Skitch 3: “The Restaurant Mix-Up”

Starter p91 sb 1-Make sure you switch off the lights before (leave) the room. (Correct the verb) leaving 2-Some parents don’t let their children (go out) at night on their own. (correct the verb). go out 3- I stopped near a shop ( get ) some water. (correct the verb) to get Starter

Directions: Answer using your notes and thoughts…anything but other people in the room. 1. What is the purpose of sketching? 2. What are some common uses of sketching? What are the advantages of sketching? 3. Describe a pictorial sketch Practice thumbnail sketching by drawing in the boxes below or on a separate sheet of paper. (Your Shoe) (A School Bus) (Your Favorite Fruit) (Free Choice)

rural- (adj) relating to farm areas and life in the country syn- countrified, pastoral 16. substantial- (adj) large, important; major, significant; prosperous; not imaginary, material syn- considerable, tangible, big 17. tactful- (adj) skilled in handling difficult situations or people, polite syn- skillful, discrete 18. tamper- (v) to interfere with; to handle in a secret and improper way syn- monkey with, fool with, mess with 19. ultimate- (adj) last, final; most important or extreme; eventual; basic, fundamental syn- farthest, furthest, terminal 20. uncertainty- (n) doubt, the state of being unsure syn- doubtfulness, unsurenessanecdote- (n) a short account of an incident in someone’s life syn- tale, sketch, vignette, yarn 2. consolidate- (v) to combine, unite; to make solid or firm syn- strengthen, firm up, merge 3. counterfeit- (n) an imitation designed to deceive; (adj) not genuine, fake; (v) to make an illegal copy syn- (adj) fake, phony, bogus 4. docile- (adj) easily taught, led, or managed; obedient syn- manageable, teachable, pliant 5. dominate- (v) to rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height syn- govern, overlook 6. entreat- (v) to beg, implore, ask earnestly syn- plead, appeal to 7. fallible- (adj) capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate syn- errant, flawedfickle- (adj) liable to change very rapidly, erratic, marked by a lack of constancy or steadiness, inconsistent syn- inconstant, faithless 9. fugitive- (n) one who flees or runs away; (adj) fleeting, lasting a very short time; difficult to grasp syn- (n) deserter; (adj) elusive 10. grimy- (adj) very dirty, covered with dirt or soot syn- filthy, sooty, soiled, dirt-encrusted 11. iota- (n) a very small part or quantity syn- speck, dab, job, bit, smidgen 12. maul- (v) to beat or knock about, handle roughly; to mangle; (n) a heavy hammer syn- (v) manhandle, batter 13. potential- (adj) possible, able to happen; (n) something that can develop or become a reality syn- (n) possibility, capability 14. radiant- (adj) shining, bright; giving forth light or energy syn- glowing, brilliant, dazzling, resplendent

CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION What is it? Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (a simple sugar) and other organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which powers cell activities. Overall equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⟶ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy) Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) • Where it happens: Cytoplasm (outside mitochondria) • What happens: o One molecule of glucose (6 carbons) is split into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons each). o 2 ATP are used to start the process. o 4 ATP are produced (net gain = 2 ATP). o 2 NADH (electron carriers) are also produced. Summary of glycolysis products per glucose: • 2 ATP (net gain) • 2 NADH • 2 Pyruvate 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) (in the mitochondrial matrix) • Where it happens: Mitochondrial matrix • What happens: o Each pyruvate (3C) is converted to acetyl-CoA (2C) before entering the cycle. o Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate (4C) to form citric acid (6C). o Through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions, citric acid is broken down, releasing CO₂, ATP, NADH, and FADH₂. Summary of Krebs Cycle products (per 2 pyruvates): • 2 ATP • 6 NADH • 2 FADH₂ • 4 CO₂ (exhaled as waste) 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) & Oxidative Phosphorylation (in the inner mitochondrial membrane) • Where it happens: Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) • What happens: o NADH and FADH₂ donate high-energy electrons to proteins in the ETC. o As electrons move through the chain, protons (H⁺) are pumped across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. o This gradient powers ATP synthase, which makes lots of ATP (like a turbine powered by flowing water). o Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and hydrogen to form water (H₂O). Summary of ETC products: • About 34 ATP • H₂O Total Energy Yield from One Glucose (Aerobic Respiration) • Glycolysis → 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle → 2 ATP • ETC → ~34 ATP Total: ~38 ATP (usually 36 in eukaryotes due to energy costs) Anaerobic Respiration (When Oxygen is Absent) If oxygen is not available, cells switch to fermentation: • Alcoholic Fermentation (yeast & some bacteria): pyruvate → ethanol + CO₂ • Lactic Acid Fermentation (muscles & some bacteria): pyruvate → lactic acid These processes only make 2 ATP per glucose, much less efficient than aerobic respiration. Key Takeaway: Cellular respiration is like the cell’s power plant: glycolysis breaks glucose into smaller pieces, the Krebs cycle extracts more high-energy electrons, and the ETC uses those electrons to generate the bulk of ATP. Oxygen is essential for the final step, which is why we need to breathe to stay alive.

