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What is an earthquake? Would you be surprised to learn that several million earthquakes happen every year? Seriously. Most are so small in magnitude or size that we cannot even feel them. In fact, only 20 earthquakes are efficiently reported each year in the United States Geological Survey. Wow! That is a huge difference! The Earth has four major layers. Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Think of the crust and top of the mantle like the skin of the earth. This skin is made up of different pieces of rock called tectonic plates. There are about 15 major slabs that join together, kind of like a puzzle. The edges around the tectonic plates are called plate boundaries. These massive pieces of rock slide back and forth under the Earth's surface, bumping up against each other and creating a lot of tension. This tension and movement create faults, which are basically huge cracks in the rock. When the faults get stuck, they build up pressure. And when they get unstuck, you guessed it, an earthquake. So basically, an earthquake is caused by the shifting and sliding of tectonic plates on the Earth's upper mantle and crust. There are three ways that tectonic plates shift or slide. They are subduction, lateral sliding, and spreading. Subduction happens when plates crash into each other. This can cause one plate to slide under another and be destroyed. Or the edges of the plate may rise up and form mountains. Lateral sliding means that the plates slide alongside each other, which can create lots of friction. And like you might have guessed, spreading happens when plates move apart from each other. When they do, melted rock between the plates rises and cools, forming new crust. Here's an interesting fact. Nearly 90% of all earthquakes begin in the Pacific Ocean, in an area called the Ring of Fire. It's called the Ring of Fire because along with earthquakes, it's filled with many active volcanoes. More than 450! Earthquakes can be powerful enough to change the surface of the earth and can do a lot of damage. And sometimes earthquakes can even cause other natural disasters, like avalanches, landslides, and tsunamis. Pretty wild, right? The epicenter is the location of an earthquake on the Earth's surface. The closer you are to the epicenter, the more of the earthquake you will feel. Earthquakes lose intensity as they travel away from the epicenter. Scientists measure the intensity of an earthquake using a special device called a seismograph. Seismometers detect and measure the vibrations given off by an earthquake. Magnitude is the number given to record the size of an earthquake. For example, a magnitude 5.5 is considered moderate. Above 8.0 is considered a major earthquake and we see one every year or two. Earthquakes measured at 2.5 or less are usually not felt, but can be recorded. And believe it or not, there are millions that happen each year. You can make a model of a seismograph at home, and we are going to show you how. It's activity time! You can print off directions for this one on our website at learnbright.org. You'll need a cardboard box, string, a plastic cup, a marker, small heavy objects, a long strip of paper, and a friend because this is an activity for at least two people. Now comes the fun part. One friend shakes the box, alternating between hard and soft and slow and fast, while the other friend is pulling the strip of paper through the bottom. Watch the marker as it records the movement. This is exactly what a seismograph does during an earthquake. So, in a way, we have not only created our own seismograph, but our own earthquake as well. Now, we can analyze the data just like scientists. Can you tell how hard the box was shaking based on the line? Can you tell when it was barely shaking at all? You are on your way to becoming a seismologist. A seismologist is a person that studies earthquakes. It's pretty cool to watch the process, but it's even more exciting to do it yourself. You can head on over to our website to get detailed instructions for this activity. Just download the lesson plan and as always have fun! Hope you had fun learning with us! Visit us at learnbright.org for thousands of Hope you had fun learning with us! Visit us at learnbright.org for thousands of free resources and turnkey solutions for teachers and homeschoolers.

