Standard 14: Absolutism, Revolutions, Napoleon

king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society

the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.

Known as the Sun King, his reign began when he was four years old and lasted for 72 years, built Palace of Versailles

he reduced Russia's isolation and increased its size. He also aligned Russia culturally more with Europe rather than Asia and reformed Russian society and government to emulate those of Europe (Westernization)

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; paved way for Glorious Revolution

when James II of England abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. Led to a Constitutional Monarchy and English Bill of Rights

This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.

An assembly that represented the entire French population through three groups, known as estates

King of France, weak leader, executed during the French Revolution

3rd estate declaration that it was the only true govt. in France, pledged the Tennis Court Oath

Destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution. July 14, 1789

Motto/slogan of the French Revolution

Radicals during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. Believed anyone who supported idea of a king should be executed.

This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed.

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.