Which States border Georgia?

The belief that powers that are not expressly given to the national government belong to the state. States can put their interests and laws over the federal governments.

Georgia Congressmen Robert Toombs, Alexander Stephens and Howell Cobb convinced the people of Georgia and other southern states to support the Compromise of 1850 if the Fugitive Slave act was added and accepted by the northern states. This prevented the south from seceding from the union for 11 years.

Lincoln speech that honored the fallen soldiers in the single bloodiest battle in U.S. history . The speech focused on equality of all people ( including slaves) and encouraged the northern soldiers to continue the fight.

What were the Union advantages during the Civil War

Who was the commander at Andersonville Prison that executed for the war crime of "excessive cruelty" because 13,000 men died at the prison of starvation and disease under his command

The action of states breaking away or separating themselves from the Union.

When the democratic party's vote was split, resulting in Abraham Lincoln ( a republican) becoming president. South Carolina seceded as a result.

What were two main causes of the Civil War?

Southern states (especially South Carolina) believed that they had the right to judge federal laws unconstitutional and therefore not enforce them, so they threatened to secede from the union in 1832 because they didn't wan to honor the federal tariff on imported goods.

Senator from Georgia who supported the Compromise of 1850 by organizing the Georgia Platform.. Later became the Vice President of the Confederacy.

Allowing the citizens to vote to decide on issues. This was used in the Kansas Nebraska Act.

Act that forced northerners and the federal government to return run away slaves to their owners in the south..

Abraham Lincoln was a member of this newly created party which carried him to the presidency in 1860. The party was against slavery.

Two major campaigns fought in Georgia.

Sherman's series of battles and attacks which led him to capture the city of Atlanta... the union soldiers destroyed railroads, businesses and burned Atlanta to the ground. 1864

Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia where Sherman scorched the land. He off confederate supplies received by the sea which destroyed the Southern economy and morale, and lead to Southern surrender.

Battle south of Chattanooga, Tn that the Confederates ( Southern states) won. It boosted the southerns morale nut led to the north capturing Chattanooga. It was the second bloodiest battle of the Civil War with over 34,000 casualties. The battle was the largest ever fought in the state of Georgia

Bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War near Sharpsburg Maryland outside of Washington D.C. . Union victory which led Abraham Lincoln to create the Emancipation proclamation.

American President elected in 1860; President throughout the Civil War; first Republican candidate to win election as

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Lincoln gave this speech in 1863, and the core of the speech was declaring that all men are created equal and quoted the Declaration of Independence. He was also talked about spreading democracy by achieving the abolition of slavery.

Main Confederate general. Led the Army of Northern Virginia in the battles of Gettysburg and Antietam. Signed the South's Surrender to the Union At Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.

One of the major causes of the American Civil War; belief that the interests of a state take precedence over (more important than) those of the national government

Legislation that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. These soon to be states would decide whether or not they would have slavery through popular sovereignty. This act also ended the Missouri Compromise.

Altercations between pro and anti slavery residents ( John Brown and sons) of Kansas that led to many deaths.

Compromise to keep the balance in congress between free and slave states, Missouri comes in as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Slavery is prohibited north of the southern border of Missouri 36'20 line.

Agreement between northern and southern states that California would be admitted as a free state, slave trading in the District of Columbia would end, Texas would give up its claim to New Mexico, and the Fugitive Slave Act was enacted.

Slave whose case went to the U.S. Supreme Court; argued that he was free because his owner had moved him to a free state; U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the owner ruling that slaves were not citizens and could not sue.

