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Standard 4 Quiz
Quiz by Mallory Strelecky
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Standard 4.1 Quiz Standard 8.4 (DOK Level One) QuizStandard 8.4 (DOK Level Two) QuizStandard 8.4 (DOK Level Three) QuizMake mcq quiz with 4 option in which one is correct -'10 Basis of Material Science ⢠.....;;;";;;"~~;;,,;;,,,,;.;.,,;;,,,;,,;.;,.,------------ 6. Temporary materials: Some materials are meant to be placed in the oral cavity for a short period of time for different reasons. ⢠Temporary crowns: While a permanent crown is prepared in the dental laboratory, the patient must wait for few days before it can be fabricated and cemented into place. Does patient experience any problems during this time period? If the tooth is vital (the pulp is alive), the patient is likely to experience pain and sensitivity while eating and drinking, also it looks unesthetic. What can be done to solve this problem? A temporary crown is placed before the patient leaves the clinic. It is constructed and luted in the same appointment in which the crown preparation is done. Temporary crowns are not very strong or esthetic but they serve adequately till the permanent crown is ready to be cemented. ⢠Temporary restorations: Sometimes it is difficult to decide immediately the best line of treatment for a particular tooth. The exact condition of the pulp may not be obvious to the dentist from the patient's symptoms. A dentist removes all or part of the decay and then places a temporary restoration to have time to observe the behaviour of the pulp or to give the pilip time to heal before deciding the further treatment required. Classification based on Location of Fabrication 4,9 Materials can be classified based on the location of fabrication into: ⢠Direct restorative materials. ⢠Indirect restorative materials Direct restorative materials: They include those materials which are used to restore cavity preparations directly in the oral cavity (Box 1.5). Box 1.5: Examples of direct restorative materials Amalgam, composites, glass ionomer and other materials, which set by chemical reactions in the mouth. Indirect restorative materials: It includes those restorations which must be fabricated outside the mouth, indirectly on a cast/ model/ die, because their processing condition would harm oral tissues. Materials used in the construction of such prosthesis are called indirect restorative materials (Box 1.6). Box 1.6: Examples of indirect restorative materials Gold inlays, crowns of metal, ceramic and polymers, which are processed at elevated temperatures. Some indirect composite restorations can be processed under specific wavelength of light, e.g. Ceramage. Classification based on Longevity of Use 1. Permanent restorations: These restorations are not planned to be replaced for a particular time period. Though they are referred to as permanent, actually they are not, e.g. fillings, crowns, bridges and dentures do not last forever (Fig. 1.5). 2. Temporary restorations: These restorations are planned to be replaced in a short period of time, such as few days to weeks. For ~ Permanent C/) c c -.2 0 c- :;::; Cll co Interim ~ Q; 0 .8ll::1iJ C/) o~ Cll a:: c:=:J Temporary Time period Fig. 1.5: Diagram depicting the time period of use of a restoration. (Arrow in permanent restoration depicts that such restorations are not planned to be replaced for a long period of time.) Introducton to Dental Materials Dental materials Box 1.7: Characteristics of metals 1. High thermal and electrical conductivity 2. Ductility (pure metals are very soft and they can be bent without breaking) 3. Opacity (they do not transmit light) 4. Luster (they have a surface that strongly reflects light and appears bright and shiny) 5. They tend to dissolve to some extent in water or other aqueous solutions, producing cations. 6. All metals are white (actually gray) except for gold, which is yellow, and copper, which is reddish. 7. All metals are solid at room temperature except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature and is used with silver alloys as amalgam. 8. All metals have high melting temperatures because of high strength of the metallic bond that holds the atoms together. 