Select and Use Farm tools and Equipment

1. Use IT systems to meet a variety of needs. 1.1 Use correct procedures to start and shutdown an IT system. 1.2 Select and use interface features effectively to interact with IT systems and efficiently. 1.3 Select and adjust systems setting as appropriate to needs. 1.4 Select and use a communication service to access the internet. 1.5 Use appropriate terminology when describing IT systems.

Chapter 7 - Review Data and Decision Making *Glow bus due at midnight, name and student number: answer questions using content in class People have created wonderful things for centuries, and management Management can be traced as far back as 500 bc when the ancient Sumerians used written records to improve government and business activities Why is it important to lean from the past Not to repeat our mistakes Classical management approaches Scientific management Administrative Principles Bureaucratic organisation Behavioural Management Approaches Follett’s Organizations as communities The Hawthorne studies Maslow’s theory of human needs Mcgregor’s Theory x and Theory Y Argyris Personality and organisation Modern Management foundations Organises as systems Contingency thinking Quality management Quantitative and analysis and tools Evidence-based management Contributions Frederick Taylor - Father of Scientific management He noticed that workers often did their jobs with wasted motions and without a constant approach. His resulted in inefficiency and low performance He believed the problem could be fixed if workers were taught to do their jobs in the best ways and ten were helped and guided by supervisors Four guiding principles of scientific management Rules of motion, standardized work and proper working conditions Select workers with the right abilities Train workers and give them incentives Support workers by planning and smoothing the way as they do their work Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Pioneered use of motitono studies as a management tool In one famous case, the gilbreaths cut down the number of motions used by bricklayers adn tripled their productivity Contributions from scientific management Make results-based compensation a performance incentive Carefully design jobs with efficient work methods Carefully select workers with the ability to perform the job Trian workers to execute activities to the best of their abilities Train supervisors to support workers so they can perform jobs to the best of their abilities Classical Management Adiminstative principle (Henro Fayol) 1919, after a career in French industry, Henri F published “adminisration Industrielle et Generale” (General and industrial management) in which we out like his views on the management of organiztion and workers Rules and duties in management Foresight - to complete a plan of action for the future Organization - To provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan Common- to lead, select and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan Coordination- to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems solved Control- to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action Classical management Bureacratic organiztion (Max Weber) Max weber (Bureaucrativ organization) - late 19th century German political economist who had a major impact in the fields of management and sociology Bureaucratic Organization An ideal, intentionally rational adn very efficient form of organization Based on the principles of logic, order and legitimate authority Characteristics of BO Clear division of labour Clear hierarchy of authority Formal rules and procedure Impersonality Careers based on merit What are some disadvantages of bureaucracy Takes a long time for problems to become solved bec there are procedures and there is a chain of people in command Having the power Rules have to follow Excessive paperwork or “red tape” Slowness in handling problems Rigidity in the face of shifting needs Resistance to change Employee apathy Behavioural Management Approaches (focus on understanding the elements that affect human behaviour in organisations) Follett’s Organizations as communites Mary park follett contributed to the transition from classical thinking inot behavioural management Groups and human cooperation Groups allow individuales too combine their talents for a greater good Organizations are cooperating “communites” of managers adn workers Managers job is to help people copperate and achive an integration of goals and intrests Forward-looking managment insight: Making every emploee an owner creates a sense of collective responsibility Prescursor of employrr ownership, profit sharing and gain sharing Buniess problems invovle a varity of inter realted factors Prescursor of systems thinking Private profits realtive to public good Precursor of managerial ethics and social respinsibility Hawthorne studies Took place at western electric chicago plan, a tran led by Harvards Elton Mayo set out to learn how econmic incentives and workplace conditions affected workers output Maing objective Intial study examined how ecomoin incentives adn physical conditions affected worker output (productivity) No consistent relationship found During experientmetn they had 2 groups The expertiant groups (impoved wokring ocnditions ) The control group ( no changes to original working conidtions) No consitant relationship found, perfomance in both groups increased even after removing incentives Social setting and human relations Concluded New “social setting” led workers to do good job Good “Human relations” = higher productivity The contect - The Great Depression (1929-1940) Employee attitudes and groups processes Osme thinsf satisifed some workers but not others People resticited output to adhere to groups norms (Avoid layoffs) Lessons from he hawthrone stufirs Social and human concerns are keys to prductivity Hawthrone effect - People who are singled out for special attention perform as expected Maslow’s Theory of human needs Human needs The work of psychologist Abraham Maslow in the area if human “needs,” also has had a major impact in the behavioual apporach to management Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs Self actualization needs Higherst level: need foe self fulfillment to grow and use abilites to fullest and most creative extent Esteem needs Needs fro esteem in eyes of others need for respect, prestige, recognition; need for self esteem, personal sense of competence, mastery Social needs Need for love, affection, sense of belongingness in ones relationship either other people Safett needs Need for security, protection and stability in teh events of day to day life Physiological needs Most basic of all human needs: need for biological maintence; food, water and phydical well being Principles Defict principle: A satidifed need is not a motivator of behaviour Progress principles: A need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower-level need is satisfied Both principles cease to operate at self actulilzation level McGregor’s Theories Thepry x assumes that workers; Dislike work Lack ambition Are irresponsible Resist change Prefer to be led Theoyry y assumes that workers are Willing to work Willing to accept responsibility Capable of self control Capable of self direction Imaginative and creative According to McGregor, Managers create: Self fulfilling prophecies Implications of Theory x and y Theory x managers: Create situations where workers become dependent, passive and reluctant Theory y managers create situations where workers respond with initiative and high performance Central to notions of empowerment and self management Argyris’s theory of adult personality Classical management principles and practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent with the mature adult personality Management practices should accommodate the mature personality: Increasing task responsibility Increasing task variety Using participative decision making Modern Management Foundation Quantitative analysis and Tools Analytics: the use of large data bases and mathematics to solve problems and make informed decision using systematic analysis Organization as systems System Collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose Subsystem A smaller component of a larger system Open systems Organisations that interact with their environment Contingency thinking Tires to maths managerial responses with problem (situation) No “one best way” to manage The “appropriate way to to manage depends on the situations Quality management Qality anc competitive advantafe are linked Total quality managment (TQM) Comprehensive approach to contiou impovment on teh entire organization ISO certification Gloval quality management standards Refine and upgrade quality to meet ISO requirments Evidednce Based Managment Making management decision on “hard facts” about what really works

