Standards 13,14

A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.

Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe

the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.

used Tycho Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe

Italian who provided more evidence for heliocentric theory. He invented a new telescope, studied the sky, and published what he discovered. His work supported Copernicus, challenging the teachings of the Catholic Church.

Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.

these methods grew out of the Scientific Revolution to draw conclusions about natural world

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reimagining of accepted ideas, rights, religion, and the role of government.

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property; proposed by John Locke

French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

"I do not agree with what you say but will defend to the death your right to say it"

believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, believed in equality of all people and nobility should be abolished

the only "good" form of govt according to Rousseau