Question 1

"According to the unidimensional model, the goal of acculturation is ______, while the bimendional model asserts that _________ of two cultures is also possible".

Accepted Answer

assimilation / integration

Answer

integration / separation

Answer

separation / integration

Answer

integration / assimilation

Question 2

Which was NOT one of the findings of the study carried out by Lueck & Wilson?

Accepted Answer

Participants who spoke fluent English had lower acculturation stress

Answer

The majority of participants experienced acculturation stress

Answer

Participants from families which held differing values had higher acculturation stress

Answer

Participants who had more financial opportunities had lower acculturation stress

Question 3

What research method was used in the study carried out by Lueck & Wilson?

Accepted Answer

Semi-structured interview

Answer

Survey

Answer

Structured interview

Answer

Observational study

Question 4

According to the bi-dimensional model of acculturation, an immigrant who values their heritage culture, and has little interest in relationships with the larger society, will adopt which acculturation strategy?

Accepted Answer

Separation

Answer

Marginalization

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Integration

Question 5

Which statement about acculturation is false?

Accepted Answer

Acculturation is the process in which an immigrant gives up their original culture and assimilates to their new culture

Answer

Psychologists mainly study acculturation on an individual level

Answer

Acculturation is the process of second-culture learning

Answer

Direct tuition, observational learning, and participatory learning are relevant for acculturation

Question 6

Which method of enculturation is closely linked to social cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Answer

Participatory learning

Answer

Cultural dimensions

Answer

Direct tuition

Question 7

What did Odden & Rochart observe about Samoan children's fishing skills?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of how to fish was acquired by observation

Answer

The Chief of every village taught children how to fish in a rite of passage ceremony

Answer

Knowledge of how to fish was acquired by guided participation

Answer

Children first practiced fishing together with their parents, and eventually acquired the ability to fish by themselves

Question 8

Which evaluation is correct for Odden & Rochart's study?

Accepted Answer

Both A and B

Answer

Neither A nor B

Answer

The study has high ecological validity

Answer

The study has low generalizability

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely be an emic study of behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A series of interviews to study how Koreans cope with bullying in their schools with the goal of developing strategies for Korean teachers to address bullying.

Answer

A survey to study the level of xenophobia (negative attitudes toward foreigners) in Canada, Norway, Hungary, Turkey and Australia.

Answer

A replication of the Asch conformity study in Saudi Arabia to compare the rate of conformity in Arab and US cultures.

Answer

Using MRI scans to look at the size of the hippocampus - the area of the brain responsible for memory consolidation - in victims of war around the world.

Question 10

Which of the following is a problem with carrying out emic research, but generally not a problem with etic research?

Accepted Answer

The research often cannot be replicated so it is not possible to determine the reliability of the findings.

Answer

Members of a culture may be suspicious of Western researchers coming in to study their culture.

Answer

It is difficult to find a sample that has not been exposed to the "globalized" community and thus represents the "authentic culture" of a group.

Answer

You must speak the language of the people that you are studying.

Question 11

What is the key difference between enculturation and acculturation?

Accepted Answer

Enculturation takes place in the culture you grow up in; acculturation is the result of interacting with another culture.

Answer

Enculturation happens through direct instruction; acculturation happens through observational learning.

Answer

Enculturation is a process that finishes by a person's early teens; acculturation is a life-long process.

Answer

The culture that is enculturated can never change.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of acculturative stress which might happen if you were to move to a new country?

Accepted Answer

You have diffculties learning the language of your new culture.

Answer

You start developing stereotyping about the new country's people and seeing them from a negative perspective.

Answer

You have strong longing for your home country or culture.

Answer

You have problems sleeping or have a general lack of energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a limitation of carrying out a naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

The participants are being deceived.

Answer

It is difficult to replicate and establish reliability.

Answer

Participants may leave the study.

Answer

It is not possible to control for confounding variables.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an advantage of collecting qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data is easier to analyse than quantitative data.

Answer

It is a  more holistic approach to studying an individual.

Answer

The data is very rich, giving a lot of information to the researcher.

Answer

Qualitative data is often naturalistic, studying an individual in their normal social context.

Question 15

George sees a Swedish tourist at his local restaurant.  He watches as the tourist  argues with the waiter about the bill.  When the tourist realizes that the mistake is his, and not the waiter’s, he does not apologize, but storms out of the restaurant. George thinks that all Swedish tourists are rude. Which theory or concept below explains what just happened?

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Grain of truth hypothesis

Answer

Informational social influence

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of deep culture:

Accepted Answer

Formal and informal styles of dress

Answer

The importance of religious beliefs in a culture

Answer

Attitudes towards divorce

Answer

Gender roles

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a quality of collective cultures?