This funny story is about two friends. One is honest but foolish. The other is dishonest but fears law and police. Read about the foolishness they wanted to hide from everyone. of Prakash and Prasanna, who put up placards to tell the world what Prakash lived in a village near Agra. He was an honest man. One day, he found a gold ring on the road. He looked around and shouted loudly, "Whose gold ring is this?" Now, this ring had fallen off from a rich merchant's finger. Fortunately, the rich merchant was nearby and heard Prakash shout. He checked his finger and lo, his ring was missing! He quickly walked up to Prakash and looked at the ring. "Oh, my!" The merchant thought, 'this is my ring. So, he took it from Prakash and put it on his finger. The rich merchant was so impressed with Prakash's honesty that he gave him fifteen silver coins. Prakash had never seen so many silver coins before. He was very happy. At the same time, he was scared that someone might steal the silver coins. He thought he would keep them with a friend, but he realised that, that would not be safe, then he thought that he would put them in a purse and carry the purse with him wherever he went, but he realised that, that too would be unsafe! Suddenly, an idea struck him. He would hide the coins in his little garden! So, he dug a hole in hes ganken and hid the coins in it. He covered the coins with fresh mad. But still he w not at ease. He thought. What if someone comes into my garden and takes away the csins? He could not sleep the whole night. The thought of the coins being stolen nagged him How you think Prakash will be the sims safe? He thought and thinight, and an idea struck him. He went to the market and bought a brush and some paint. With the paint and the brush, he wrote the followitg wonds on a placard: NO MONEY IS HIDDEN HERE and put the placard near the hole where he had hidden the slver coins Some days later, Prasanna, Prakash's friend, came to visit him. He found the door locked and decided to have a stroll in the garden till Prakash came back There, he saw the writing on the placard. He was surprised. He wondered why Prakash had written these words. Soon, he knew the reason. He sat down and began to dig the mund. The mud was loose and soft. He dug out the fresh mud and pushed his hands into the hole. As he did this, his hands touched something hard and cold. He had found the coins! He took the coins and put them in his pockets. He wanted to run home, but realised that someone might find out that he had stolen the coins. The police would catch him and put him in jail. He began to feel anxious and scared Prasanna began to think. An idea flashed in his mind. He took the brush and paint that Prakash had left in the gardem and wrote something on a piece of paper and pasted it un the placard. This is what he wrote: I HAVE NOT STOLEN ANY MONEY FROM THE HOLE IN THE GARDEN ASIAMAN HONESTMAN PRASANNA....

**Tools and Equipment** * **Spatula:** Used for leveling ingredients and spreading fillings. * **Butter Knife:** Used for spreading butter, peanut butter, and cream cheese. * **Chef's Knives:** Come in various sizes, used for general cutting. * **Deli Knife:** Designed for thick sandwiches, with an offset blade for easy slicing. * **Lettuce Knife:** Serrated knife specifically designed for slicing lettuce. * **Paring Knife:** Small knife with a sharp blade, used for peeling and coring foods. * **Sandwich Knife:** Similar to a deli knife but shorter, used for slicing sandwiches. * **Serrated Knife:** Used for slicing bread with hard crusts and soft insides. * **Cutting Board:** A surface for cutting and preparing food. * **Mixing Bowls:** Used for mixing ingredients. * **Rubber Scraper:** Used for scraping down bowls and pans. * **Measuring Cups:** Used for measuring liquids and solids. * **Utility Tray:** Used for holding food in place. * **Strainer:** Used for separating liquids from solids. * **Mixing Spoon:** Used for combining ingredients. * **Can Opener:** Used for opening cans. * **Measuring Spoons:** Used for measuring small quantities of ingredients. * **Grills/Griddles:** Flat heated surfaces for direct cooking. * **Ovens:** Enclosed equipment for heating food with hot air or infrared radiation. * **Microwave Ovens:** Use microwave radiation to heat food. * **Salamanders:** Small broilers used for browning or glazing. * **Bread Toaster:** Used for toasting bread. * **Slicer:** Used for slicing food evenly. * **Chillers:** Used for chilling sandwiches and other foods. * **Freezer:** Used for storing food for extended periods. * **Refrigerator:** Used for storing food at a temperature below room temperature.