The LMS has been an essential tool in curriculum design and development and in organizing factors that motivate student learning, especially in online distance learning. However, an LMS can be used in blended, hybrid, and in-class delivery modes. It is a software application designed to help in the administration of courses for both students and instructors. Such systems have been designed for use in learning and teaching activities (Chung et al., 2012). They also provide a variety of interaction methods between instructors and learners to facilitate the learning process better, You must remember well-designed LMS could also help improve student skills, such as effective online learning and self-direction (Norouzi, 2014). Students could use the system to enhance performance (perceived usefulness), and they could use such systems with little effort (perceived ease of use) (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000). A majority of higher education institutions have incorporated LMS systems; they have been used in university systems by schools, faculty members, and instructors (Klobas & McGill,. 2010), Because so much of higher education has been focused on course delivery Chapter3 INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY i 71 in a physical classroom, the implementation of an LYS has a;ded institutons in transitioning to new online universe of curriculum de!ivery (Georgou!i, & Guerre. 2NS). Repositories, central databases, and online meeting 'oations are all characteristcs of a management system. As a concept, a 'earning management system is a broad idea and an example of technology's inabifity to be specific in terms of a definition. Several requirements a generat overview of what constitutes a leaming management system, such as those listed above Finally, end-user access is also a part of a learning management system with various levels being set up by security. For example, students have read-onty access, faculty members have read and write access, and technical staff has complete access for support and administrative duties (Graf & Chien, 2009). At its core, a learning management system contains internal or Web-based support and management for numerous aspects of learning and teaching (Hiary & Abu-Shawar, 2009). This allows access from numerous locales, usually on a 24-hour basis. When looking at a university or college, this concept begins to grow greatly depending on the organization's size and scope; department, and degree program. Leaming management systems also go by other names such as course management systems, and their use goes beyond higher education institutions to include businesses and individual instructors. Meis)ar-Tal, Kurtz, and Pieterse (2012) mentioned three primary purposes of an CMS. They include the following: 1. to provide students with digital learning materials; 2. to employ interactive learning activities with students in the forums; and 3. to manage the course and the learners. Faculty members who use an LMS to make available lecture notes and other classroom resources for their face-to-face class create a web-enhanced classroom experience. Regardless of its usage, requirements for classification as a learning management system include several key concepts like the availability of assets over networks, providing hosting, administration. and support. With the requirements set, utilization becomes the focal point. A fully utilized learning management system looks at use at the student level, faculty level, and administration level. proper utilization of learning management systems should mirror traditional higher education goals, enhancing students' experiences. For learninä management systems, this creates a central hub for a class activity. For some classes, all activities work in the learning management system, while others only use its resources for select activities.