3. Polymers 4. Composites Composites are mixtures of two or more of the first three classes in which the different components remain distinct from one another in the final structure. A common example is composite resin. Fig. 1.7a: Three-dimensional structure of iron (metal) Metals Metals are the oldest of the three classes of materials that have been used as dental materials. Metals are characterized by metallic bonds (Box 1.7) which will be discussed in the next chapter. Metals solidify with their atoms in a regular or crystalline arrangement (see Chapter 2), often in the form of a cube (Fig. 1.7a). example, temporary fillings done in a tooth during root canal treatment, which have to be replaced within 2-4 days during subsequent visits. They are used to protect the tooth and provide function till the final restoration is done. 3. Interim restoration: At times, dental treatment requires "long-term" definite temporary restorations or "interim" restorations. For examle, a 7-year-old child, met with trauma and fractured one of his central incisors. A large composite build- up may serve his immediate requirement until the root formation is completed and a permanent crown is placed. 5 Classification based on the Chemical Nature of the Material These are the atoms that make up a material and the way they are bonded together determine the properties of that materiaLS Weak bonds make for weak materials and vice versa (Table 1.4). Materials can be classified into different categories based on their primary atomic bonds (Fig. 1.6): 1. Metals 2. Ceramics Fig. 1.6: Classification of dental materials based on chemical nature 12 Basis of Material Science Box 1.9: Benefits of ceramics in dentistry 1. Many ceramic oxides are used as pigmenting agents. These oxides produce good range of colors. Due to this characteristic, we are able to match almost any tooth color with good esthetic results. 2. They are inert, i.e. not chemically reactive. This quality provides ceramics with good bio- compatibility. 3. Ceramic materials are translucent, like natural teeth. This translucency gives the ceramic crown a more natural appearance than any other dental material. Fig. 1.7b: Internal arrangement of tetrahedral structure of ceramic (silica) four large oxygen atoms surround smaller silicon atom Ceramics A ceramic is a compound formed by the union of a metallic and a non-metallic element (Box 1.8). Most of these materials are oxides, formed by the union of oxygen with metals such as silicon, aluminum, calcium and magnesium (Fig.1.7b). Ceramics may be simple or complex. Examples of simple ceramics are alumina and silica. Examples of complex ceramics are feldspar (potassium aluminum silicate) and kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate). Ceramics may be crystalline or non- crystalline (i.e. amorphous). Porcelain is a specific type of ceramic used extensively in dentistry (Box 1.9). Box 1.8: Characteristics of ceramics 1. High melting points. 2. Brittleness, which means they cannot be bent or deformed (no sliding) to any extent without actually cracking and breaking. 3. They are poor conductor of heat and electricity. 4. They are chemically inert. 5. They have excellent esthetic result in terms of matching natural teeth. Fig. 1.8: Stucture of synthetic polymer Polymers They are the latest addition (early to mid- 1900s) to dental materials. Most of the polymers are nowadays synthesized by humans. Polymers are giant, long-chain organic molecules (Fig. 1.8). Polymers are characterized by covalent bonds within each molecule, giving them tremendous strength in a single direction. Try to break a nylon rope by pulling it! They are poor conductors of heat and electri- city. Most polymers have a structure containing thousands of carbon atoms linked together like beads on a string. Others, such as silicone polymers are formed with silicon-oxygen bonds. Introducton to Dental Materials Table 1.4: Characteristics of different materials 13 Characteristics Bond Properties Crystal structure Metals Metallic bonding High strength and hardness, high electrical and thermal conductivity BCC, FCC, or HCP unit cells Ceramics Ionic or covalent bonding, or both High hardness and stiffness, electrically insulating, refractory, and chemically inert Crystalline or amorphous Polymers Covalent bonding Low sensitivity, high electrical resistivity, and low thermal conductivity, strength and stiffness vary widely Amorphous and crystalline Composites Composites are combinations of any of the basic ceramic, metallic and polymeric materials (Box 1.10). Each material that makes up composites is called a phase. Their properties tend to be somewhere between those of their basic constituents and are used to enhance their performance, longevity and handling chracterstics. Box 1.10: Types of composites in dentistry 1. Ceramic - metallic composite: Tungsten carbide bur. 2. Metal - polymer composite: Die materials in dental laboratory. 