make subtle inferences and draw complex conclusions about the ideas in text and their organizational patterns
summarize the main ideas, supporting details, and relationships among ideas in text succinctly in ways that maintain meaning and logical order
use context (within a sentence and in larger sections of text) to determine or clarify the meaning of unfamiliar or ambiguous words or words with novel meanings
analyze works written on the same topic and compare how the authors achieved similar or different purposes
synthesize and make logical connections between ideas within a text and across two or three texts representing similar or different genres and support those findings with textual evidence
distinguish factual claims from commonplace assertions and opinions and evaluate inferences from their logic in text
analyze how the central characters' qualities influence the theme of a fictional work and resolution of the central conflict
analyze linear plot developments (e.g., conflict, rising action, falling action, resolution, subplots) to determine whether and how conflicts are resolved
compare and contrast the relationship between the purpose and characteristics of different poetic forms (e.g., epic poetry, lyric poetry)
explain the effect of similes and extended metaphors in literary text
use and understand the function of the following parts of speech in the context of reading, writing, and speaking: (i) verbs (perfect and progressive tenses) and participles, (ii) appositive phrases, (iii) adverbial and adjectival phrases and clauses, (iv) relative pronouns (e.g., whose, that, which), (v) subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, since)
compare and contrast persuasive texts that reached different conclusions about the same issue and explain how the authors reached their conclusions through analyzing the evidence each presents
analyze the use of such rhetorical and logical fallacies as loaded terms, caricatures, leading questions, false assumptions, and incorrect premises in persuasive texts
determine the meaning of grade-level academic English words derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic roots and affixes
evaluate various techniques used to create a point of view in media and the impact on audience
analyze passages in well-known speeches for the author's use of literary devices and word and phrase choice (e.g., aphorisms, epigraphs) to appeal to the audience
explain how the values and beliefs of particular characters are affected by the historical and cultural setting of the literary work
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