Include increase wealth (gold), expand empire (glory) and spread Christianity (God).

claimed Florida, Texas, California & built missions

claimed land in New World to profit from fur trading

fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding, harbors

Depended on plantations(large farms) producing large amounts of cash crops, especially rice and tobacco.

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

a place for Catholics to live peacefully

distance from Britain; town meetings; Mayflower Compact; Virginia House of Burgesses; Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

The turning point of the American Revolution. France decided to help the Americans.

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states

1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems.

allowed slaves to be counted as 3/5ths of a person towards representation and taxation

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.

Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government, generally.

a way each branch can check or control the other two. another way the constitution limits the governments powers

Needs approval of two-thirds of Congress and three-fourths of the states

the responsibility of every citizen to serve on a jury when called

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

No unreasonable search and seizure

No cruel or unusual punishment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Pay off all war debts, raise government revenues, create a national bank

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

George Washington's written address given to people, advises to stay out of wars and avoid treaties, especially permanent ones.

wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade

led by Thomas Jefferson wanted 1) less federal govt power 2) Agricultural economy 3) no national bank

Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants

Established judicial review

-Impressments of U.S. Sailors

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an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.

U.S. manufacturing increased

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers

an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.

first got job outside their homes in textile mills

human-made waterways

resulted in faster and more efficient transportation of goods, the prices of goods decreased

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

people who have left the country of their birth to live in another country

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Split between U.S. and Great Britain, the U.S. had finally achieved its goal of Manifest Destiny.

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.

First rush of immigration during the California Gold rush of 1848.

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A religious revival in the United States. Showed growing social and regional differences in the US.

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

A person who wanted to end slavery

an organized effort to improve political, legal and economic status of women in American society

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

textile mills, trade, factories, immigrants

plantation system, slave labor, cotton produced and sent to the Northern factories

mining (gold) and agriculture (farming)

Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

more factories = more weapons

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

Grant's best fought campaign, this siege ended in the seizure of the Mississippi River by the Union

Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Acted as a welfare agency to help the poor and war veterans. Largest accomplishment was in education. Helped establish about 3000 schools for freed blacks

abolished slavery

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US