The Pedestrian (adapted) by Ray Bradbury Mr. Leonard Mead loved to walk outside at night. The city was quiet at eight o’clock on a misty November evening. He liked to put his hands in his pockets and stroll along the cracked sidewalks, stepping over grass that grew between the concrete. He would stop at the corners, look down the empty streets, and choose which way to go. It didn’t really matter which way he picked, because he was always alone in the year 2053. Sometimes, Mr. Mead would walk for hours and miles, coming home only at midnight. As he walked, he saw houses with their windows dark, like he was walking through a graveyard. Sometimes, he saw tiny flashes of light from behind curtains or heard soft voices from open windows. Mr. Mead wore sneakers so his footsteps wouldn’t make noise. If he wore shoes with hard heels, the dogs would bark and people might look out their windows. He liked being quiet and unnoticed as he walked in the cool November air. On this night, Mr. Mead walked west, toward the sea. The air was cold and frosty, making his nose sting and his lungs feel fresh. He listened to the sound of his shoes in the fallen leaves and sometimes picked up a leaf to look at it under the streetlights. As he walked, he whispered to the houses, “Hello in there. What’s on TV tonight? Where are the cowboys? Is the cavalry coming?” But the street was silent and empty, with only his shadow moving. He checked his watch. “Eight-thirty. Is it time for a quiz show? Or a funny show?” He thought he heard laughter from a house, but nothing else happened. He kept walking, sometimes stumbling over the broken sidewalk. In all his years of walking, he had never seen another person out at night. He reached a big intersection where two highways crossed. During the day, it was full of cars, but now it was empty and quiet, like a dry riverbed. Mr. Mead turned onto a side street, heading home. Suddenly, a police car turned the corner and shined a bright light on him. He stood still, surprised by the light. A metallic voice from the car said, “Stand still. Don’t move! Put up your hands!” Mr. Mead obeyed. The police car asked, “What’s your name?” “Leonard Mead,” he answered. “What’s your job?” “I guess I’m a writer,” Mr. Mead said. The police car replied, “No profession.” Mr. Mead hadn’t written anything in years, since people didn’t buy books or magazines anymore. People just stayed inside their houses, watching TV. The car asked, “What are you doing out?” “I’m walking,” Mr. Mead said. “Walking? Just walking?” the car repeated. “Yes,” he said. “Where are you walking? Why?” “For air. To see things,” Mr. Mead answered. “Your address?” “Eleven South Saint James Street.” “Do you have air in your house? An air conditioner?” “Yes.” “Do you have a TV?” “No.” “No?” The car was quiet for a moment. “Are you married?” “No,” Mr. Mead said. “Not married,” the car said. The night was cold and quiet. “Just walking, Mr. Mead?” “Yes.” “But why?” “I told you. For air, to see, and just to walk.” “Do you do this often?” “Every night for years.” The police car was silent for a moment. Then it said, “Get in.” The back door opened. “Wait, I haven’t done anything!” Mr. Mead protested. “Get in,” the car repeated. Mr. Mead looked into the car. There was no one inside, just an empty front seat. The back seat was like a small jail cell, cold and hard. “Where are you taking me?” he asked. The car answered, “To the Psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies.” Mr. Mead got in. The door closed, and the car drove away through the empty streets. As they passed his house, he saw that all the lights were on. “That’s my house,” he said, but no one answered. The car drove off into the night, leaving the streets empty and silent for the rest of the cold November night.

Hey, Dr. Binocs! Hey there. Hello, Dr. Binocs. Hello. Oh, hello! Friends, did you spot any kinda difference between these two? I'll give you 10 points if you do! No? Well, don't worry. I'll tell you how they are different from each other. But for that I need to tell you all about the Animal Kingdom! Come with me! Zoom in! The Animal Kingdom is divided into two groups. Invertebrates and Vertebrates. And today, we will talk about the invertebrates. Animals without a backbone are called Invertebrates. Which are further classified into.. Worms! Sea Jellies! Mollusks! Anthropods! And Sponges! Now, let us explore a little into their worlds! Worms! They have long, soft bodies with no legs. Oh, and two body openings. You've seen earthworms, right? If you haven't, rush to your nearest garden! Sea Jellies! Jellyfish is a good example here. They have soft and long stinging bodies. Stinging because they use their stingers to stun their prey.. ..before pulling them into their stomach. Mollusks! They have soft and warm bodies. Many of them have hard shells, like the snail. Other examples are Octopus and Squid. Anthropods! These animals form the largest group of the Invertebrates. They have their skeleton on the outside of their bodies. Creepy crawlies such as cockroaches, spiders are anthropods. Sponges! They generally live in saltwater and don't move from place to place. They filter nutrients and tiny organisms out of water, for food. TRIVIA TIME! The Invertebrates will eat almost anything that was or is alive. 97% of all animal species are invertebrates. Well, that keeps a very tiny space for the vertebrates. So do one thing, check this video out, to know more about them! So this is me zoooming out! Tune in next time, for more fun facts.

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