A type of weld testing that uses X-rays to penetrate through the weld to show an image of the internal structure of the joint.

The distance from the welding electrode to the base metal.

Breaks in the consistency of a welded bead.

A poorly shaped weld bead, including improper contour, undercut, and overlap.

A rating that indicates how long a welding machine can be used at a given output current without damaging it.

A coating on an electrode that reacts chemically in the heat of the arc, using up the oxygen in the vicinity of the weld to create an oxygen-free shield of gas around the molten weld pool.

Welding performed in any welding position other than the flat position.

Blending of the weld pool with the sidewalls of the joint.

The rate of forward motion during welding.

The first weld bead in a multiple-pass weld, placed directly in the joint between the plates.

A severe, unacceptable discontinuity that is sharp at the edges, concentrating points of stress.

A document that outlines the parameters or conditions of a welding certification test

Lenses in welding helmets that are triggered to darken by the welding flash.

Waste matter produced during the SMAW process.

A type of electrode that contains a thin flux that burns away rapidly, providing deep penetration and a moderate amount of fill. It is preferred for out- of-position welding.

A type of electrode with a heavy iron powder flux. The flux increases the deposition rate and produces a thick, easily removed slag that promotes the formation of a very smooth bead. Also called cover rod.

A weld bead pattern created by repeated electrode motion.

Poor tie-in, so that the outside edge of the welded bead is concave or recessed.

A type of electrode that provides a moderate deposition rate and produces beads with uniform ripple patterns. These electrodes are used on sheet metal because they minimize warpage.

A weld discontinuity in which blending does not occur between the weld metal and joint faces or adjoining weld beads.