Question 1

Where does protein synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

At the ribosomes

Answer

In the nucleus

Answer

In the Golgi apparatus

Answer

In the mitochondria

Question 2

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA

Answer

A type of amino acid

Answer

A protein polymer

Answer

A double-stranded DNA segment

Question 3

What molecule translates codons into amino acids?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

DNA

Question 4

What is the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The outer structure of the DNA helix

Answer

The part that codes for proteins

Answer

The inner coding of DNA

Answer

The location of bases

Question 5

What is the main function of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA into RNA

Answer

Replication of DNA

Answer

Transporting proteins to the cytoplasm

Answer

Translating RNA into proteins

Question 6

What role do polypeptides play in biology?

Accepted Answer

They are the building blocks of proteins

Answer

They store genetic information

Answer

They encode the genetic code

Answer

They break down carbohydrates

Question 7

Which base pairs with adenine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Thymine

Question 8

What happens during replication?

Accepted Answer

The entire DNA molecule is copied

Answer

Amino acids are linked together

Answer

RNA is produced from DNA

Answer

Proteins are synthesized

Question 9

How are amino acids linked together?

Accepted Answer

By peptide bonds

Answer

By ionic bonds

Answer

By hydrogen bonds

Answer

By covalent bonds

Question 10

What determines the specific 3D shape of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence and arrangement of amino acids

Answer

The environment of the cell

Answer

The length of the polypeptide chain

Answer

The presence of ribosomes

Question 11

What is the process of copying DNA called?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

tRNA

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 13

Where does mRNA move after transcription?

Accepted Answer

From the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer

To the mitochondria

Answer

Directly into the DNA

Answer

Into the nucleus

Question 14

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

It replicates DNA

Answer

It synthesizes mRNA

Answer

It packages DNA into chromatin

Question 15

What is a chromosomal duplication?

Accepted Answer

When a segment of a chromosome is repeated

Answer

When two chromosomes fuse

Answer

When a chromosome is inverted

Answer

When a chromosome is deleted

Question 16

What are Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand

Answer

Long stretches of DNA

Answer

Short pieces of mRNA

Answer

Segments of RNA

Question 17

What is a germinal mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in reproductive cells

Answer

A mutation in skin cells

Answer

A mutation caused by environmental factors

Answer

A mutation that can't be passed on

Question 18

What does RNA primers do in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Provide a starting point for DNA polymerase

Answer

Break down nucleotides

Answer

Synthesize mRNA

Answer

Seal Okazaki fragments

Question 19

What is the role of histones in chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They help package and organize DNA into chromatin

Answer

They transport mRNA

Answer

They replicate DNA

Answer

They synthesize proteins

Question 20

What is the primary function of the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Answer

Transcribes DNA into RNA

Answer

Replicates DNA

Answer

Stores genetic information

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