Accepted Answer

Primarily focused on the success of one's immediate family

Answer

Personal sacrifices made to ensure that the group succeeds

Answer

Conformity to the decisions made by one's group

Answer

Co-operating with others is valued

Question 18

One criticism of Hofstede's cultural dimensions is that they may encourage cultural stereotyping.  Why might this be the case?

Accepted Answer

Cultural dimensions do not take into account individual differences between people in a given country

Answer

It is unclear if there are other cultural dimensions which have yet to be discovered

Answer

Hofstede only surveyed IBM employees, who may not be representative of everyone in their culture

Answer

Cultural dimensions do not convey the complexity of a country's history, religion, and belief system

Question 19

At High Tech Co., any employee can submit proposals for new strategic developments, and decision making takes place after a great deal of collaboration between relevant departments.  Which cultural dimension best reflects this?

Accepted Answer

Low power distance

Answer

Low masculinity

Answer

High power distance

Answer

High masculinity

Question 20

What research method was used by Hofstede to investigate cultural differences?

Accepted Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Lab experiment

Question 21

Which of the following is not a factor in social cognitive learning theory?

Accepted Answer

Being able to remember the actions of the model.

Answer

Paying attention to a model.

Answer

The model must be a member of the learner's in-group.

Answer

Having a motivation to replicate the behaviour.

Question 22

What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

When we see someone else get positive feedback and therefore imitate the behaviour.

Answer

When we get positive feedback and therefore continue a behaviour.

Answer

When we are exposed to something over time and learn through repetition.

Answer

When we get negative feedback and therefore stop a behaviour.

Question 23

According to Bandura, which of the following is not true about Social Cognitive Learning?

Accepted Answer

We are more likely to imitate a model if he does something that leads to a lucky outcome - like winning a prize.

Answer

We are more likely to imitate a model if we believe in our ability to succeed.

Answer

We are more likely to imitate a model if she is in our in-group.

Answer

We are more likely to imitate a model if we like him.

Question 24

How many independent variables were there in Bandura’s (1961) study?

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

4

Answer

2

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the study done on the island of St Helena?

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment

Answer

A quasi-experiment

Answer

A field experiment

Answer

A true experiment

Question 26

Which of the following examples of learning can only be explained by social cognitive theory, as opposed to earlier theories of learning?

Accepted Answer

Sally notices that two of the most popular girls in her year group got their naval pierced, so decides to get her naval pierced as well

Answer

Tom is called into the principal's office after he is caught smoking behind the school grounds, which convinces him keep a greater distance from school the next time he smokes

Answer

Jack gets a bonus for selling above his monthly target, which makes him work even harder to beat his target again next month

Answer

Mice which succesfully complete a maze, receiving cheese at the end of the maze, then are able to complete the maze faster the second time

Question 27

What are two important functions of the social self?

Accepted Answer

Identity and self-esteem

Answer

Positive distinctiveness and out-group homogeneity

Answer

In-group favoritism and out-group hostility

Answer

Identification and social comparison

Question 28

Which of the following is not a component of social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive learning theory

Answer

In-group bias and the tendency to use group identity to promote self-esteem.

Answer

Social categorization into in-groups and out-groups

Answer

Social comparison

Question 29

What were the findings of Tajfel & Turner’s “Kandinsky vs Klee” study?

Accepted Answer

The simple act of categorizing oneself as a member of a group led the boys to display in-group favoritism.

Answer

The boys began to show more competition when they believed that they were competing with an out-group, rather than against members of their in-group.

Answer

The boys' level of self-esteem increased as a result of being in their in-group.

Answer

The boys began to dislike members of the out-group.

Question 30

Which of the following is a limitation of Social Identity Theory?

Accepted Answer

The theory is not able to predict which social identity will most influence an individual's behaviour in a particular situation.

Answer

The studies were case studies and therefore cannot be replicated.  The studies have low reliability.

Answer

The theory is not falsifiable.

Answer

It has very few applications in the real world.

Question 31

In Tajfel's minimal group experiments, how did most participants divide money (or points) between their team and other teams?

Accepted Answer

They sought to maximize the difference in money (or points) between their team and other teams

Answer

They sought to minimize the difference in money (or points) between their team and other teams

Answer

They sought to maximise money (or points) for their own team

Answer

They sought to minimize money (or points) for the other teams

Question 32

At "first year orientation" in a university, students might ask each other which high school they graduated from.  Which process in social identity theory is this most related to?

Accepted Answer

Categorization

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Positive distinctiveness

Answer

Identification

Related quizzes

Related quizzes