..., A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Policy introduced by Harry S. Truman after WWII that said the duty of the U.S. was to stop the spread of Totalitarianism (implying Communism); Defined the foreign policy for the period after WWII until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989

(1950-3) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Gen. Douglas MacArthur led UN forces and was later replaced by Gen. Ridgeway; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

(1961) the failed attempt of Cuban exiles backed by the U.S. to overthrow the Cuban socialist government of Fidel Castro

..., Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter's placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba.

(1954-1975) a prolonged war between the communist North Vietnam, supported by the Chinese, and the non-communist South Vietnam, supported by the US

1968, during Tet, the Vietnam lunar new year - Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked provincial capitals throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. U.S. opinion began turning against the war.

A period of 20 years, following World War Two, during which there was an unusual number of births.

In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in suburban New York to help relieve the postwar housing shortage. Levittown became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after WWII.

1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history

1950's, social change, televisions became the center of family entertainment and information

First televised presidential debate in 1960 watched by nearly 77 million Americans, or 60 percent of the adult population.

A social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts.

Became POTUS after the assassination of President Kennedy and vowed not to lose Vietnam to the communists.

In 1957, Sputnik 1 was launched into space by the Russians and became the 1st satellite to orbit the earth.

It expanded on Executive Order 8802 by establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all races, religions, or national origins.

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

(1954) Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that all public schools should be desegregated with all deliberate speed. "Separate can never be equal."

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

A letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested when he took part in a nonviolent march against segregation. He was disappointed more Christians didn't speak out against racism.

A speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the demonstration of freedom in 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial. It was an event related to the civil rights movement of the 1960's to unify citizens in accepting diversity and eliminating discrimination against African-Americans

- no discrimination on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

1964 - Miranda held that a person arrested for a crime must be advised of his right to remain silent and to have an attorney before being questioned by the police. Escobedo held that an accused can reassert these rights at any time, even if he had previously agreed to talk to the police.

JFK assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald was then shot by Jack Ruby when being transferred between jails. The Warren Commission was created to investigate the crime.

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

A program added to the Social Security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses.

(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success

Protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.

Freedom Riders rode in interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the ruling of unsegregated public places

Was founded in 1966 by feminists calling for equal employment opportunities and equal pay for women. also came to advocate an equal rights amendment, changes in divorce laws, and legalization of abortion.

Marching to block traffic, closed college campuses, burned draft cards, refused to serve in military

Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers.

(1962) Book written by Rachel Carlson that warned about the dangers of environmental destruction years before the government took notice of the problem.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; responsible for managing federal efforts to control air and water pollution, radiation and pesticide hazards, environmental research, hazardous waste, and solid-solid waste disposal.

1964; Republican contender against LBJ for presidency; platform included lessening federal involvement, therefore opposing Civil Rights Act of 1964. His Vice-Presidential candidate, William Miller, also made him appear very trigger happy, for he supported not just bombing North Vietnam, but nuking it to death. He was horrible with befriending voters, and lost by largest margin in history (39%)

Nixon won because turmoil at Democratic National Convention gave Democrats bad publicity; H. Humphrey didn't appeal to masses of Dem candidates

Soviet supported communist leader of China who gained control after WWII.

Private citizens built these (usually underground) shelters in hopes of providing their families shelter against potential Soviet nuclear attack.

Congress relied on the HUAC to identify and root out Communists in the federal government. The HUAC became famous for its investigation of State Department official, Alger Hiss, who accused of giving the Soviets secret U.S. documents in the 1930's. Hiss denied the charges, but was convicted and sent to prison for perjury.

Program to help assimilating U.S. war veterans back into society by providing money for education, training, housing, and other assistance.

Published by the New York Times, these papers exposed the executive branch had lied to Congress concerning the Vietnam War. These papers showed that the POTUS had taken unapproved military action and made secret decisions concerning the war.

Competition with the Soviet Union to gain the upper hand in space travel, technology, and exploration.

Provided aid for education geared toward boosting study in science, math, and foreign languages.

Leader of the Cuban Revolution that overthrew Fulgencio Batista in 1959. Castro executed more than 700 of his opponents and jails many others. Castro seized U.S. property in Cuba and aligned himself with the Soviet Union.

U.S. - Soviet relations were damaged when in 1960, a U.S. sky plane, a U-2, was shot down over the Soviet Union.

A chilling reminder of the Cold War that stood between East and West Berlin for more than a quarter century.