Legal theory that states had the right to invalidate (not follow or enforce) any law they believed to be unconstitutional- South Carolina Nullified the High Tarriff laws.

laws passed in the south just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to take advantage of African American workers (kept blacks in a slave type environment and lifestyle)

Union general that led the March to the Sea and the burning of Atlanta during 1864

The most famous ,bloodiest and costliest battle of the Civil War. July 1-3 1863

Document issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that declared freedom for all slaves in states that were still in rebellion against the Union if they did not surrender; took effect on

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Northern war strategy; close off southern ports to keep the south from exporting and importing goods. Also called the Anaconda plan.

the Civil War battle that was a Union attempt to capture the important railroad center near Chattanooga. The south won this battle and it boosted their morale but the Union advanced and took over Chattanooga.

The Confederate Civil War Prison where thousands of Union soldiers died. It was the most notorious prison camp of the Civil War. conditions were similar to that of a concentration camp as prisoners died of starvation, disease, insect attacks and polluted drinking water.

The political party that opposed slavery.

basis of the economy in the North during the Civil War

Confederate plan to trade cotton with Europe

Basis of the south's economy- especially Cotton

Missoinary camps set up along the barrier islands to spread Catholicism to Native Americans. the missionstried to convert, educate, and change the Native Americans into Spanish colonial citizens.

Spanish: 1st European to explore what is now Georgia and the southeastern region of the United States. Treated Native Americans poorly Looking for wealth & riches but never found any., He traded with natives and brought Catholic priests to convert natives to Christianity.

His soldiers brought diseases, such as Small Pox, which killed large amounts of Native Americans and forced them to become catholic Christians.

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God, Glory, Gold

Mercantilism and settlements for those who were persecuted because of their religion. Native Americans did not trust English and established treaties for land.

Gold, converting natives to Christianity and land. Had horrible relationships with Native Americans.

Natural resources like fur and wood. French set up many Trading posts and had good relationships with the Native Americans.

Economic system where you export more than you import. Basically England used raw materials from the New World so they could manufacture goods. These goods could then be sold to other countries and back to its colonies.

Established Georgia because his friend died in debtors prison. Oglethorpe work for prison reform and suggest a colony for "unfortunate but worthy individuals". He was the only trustee to actually go to the Georgia colony and help it get established.

the document that formally established the colony of Georgia; outlines the reasons for Georgia's founding ( philanthropy, economics, Defense) and the regulations set up by the trustees.

Catholics, slaves , Jews, liquor, and lawyers.

the time period when Georgia was governed by the trustees. The trustees created many regulations. This is also the period when:

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Crops people in the GEORGIA colony grew during the TRUSTEE PERIOD.

(July 7, 1742)-The decisive battle during the War of Jenkins Ear - Georgia colonist stopped a Spanish invasion of St. Simmons Island.

Translator for Oglethorpe & Indians; fur trader and business woman; used her connections to the British and Native Americans to get land and to help with communication, trading, and help keep peace.

Allowed Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff; advised Oglethorpe on Indian affairs, chief of the Yamacraw (a Yamacraw Chief) helped Oglethorpe to choose the location for his first settlement (Savannah)

Early immigrants to the Georgia colony Per Oglethorpe, settled Darien, Ga. They were fierce fighters who helped defend the Georgia border from the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

They were unhappy Georgia Colonists that paid for their own trip to Georgia. They were unhappy because they wanted rum and to purchase more land for plantations and slaves. Resented the British trustees rules and regulations because they did not have the same freedoms as the South Carolina colonists.

Early immigrants to Georgia who were originally banned from the Georgia colony, but were invited to Georgia because they needed more doctors due to the Yellow Fever outbreak. Dr. Samuel Nunes cured many people with the disease. The created Georgia's oldest congregation and the third oldest in the country.

Left Austria in the 1730's due to religious reasons. The original settlement of Ebenezer failed largely because of its poor location. But New Ebenezer Contributed to the Georgia colony because of silk and rice production.

Oglethorpe grew unhappy with the problems in Georgia and malcontents who wanted slavery, rum, and gambling. Returned to England in 1750.

Georgia was ruled during this time (1752-1776) by 3 Royal Governors: John Reynolds, Henry Ellis, and James Wright.

