XY. These genotypes are for male and female.

Answer

There is no chance to have a male or female child because we do not know yet their gender preference.

Question 26

Which BEST explains why baldness is an example of sex-influenced trait?

Accepted Answer

Male usually expresses baldness because its expression is influenced by the hormone dihydrotestosterone.

Answer

Sex-influenced traits are in autosomes like the trait baldness.

Answer

Baldness is a sex-influenced trait because it is on Y chromosome.

Answer

Sex-influence traits are on body chromosomes like baldness and soft facial hair among females.

Question 27

When do females express phenotypically a sex-influenced trait like baldness?

Accepted Answer

It is expressed by females when they carry the two alleles of the trait.

Answer

Females must have the same alleles of the trait in their chromosomes.

Answer

Presence of two alleles of the sex-influenced trait is present in female autosomes.

Answer

Females secrete large amount of dihydrotestosterone that they can phenotypically express sex-linked traits with one allele of the trait.

Question 28

Slow clotting of blood is a human condition called hemophilia. It can be inherited from the parents. Using the Punnett square below, which genotype will express the hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

The XhY will express hemophilia because it is recessive.

Answer

The XhY is a male with hemophilia.

Answer

All genotypes will express hemophilia.

Answer

The genotypes with H allele will not express hemophilia.

Question 29

Color blindness is a sex-linked trait. The genotypes X^cX^c, X^cY are the genotypes that only express color blindness. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

Color blindness is recessive that are linked in X chromosome.

Answer

It is a recessive trait.

Answer

It is a dominant trait.

Answer

All genotypes, male and female, carry recessive allele of colorblindness.

Question 30

Study the two ecosystems below. Which of them has the higher population density?

Accepted Answer

It is ecosystem B because it has a greater number of animals.

Answer

Ecosystem A has a higher population density than B.

Answer

The population density in ecosystem A is lower and higher in ecosystem B.

Answer

Greater number of populations in a specific area has the higher population density.

Question 31

The seeds of dandelion plants are scattered by the wind. In this case, what is the pattern of population distribution of dandelion plants?

Accepted Answer

Its pattern is random dispersion due to the unpredictable scattering of wind.

Answer

The pattern of distribution of dandelion is random dispersion.

Answer

The population of dandelion has a pattern of clump dispersion.

Answer

The seeds are scattered and grow anywhere. It is random dispersion.

Question 32

Why is clumped dispersion the most common pattern of population distribution?

Accepted Answer

Organisms flock together due to the availability of resources, social behavior, and reproductive need.

Answer

Clumping suggests extensive interaction among organisms. (U)

Answer

They lack the ability to disperse and they survive better in clumped dispersion.

Answer

They are equally spaced apart because they are territorial in nature.

Question 33

Which BEST describes population dispersion?

Accepted Answer

How organisms are distributed in a specific environment which after sometime increases population size but decreases variance.

Answer

The maximum population size of a one species that can be sustained by a specific environment.

Answer

The types of which are clumped, random, and uniform dispersion.

Answer

Describes the arrangement of organisms in a specific environment.

Question 34

Why do we need to save organisms from extinction?

Accepted Answer

When species becomes endangered, it’s a sign that an ecosystem is out of balance which will push other species to the brink of extinction.

Answer

To maintain homeostasis in an ecosystem.

Answer

They have high-priced animal parts utilized for food and other products.

Answer

To ensure that the future generations can enjoy our natural world and the incredible species that live within it.

Question 35

Wildlife is continuously decreasing causing its extinction. What is the main reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Deforestation leads to the reduction of food, shelter, and breeding habitat of the animals in the wildlife.

Answer

Predators threaten the wildlife.

Answer

Reforestation activities initiated by mountain hikers.

Answer

Hunting and poaching for recreational and commercial purposes threaten the wildlife.

Question 36

Why is deforestation a probable cause of species extinction?

Accepted Answer

The loss of habitat caused by deforestation resulted to the disappearance of wildlife species.

Answer

Deforestation refers to the rapid rate at which trees are cut down.

Answer

Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.

Answer

It occurs when a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients.

Question 37

How do plants make their own food?

Accepted Answer

Their chloroplast traps light that is essential to start photosynthesis.

Answer

They have green pigments and stomata.

Answer

The light that enters the leaf is essential for light dependent phase.