3. Ceramic - polymer composite: Enamel, dentin, bone and restorative composites. A composite is a kind of "combination" of materials, which compliment each other. The properties lacking in one material are compensated by those of the other material. For example, restorative composite has two phases, namely resin and fillers. Teeth and bones are examples of natural composites. Enamel is a composite of hydroxyapatite (which is a ceramic material) and protein (which is a polymer). EVALUATION OF DENTAL MATERIALS Most manufacturers of dental materials maintain a quality assurance programme (As per international standard like ADA specifications) and materials are thoroughly tested before being released into the market for dental practitioner (Fig. 1.9). Laboratory Evaluations Most ADA/ ANSI specifications involve laboratory tests. The tests performed as per these specifications are useful but they all are performed in vitro, (carried out in the laboratory away from the clinical conditions) which have a lot of limitations in clinical practice.lO Clinical Notes 1. For example, most of the direct restorative materials are tested for their compressive strength but ultimately the material is subjected to a combination of compressive, tensile and shear stresses, which may decide the final success or failure of the material under masticatory load. 2. Similarly upper dentures mostly fracture along the midline because of bending. Hence a bending or transverse strength ~B-a-s-is-o-f-M-a-t-e-ria-I-S~c-ie-n-c-e-------------- ---------. test is far more meaningful for denture base materials than a compression test. Clinical Trials The majority of new materials are subjected to extensive clinical trials normally in co-operation with a dental college or hospital departments prior to their release. CONCLUSION As the number of available materials is going up, it is important that the dentist remains more aware about new products so that their judgement about the selection of material remains successful. Materials which have not been thoroughly evaluated should be avoided, specially with clinical dentistry falling under Consumer Protection Act (CPA). I Research and development I iI Manufacturer/analysis Ideal requirements for clinical use: Thermal, optical, mechanical, chemical, biological Available materials and their properties are evaluated Launch of new I product Choice and selection of material by the dentist Critical assessment based on clinical performance I I H feedback to ICreate a 10-question math quiz for the 4.OA.4. standard.RPMS Quiz: Quality vs. Efficiency 1. A teacher spends five hours creating a highly interactive digital game for a single 40-minute lesson. This is an example of prioritizing: ⢠A) Quality over Efficiency ⢠B) Efficiency over Quality ⢠C) Administrative Competence ⢠D) Resource Management ⢠Hint: The focus is on high-level engagement, but the time investment is very high. 2. Which of the following best describes "Efficiency" in the context of the RPMS? ⢠A) Submitting all MOVs and reports on or before the deadline with minimal errors. ⢠B) Ensuring 100% of students pass the quarterly examination. ⢠C) Creating the most aesthetically pleasing portfolio in the department. ⢠D) Conducting home visits for every single student in a class of 50. ⢠Hint: Look for the option that emphasizes timeliness and resource use. 3. Using a "template" or a "reusable slide deck" for lesson planning is a strategy to improve: ⢠A) Efficiency ⢠B) Instructional Diversity ⢠C) Subject Matter Mastery ⢠D) Classroom Discipline ⢠Hint: Templates reduce the time spent on repetitive formatting. 4. If a teacher provides detailed, personalized feedback to every student but submits the grades two weeks late, they have achieved: ⢠A) High Quality, Low Efficiency ⢠B) Low Quality, High Efficiency ⢠C) High Quality, High Efficiency ⢠D) Low Quality, Low Efficiency ⢠Hint: The work itself is excellent, but the timing is poor. 5. Which tool improves Efficiency without sacrificing the Quality of assessment data? ⢠A) Automated Google Forms for multiple-choice quizzes. ⢠B) Giving everyone a passing grade to save time on checking. ⢠C) Writing long paragraphs of feedback on 200 paper-based essays. ⢠D) Skipping assessments entirely to finish the syllabus faster. ⢠Hint: Look for a balance where technology handles the "busy work." 6. When discussing Quality in your RPMS portfolio, which "Means of Verification" (MOV) is most appropriate? ⢠A) Sample of student work with constructive teacher comments. ⢠B) A logbook showing you arrived at school at 7:00 AM daily. ⢠C) A certificate for attending a 1-hour webinar. ⢠D) A photo of your organized teacher's cabinet. ⢠Hint: Quality is evidenced by the impact on student learning. 