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Colonial Georgia's first royal governor who introduced self government and was removed from office because he failed to get along with the colonial assembly.

second royal governor; He built up defense, established parishes and was popular with the colonists, but he left after three years for health reasons

Colonial Georgia's final and longest serving royal governor who expanded Georgia and allowed Georgia to prosper, but had to leave Georgia because of they American Revolution. Wright was on the wrong side of the American Revolution!!

Order from King George II that forbade the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. Angered all states EXCEPT Georgia

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War between England and France for control of Ohio River Valley area. The British win in 1763 but it

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1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.

How the British responded to (punish) the colonists of Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party. Allowed British citizens to live in colonists' homes, closed Boston Harbor, cancelled the Massachusetts's royal charter, and allowed British officials to be tried for crimes in England instead of the colonies.

Tax on all legal documents, permits, and paper goods. Angered the colonists because they did not want "taxation without representation" in the British government.

introduction of Declaration of Independence explains to the reader about the natural rights of all persons, states the reasons for the document, and includes the famous quote "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

A list of complaints about the British King (King George III) in the 2nd part of Declaration of Independence. "For quartering large bodies of armed troops around us" "For cutting off our trades with all parts of the world" "For imposing taxes on us without our consent"

the final part of declaration of Independence where where the colonists officially severe (break) ties from Great Britain, their mother country.

Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence. All of them have counties named after them next to each other in location.

A colonist who supported the England and did not want to break away from England during the American Revolution. Most were landowners and influential people in Georgia Colony. Georgians needed England's protection against the native Americans and they needed England for trade.

A group of Georgia radical patriots who protested English rule

A colonist who wanted independence from England during the American Revolution. Patriots were outnumbered by the Loyalists at first in the Georgia colony. However, as other colonies experienced Britain's wrath after multiple Tea Parties and the Intolerable Acts ( Quarting act) many changed their mind.

A Revolutionary War battle where the patriots were defeated while trying to retake the city of Savannah.The British controlled Savannah until the end of the war in 1782.

A Revolutionary War battle in Georgia. The patriots were able to take many weapons and horses from the British. Elijah Clarke led Georgia militia. This victory boosted the morale of the patriots and protected the back country of Georgia.

The Federal Government was too weak because it could not collect taxes or regulate trade between states. There was No executive or judicial branches;Each state had its own currency;All 13 states had to approve a law for it to pass; and,One vote per state no matter the size of the state's population.

Georgians who signed US Constitution ( Abraham BALDwin had FEW hairs so they had to make a compromise as a hat. The georgians played a role with slavery in getting the 3/5s compromise passed and the Great compromise

"The supreme law of the land." Written in 1787 at Philadelphia Convention to replace Articles of Confederation and create stronger central government. Outlines structure & power of 3 branches ( legislative, executive, and judicial) of national government.

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

The first ten amendments to the Constitution created to give citizens rights.

The waterfalls made it possible to power factories with hydroelectric power

Three border rivers in Georgia

Shore Line of the Ancient Ocean, Separates the Piedmont from the Coastal Plain

Principal Chief of the Cherokee Indians who tried to use legal means ( like Worcester vs. GA) to fight against Indian removal. He decided to leave GA on the trail of tears with last of the Cherokees.

A supreme court case which ruled that the Cherokee were a sovereign nation and were not under the jurisdiction of the United States or the state of Georgia. Nonetheless, this ruling did not protect the Cherokee from removal as President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce it!

Native Americans that lived in North Georgia who assimilated to the white culture in order to keep their land. They were still removed because Andrew Jackson made treaties with small chief's and ignored Worcester vs Georgia.

region of rolling foothills where Atlanta and Stone mountain are located. Holds 60% of Georgia's population.

•Located in the NE corner

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Method used to distribute land; white men, orphans, and widows were allowed to buy tickets. Widows were able to get more chances.

Method used to distribute land to whites men considered to be head of the family.

