Question 1

What major intellectual movements influenced changes in European society according to the text?

Accepted Answer

Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, French and Industrial Revolutions

Answer

Reformation, Humanism, Absolutism, Colonialism

Answer

Feudalism, Capitalism, Mercantilism, Socialism

Answer

Renaissance, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Realism

Question 2

What did humanism emphasize during the Renaissance?

Accepted Answer

Focus on human beings, their experiences, abilities, and achievements

Answer

Scientific explanations without questioning tradition

Answer

Social hierarchy and the church's dominance

Answer

Devotion to religious themes and divine authority

Question 3

What was the primary cause of the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The application of observation, experimentation, and reasoning to understand nature

Answer

The church's rejection of science

Answer

Increased reliance on superstition and religious dogma

Answer

A belief in divine explanations for natural phenomena

Question 4

What did Enlightenment thinkers believe about government and individual rights?

Accepted Answer

Government should protect individual rights like life, liberty, and property.

Answer

Monarchy is divinely sanctioned and unchangeable.

Answer

Common people should have no say in government.

Answer

Individual rights are secondary to state interests.

Question 5

What was Rousseau's view on inequality in society?

Accepted Answer

He believed private property and social institutions created inequality.

Answer

Only the wealthy have the right to govern.

Answer

All men are created equal by divine design.

Answer

Inequality is natural and should be upheld.

Question 6

What economic system did Adam Smith advocate for?

Accepted Answer

Laissez-faire capitalism

Answer

Feudalism

Answer

Socialism

Answer

Mercantilism

Question 7

What significant document did the National Assembly pass during the French Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Answer

The Magna Carta

Answer

The Bill of Rights

Answer

The Constitution of 1791

Question 8

What was a major impact of the French Revolution on societal structure?

Accepted Answer

Decentralization of power and the rise of the bourgeoisie

Answer

Increased power of the monarchy

Answer

Maintaining absolute monarchy and clerical power

Answer

Stronger feudal obligations for peasants

Question 9

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue regarding women's rights?

Accepted Answer

Women are denied equality and education due to societal conditions, not nature.

Answer

Women do not need education to fulfill domestic roles.

Answer

Women are naturally inferior and unfit for education.

Answer

Men should decide women's roles in society.

Question 10

What characterized the Industrial Revolution's shift from pre-industrial to industrial society?

Accepted Answer

Transformation to machine-based production and urbanization

Answer

Greater reliance on hand-made goods

Answer

Return to agrarian economies and small-scale production

Answer

Stagnation in labor conditions

Question 11

What key principle did Montesquieu advocate for in governance?

Accepted Answer

The separation of powers to prevent tyranny.

Answer

Unrestricted monarchy

Answer

Absence of government

Answer

Centralization of authority

Question 12

Which Enlightenment thinker emphasized the importance of individual rights and life, liberty, and property?

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Answer

Voltaire

Answer

Rousseau

Answer

Montesquieu

Question 13

During the Industrial Revolution, what was a key change in the structure of the economy?

Accepted Answer

A shift from agrarian economies to industrial economies dominated by mechanized production.

Answer

Greater local self-sufficiency

Answer

Increased agricultural labor

Answer

Return to cottage industries

Question 14

Who is recognized for popularizing the concept of the 'Invisible Hand' in economics?

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith

Answer

Thomas Hobbes

Answer

John Locke

Answer

Jeremy Bentham

Question 15

What was the primary aim of Enlightenment thinkers?

Accepted Answer

To apply reason and scientific methods to the study of society and politics.

Answer

To promote absolute monarchy

Answer

To reinforce religious authority

Answer

To maintain the status quo

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