7. The concept of "Doing the right things" (Effectiveness) represents: ⢠A) Quality ⢠B) Efficiency ⢠C) Speed ⢠D) Compliance ⢠Hint: "Doing the right things" is about results; "Doing things right" is about process. 8. How does "Efficiency" help a teacher maintain "Quality" in the long run? ⢠A) It prevents burnout by optimizing workload, leaving energy for creative teaching. ⢠B) It allows the teacher to take more side jobs. ⢠C) It ensures the teacher never has to talk to parents. ⢠D) It proves that the teacher is smarter than their peers. ⢠Hint: Consider the relationship between teacher well-being and performance. 9. If a teacher's RPMS rating for Quality is 5 (Outstanding) but Efficiency is 2 (Fair), what is the most likely reason? ⢠A) The teacher produces excellent work but often misses deadlines. ⢠B) The teacher is very fast but makes many mistakes in their reports. ⢠C) The teacher is both slow and produces poor results. ⢠D) The students are failing despite the teacher being very organized. ⢠Hint: Check the gap between the high-standard output and the slow delivery. 10. What is the ultimate goal of balancing Quality and Efficiency in the PPST-RPMS? ⢠A) To achieve sustainable professional excellence that benefits the learners. ⢠B) To get a higher salary increase only. ⢠C) To impress the School Head during the observation. ⢠D) To finish the school year with the least amount of work possible. ⢠Hint: It's about long-term growth for both teacher and student. ________________________________________ Answer Key: 1. A | 2. A | 3. A | 4. A | 5. A | 6. A | 7. A | 8. A | 9. A | 10. A ________________________________________Question,Correct Answer,Option 2,Option 3,Option 4 You just saw your crush trip, but you imagine it in slowâmotion as if in a movie. What are you doing?,Visualizing,Ignoring,Running away,Screaming Your best friend says your outfit is âtrashâ but you think itâs ICONIC! This shows â,Perception,Precision,Symmetry,Association A butterflyâs wings are perfectly matching on both sides. They are â,Symmetrical,Random,Loud,Vague You always think of pizza when you hear âFriday night.â This is a(n) â,Association,Obsession,Illustration,Symmetry You carefully measure 10 candies for lunch. This shows â,Precision,Obsession,Symmetry,Association A teacher draws a big volcano on the board to explain it. She is â,Illustrating,Guessing,Visualizing,Ignoring Two students react differently to the same horror movie. This shows â,Perception,Symmetry,Precision,Obsession You measure your eyeliner perfectly on both eyes. This is â,Symmetry,Visualizing,Association,Individualized A student redoes ONE sentence 17 times all night. She is â,Obsessive,Relaxed,Careless,Confused A loud, clear knock on the door is â,Distinct,Vague,Random,Individualized You picture your future life as a superhero saving the world. You are â,Visualizing,Associating,Obsessing,Measuring A quiz made just for ONE student is â,Individualized,General,Random,Symmetrical Two students get the same task but react differently. This shows differences in â,Perception,Symmetry,Association,Obsession Your friend always folds napkins perfectly before dinner. That is â,Obsessive,Relaxed,Visualizing,Association A student tripleâchecks a ruler, erases tiny mistakes, and wonât submit. Which TWO describe her? (Choose best single answer),Obsessive and Precise,Relaxed and Calm,Confused and Random,Symmetrical and Vague Which shows BOTH perception AND association?,Thinking rain is sad because you cried in it,Measuring carefully,Folding paper,Drawing a volcano The **funniest way to show symmetry** in class would be â,Balancing a pencil on your nose randomly,Throwing paper randomly,Screaming at the board,Balancing a pencil perfectly on your nose You hear a scary clear knock and spill your water. That knock is â,Distinct,Vague,Individualized,Symmetry Which is NOT individualized?,Standard school uniform,Custom shoes,Test for one student,Personalized notebook Two students measure carefully. One is calm and exact, the other keeps freaking out. The calm student shows â,Precision,Obsession,Association,Illustration The same scenario: The freakingâout student shows â,Obsession,Symmetry,Visualizing,Precision