Select all the numbers that can be used as a common denominator to rewrite the fractions __ 2 6 and __ 1 2 . A 3 D 12 B 6 E 16 C 8 2 Aaron ran __ 5 8 mile to his friend’s house. Then he ran another __ 1 4 mile to the park. 1 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 4 Which equation shows how many miles Aaron ran? A __ 5 8 – __ 1 4 = __ 2 8 C __ 5 8 + __ 1 4 = __ 7 8 B __ 5 8 – __ 1 4 = __ 3 8 D __ 5 8 + __ 1 4 = __ 8 8 3 Select all the expressions that can be used to find the sum of __ 6 8 and ___9 12. A ___ 36 48 + ___ 36 48 D ___ 18 20 + ___ 17 20 B ___ 24 36 + ___ 27 36 E ___ 18 24 + ___ 18 24 C ___ 14 16 + ___ 13 16 4 Write a pair of equivalent fractions for __ 3 4 and __ 2 5 using a common denominator of 20. __ 3 4 = __ 2 5 = 5 Katie spent __ 4 5 hour painting and __ 1 2 hour drawing. ? 1 1 2 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 How much more time in hours did she spend painting than drawing? 6 Dave is planting a garden. He plants cucumbers in ___2 12 of his garden and tomatoes in __ 2 3 of his garden. What fraction of his garden does Dave plant with cucumbers and tomatoes? 7 Of the students in Maria’s class, __ 2 5 have dogs and __ 1 3 have cats. No students have both a dog and a cat. What fraction represents how many more students in Maria’s class have dogs? 52 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Module 6 • Form A Name Module Test DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through "File info" CorrectionKey=NL-C 9 Mr. Gonzales used __ 3 4 quart of broth and __ 1 2 quart of milk to make soup. How many quarts of liquid did he use? Part A Complete the fraction model to represent the problem. 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 4 Part B Write an equation to show how many quarts of liquid Mr. Gonzales used to make soup. 10 A bowl of cereal contains __ 2 3 cup of oats and __ 2 8 cup of raisins. Write a numerical expression using equivalent fractions with a common denominator of 24 to model how many more cups of oats than raisins there are in the bowl. 11 Jessica read __ 1 6 of her book on Thursday, __ 2 9 of her book on Friday, and __ 1 2 of her book on Saturday. Part A Write a numerical expression using equivalent fractions to model how much of her book she has read so far. Part B What fraction of her book has Jessica read?

Home furnishings include the furniture, appliances and accessories found in your home. The furnishing should fit the needs of the family, it should be adequate for family activities. and arrange for maximum convenience. In selecting furniture, suited for your family here are some factors to take into account: a. The use of furniture – the furniture should be suitable for their intended use. b. The suitability of the furniture with other furnishings - select pieces of furniture which give a pleasant effect when grouped with other furniture. c. The availability of space in the room – furniture must be placed in such a manner that they do not block entry or passageway. d. The material used to make the furniture. - It is considered a good buy when it is made of durable materials. e. Maintenance of furniture –for practical reason, furniture with intricate designs need more cleaning time as compared with the simple one. I am sure that you are eager to learn more about home furnishings continue reading and keep your focus.

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