Site of America's first gold rush in 1828; discovery of gold in the area led to the forced removal of Cherokee Indians (Trail of Tears)

Region with tall peaks and low valleys. It is home to Dalton, GA the carpet capital of the world. Apples, Wheat and cotton grow near forests and pastures.

Smallest of Georgia's regions in the northwestern corner of the state; contains the only fossil fuel deposits (coal) in the state. Also called the TAG corner and is home to Cloudland Canyon and Lookout Mountain.

low, flat land that runs along a coast- Savannah is in the Coastal plain and lots of agricultural products like Vidalia onions, Peaches and Peanuts grow there. Okefenokee swamp and Barrier Islands are here.

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields

center of railroad traffic in the South ( rail road hub)

Native American tribe that lived in southern Georgia; was removed from the state through treaties in the 1820s by crooked chiefs.

Creek Chief who signed the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1825, which gave all remaining Creek lands in Georgia to the federal government. He was killed by his people for breaking Native American law.

inventor of the Cherokee Syllabary (written language)

President who signed the Indian Removal Act and went against the Supreme court decision in Worcester vs Georgia.

Georgia's third capital; moved because Georgia's population continued move westward.

First land grant university created by Abraham Baldwin; meant to educate all white men regardless of whether rich or poor.

Georgia legislators were bribed in 1795 to sell most of the land now making up the state of Mississippi.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; ruled in Worcester v. Georgia that Cherokee territory was not subject to Georgia state law and that Cherokees were a sovereign(independent) nation.

Poor african american and white farm laborers after the civil war that owned their own tools, animals, and other equip, but rented land from landowners.

A person ( usually poor) who rented land and tools from a landowner and paid the rent by giving the landowner a share of the crops he harvested. Often the were not enough to pay the debt so the sharecropper rarely made any money and continued to owe the landowner. ( kept black in slavery like conditions)

President Andrew Johnson, was extremely easy

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After the Civil War, a group who favored harsher punishments for the South, were against having high-ranking CSA officials in Congress and tried to impeach President Johnson for abuse of power .

Congressional Reconstruction of Southern states that refused to ratify (approve) the 14th amendment. The South was placed under the authority of Congress. and had to pass the 14th amendment in order to be readmitted into the Union. But the KKK and other southerns still refused so congress added the Reconstruction Act of 1867 and split the south into five military districts in which the army oversaw.

abolished slavery

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. Required equal protection under the law.

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ( basically gave al males the right to vote!!)

One of the first African Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868; however he was expelled from his position on the grounds he could vote but could not hold office, according to the Georgia Constitution.

Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after Civil War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education. Set up black colleges like Clark-Atlanta University and Morehouse College (where Dr. MLK graduated).

1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions

Georgia is located in the southeastern region of the United States, on the continent of North America. Georgia is located in the western hemisphere (west of Prime Meridian) and the northern hemisphere (north of Equator).

Georgia is divided into 5 Physiographic Regions: Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau.

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One of the largest freshwater wetlands (swamp) in North America (largest freshwater wildlife refuge).

Makes up most of the western border with Alabama, Water source for the state

a boundary in Georgia where the higher land of the Piedmont drops to the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain

Hernando set up Spanish Mission here. It protects the state from strong storms and it is important to the tourism of GA. Also houses industries such as paper production and seafood.

A major river in Georgia that serves as the South Carolina border. It is important to shipping, and along which the first English settlements in Georgia were located.

the last major prehistoric Native American period in Georgia ; known for being large scale farmers and mound builders with wattle and daub homes. Europeans arrived during this period and brought disease and written language.

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the north made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, Atlanta. Georgia's Capitals kept moving west as the state acquired more land from Native Americans and the population moved west to farm and settle the land.

commander at Andersonville Prison

the democratic party's vote was split, resulting in Abraham Lincoln ( a republican) becoming president. South Carolina seceded as a result.