Answer

The plants have chloroplasts in their leaf that consumes starch during photosynthesis.

Question 38

The structure on the right can be seen on the leaves. How does it work for plants to undergo photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

These stomata are essential for gas exchange among plants.

Answer

These are stomata on the leaf.

Answer

These stomata allow the entry of carbon dioxide.

Answer

These openings trap light during night time.

Question 39

Why is light important in light-dependent phase of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photolysis occurs as the light excites the electron in the chlorophyll.

Answer

The light excites the electron in the thylakoid.

Answer

Light induces the production of ATP and NADPH in the thylakoid.

Answer

The light energy entering the leaf triggers the production of starch in the thylakoid.

Question 40

How do ATP molecules of light-dependent phase produce?

Accepted Answer

The released energy from the electron transport chain us used to induce photophosphorylation.

Answer

The excited electron jumps down the electron transport chain and release energy.

Answer

Photophosphorylation is the process that produce ATP molecules during light dependent phase.

Answer

ATP synthase collects hydrogen molecule from the downstream of electron transport chain and produce ATP molecule.

Question 41

What molecules are needed to start light-independent phase?

Accepted Answer

The molecules ATP and NADPH are needed in light-independent phase to supply energy and hydrogen.

Answer

The products of light-dependent phase are needed in light-independent phase.

Answer

Six carbon dioxide molecules enter carbon fixation, the first phase of light independent phase.

Answer

Carbon dioxide, NADP, and ADP are molecules that supply energy for splitting molecules into phosphoglyceraldehyde.

Question 42

Why does Calvin Cycle usually call as light-independent phase?

Accepted Answer

It needs products of light-dependent phase to start the production of starch.

Answer

It needs only CO2, NADPH, and ATP.

Answer

It does not need light energy in the production of glucose.

Answer

Is occurs only in dark area or night time while light is not available.

Question 43

How is mitochondrion provided more space for electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The cristae are long thus, folded in the mitochondrion.

Answer

It has a long membrane of cristae.

Answer

The cristae are folded and has ATP synthase.

Answer

The cristae of mitochondrion are in a form of matrix.

Question 44

Where do animal cells get the glucose needed in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The glucose from food is used to start glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

Answer

Its source is the light absorbed by the cells.

Answer

It comes from the product of photosynthesis.

Answer

Food is the source of glucose needed in cellular respiration.

Question 45

Which BEST explains glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is needed in glycolysis to transport pyruvate acid in the mitochondrion.

Answer

Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm.

Answer

Glycolysis splits the glucose into two pyruvic acids.

Answer

Oxygen is always needed to split glucose into pyruvic acids to the mitochondrion.

Question 46

How do molecules of CO2 form in Krebs Cycle?

Accepted Answer

CO2 molecules formed when one molecule of carbon is lost from the 6-carbon sugar.

Answer

It forms during the oxidation process of Krebs cycle.

Answer

The NADP will gain one molecule of carbon from the 6-C sugar.

Answer

In Krebs cycle, one carbon is lost in a form of carbon dioxide during oxidation process.

Question 47

What is the function of electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The molecules of ETC are electron acceptors that harness energy from the products of Krebs cycle and produce ATP.

Answer

ETC is composed of electron acceptor molecules.

Answer

ETC receives energy from the molecules NADPH and FADH2.

Answer

ETC is composed of molecules that traps energy from the environment.

Question 48

What can you infer from the equation of photosynthesis and cellular respiration below?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis can make glucose using the CO2 from cellular respiration.

Answer

The products of photosynthesis are needed in cellular respiration.

Answer

Oxygen is needed in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answer

Glucose and oxygen from photosynthesis are raw materials of cellular respiration.

Question 49

Which differentiates photosynthesis from cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast while cellular respiration occurs in mitochondrion.

Answer

They occur in different type of eukaryotic cell.

Answer

These two processes differ in raw materials, and main products.

Answer

The products of cellular respiration are the by-product of photosynthesis

Question 50

Which BEST explains the energy requirement in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis needs light energy while cellular respiration invest energy by consuming ATP.

Answer

Both processes need light energy from the environment.

Answer

The energy needed in cellular respiration is provided by the ATP.

Answer

In photosynthesis, light excites the electrons in chlorophyll and produce NAPDH and ATP molecules.

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