Energy is very useful to us. We have proved it in our previous lessons. But do you know that, energy can also be harmful? Yes, energy can harm or cause different health problems if we expose ourselves too much to it. Too much exposure to the bright light of the sun and other artificial lights can cause… a. damage to our eyes that may lead to blindness b. skin allergies that may lead to skin cancer c. sunburn We can prevent the above health problems by… a. avoiding looking directly to the source of bright light such as the sun. b. wearing hat or using umbrella when going out of the house during the hottest part of the day which is from 10 am to 2 pm. c. putting on sunblock to protect your skin Too much heat can cause… a. dehydration or loss of body fluids because of perspiration b. burns These can be prevented by… a. drinking plenty of water b. using pot holders when handling hot objects SCIENCE 2 – MODULE 6 SEIBO COLLEGE 29 Too much exposure to loud sounds can cause… a. hearing difficulty that may lead to deafness b. nervousness We can avoid these health problems if… a. we talk softly especially when the person we are talking to is near us b. we avoid places which have loud sounds. Electrical energy can give us a comfortable life, but it can cause great danger to us. So to avoid accidents that may harm us in handling electrical devices we need to practice safety precautions. Below is a list of the things that we should do. Study it carefully. Safety Precautions in Handling Electrical Devices 1. Never play with live wires and electrical plug. 2. Never touch any electrical device with wet hands. 3. Do not overload electrical sockets. 4. Do not play or insert things especially metals into electrical outlets. 5. Never play with the switch of any electrical device

Elabore un cuestionario con 10 preguntas con opciones múltiples de 3 respuestas acerca de C++, que evalue ciclos IF, For, Whiles, Do y Switch

1. anecdote- (n) a short account of an incident in someone’s life syn- tale, sketch, vignette, yarn 2. consolidate- (v) to combine, unite; to make solid or firm syn- strengthen, firm up, merge 3. counterfeit- (n) an imitation designed to deceive; (adj) not genuine, fake; (v) to make an illegal copy syn- (adj) fake, phony, bogus 4. docile- (adj) easily taught, led, or managed; obedient syn- manageable, teachable, pliant 5. dominate- (v) to rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height syn- govern, overlook 6. entreat- (v) to beg, implore, ask earnestly syn- plead, appeal to 7. fallible- (adj) capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate syn- errant, flawed

Cablul UTP este mufat de obicei cu un conector RJ-45 specificat de ISO 8877. Acest conector este utilizat pentru o gamă de specificații ale layer-ului fizic, unui dintre ele este Ethernet. Standardul TIA/EIA 568 descrie codurile de culoare ale firelor pentru pinout-urile cablurilor Ethernet. Video-ul din Figura 1 afișează cablul UTP terminat cu un conector RJ-45. Așa cum se arată în Figura 2, conectorul RJ-45 este componenta masculină, cu fibră încrețită la capătul cablului. Priza reprezintă componenta mamă a unui dispozitiv de rețea, a peretelui sau a patch panel-ului. De fiecare dată când cablarea de cupru este terminată, există posibilitatea pierderii semnalului și introducerea zgomotului în circuit de comunicație. Atunci când nu se termină corespunzător, cablul reprezintă o sursă potențială pentru degradarea performanței layer-ului fizic. Este esențial ca toate terminațiile mediului din cupru să fie calitative pentru a asigura o performanță optimă cu tehnologiile curente și viitoare. Figura 3 afișează un exemplu de terminare necorespunzătoare pentru cablul UTP și un cablu UTP terminat corect. Tipuri de Cablu UTP Situațiile diferite necesită cabluri UTP care să fie în conformitate cu convențiile de cablare. Asta înseamnă că firele individuale din cablu trebuie conectate în ordini diferite la seturi diferite de pini din conectorii RJ-45. Următoarele reprezintă tipuri principale de cablu care sunt obținute prin utilizarea unor anumite convenții de cablare: • Cablu Ethernet directCel mai obișnuit tip de cablare din domeniul rețelisticii. Este utilizat de obicei pentru a interconecta un host la un switch și un switch la un router. • Cablu Ethernet inversorUn cablu neobișnuit utilizat pentru a interconecta echipamente similare. De exemplu, switch la switch, host la host sau router la router. • Cablu rolloverUn cablu deținut de Cisco utilizat pentru conectarea la un port de consolă al switchului sau routerului. Folosirea incorectă a unui cablu inversor sau direct nu poate defecta echipamentele, dar nu va avea loc conectivitatea și comunicarea între echipamente. Aceasta este o eroare obișnuită din laboratoare, iar primul pas din depanare este să verificăm dacă conexiunile echipamentului sunt corecte. Figura arată tipul cablului UTP, standardele și utilizarea tipică a acestor cabluri. De asemenea, identifică și perechile de fire individuale pentru standardele TIA 568A ȘI TIA 568B. Testarea Cablurilor UTP După instalare, ar trebui utilizat un tester pentru cablurile UTP pentru a testa următorii parametri: • Harta firelor • Lungimea cablului • Pierderea de semnal din cauza atenuării • Crosstalk Nu este recomandată verificarea amănunțită

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