Question 1

Invasive plant species affect the interactions of living and nonliving components of an ecosystem, so the removal of invasive plants is often necessary. The goal of most plant-control methods is to disrupt or inhibit the function of different plant systems. For example, insects can be used to chew through roots in order to reduce a plant’s ability to absorb water. 
Which of these functions would be most immediately affected by a reduction in water uptake by roots?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Sunlight absorption

Answer

Seed dispersal

Answer

Disease resistance

Question 2

A student reads this advertisement for a product containing a plant micronutrient that can be added to soil.  Based on this information, the student can conclude that boron is absorbed by plant roots from soil and then —

Accepted Answer

transported to reproductive tissues by the plant’s shoot system

Answer

concentrated in the roots until the plant’s reproductive tissues mature

Answer

stored in plant stems until the flowers are pollinated

Answer

transported by the phloem to the stomata in leaves, where it attracts pollinators

Question 3

A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only difference between the control group and the experimental group was light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. 
The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation. Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?

Accepted Answer

Light sensors in the grass tips stimulated a hormone in the shoot system

Answer

The side facing the light has a greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Answer

Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light

Answer

The xylem in the root system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side

Question 4

Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that help regulate growth by promoting cell division. Cytokinins are produced mainly in meristematic tissue, where most plant growth occurs. Which system carries cytokinins produced in the roots to the rest of the plant?

Accepted Answer

Vascular system

Answer

Reproductive system

Answer

None of these

Answer

Dermal system

Question 5

Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower. Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 6

Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?

Accepted Answer

Provide nutrients to the plant and respond to stimuli

Answer

Provide water to the plant and perform photosynthesis

Answer

Respond to stimuli and anchor the plant

Answer

Release pollen to insects and perform photosynthesis

Question 7

Structures represented in the illustration below are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration at right shows the response to a certain environmental condition. The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by —

Accepted Answer

little available water

Answer

long periods of rainfall

Answer

a reduced supply of oxygen

Answer

high concentrations of glucose

Question 8

The internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work together. Which diagram correctly describes how the two systems accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 9

The diagram shows the reproductive system of a plant. Which of the following best describes the interaction that occurs between a plant’s reproductive parts during self-fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches an ovule within the ovary, where the sperm fertilizes the egg

Answer

Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches the filament, where the sperm fertilizes the egg

Answer

Pollen moves from the ovule up through the style and is released from the stigma. The pollen is transferred to the anther, where the sperm fertilizes the egg

Answer

Pollen is released from the stigma and is transferred to the anther. A pollen tube grows down from the anther through the filament and fuses with the ovule, where the sperm fertilizes the egg

Question 10

Some students are instructed to put a celery stalk in a red dye solution for a lab activity. First the students carefully cut the bottom of the stalk with a scalpel. Then they put the stalk in the beaker with the solution and place the beaker on a shelf in the lab room. The next day they check the stalk and make observations. 
The students note that the leaves at the end of the stalk have changed color from green to red. The students cut across the celery stalk and use a hand lens to see that the small tube openings along the edge of the celery stalk are also red. The cross section is shown below.
How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?

Accepted Answer

The roots absorb water and minerals and move them up to the stem, while the stem
moves food produced in the leaves down to the roots in tiny tubes

Answer

The roots anchor the plant in the soil, and the stem holds the leaves up

Answer

The roots absorb their own water and minerals, while the stem absorbs its water and minerals through the leaves

Answer

The roots lose water vapor to the soil, and the stem loses water vapor through the leaves

Question 11

The outermost layer of plant stems in dicotyledons consists of epidermal cells and guard cells that surround openings called stomata. The epidermal cells are usually covered with a waterproof layer that provides protection from injury and water loss. The stomata allow gas exchange. The epidermal cells and stomata have functions similar to those of which two human body systems?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary and respiratory

Answer

Cardiovascular and integumentary

Answer

Skeletal and respiratory

Answer

Cardiovascular and skeletal

Question 12

An animal can wound a tree by scratching away the bark. The tree can respond to the wound in many ways. Usually sap quickly covers the wound, and then the tree covers the wound with new growth. The diagram shows a cross section of a tree with a healed wound. What process worked most directly with the transport system to heal the wound?

Accepted Answer

Cellular reproduction

Answer

Water intake

Answer

Carbohydrate storage

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 13

Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports —

Accepted Answer

the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots

Answer

the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue

Answer

the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production

Answer

the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules

Question 14

Plant hormones serve as chemical messengers between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cells on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxin is known as —

Accepted Answer

phototropism

Answer

photosynthesis

Answer

geotropism

Answer

transpiration

Question 15

Copper is a micronutrient that can be found in soil. Copper is important for reproductive growth in plants and plays an indirect role in chlorophyll production. 
Which statement correctly describes the interaction that occurs between the root and the shoot systems of plants to allow reproduction to occur?

Accepted Answer

Copper that is absorbed by the roots is transported to reproductive tissues by the shoot system

Answer

The shoot system transports copper to the roots after it is taken in through stomata in the leaves

Answer

Copper is produced in the roots when copper-containing compounds are hydrolyzed

Answer

The shoot system stores copper for later use by the roots and the reproductive structures

Question 16

Plant roots have extensions called root hairs. These root hairs are important in the homeostasis of the plant. Which statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the plant?

Accepted Answer

Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption.

Answer

Root hairs convert minerals into glucose for immediate use by cells.

Answer

Root hairs prevent water loss in leaves through transpiration and gas exchange.

Answer

Root hairs decrease the need for osmosis and diffusion in vascular tissue.

Question 17

A corn plant produces both male and female flowers. The male flower forms the tassel and the female flower forms the ear of corn. The silks that emerge from the ear are the stigma of the female flower. Each silk leads to an ovule that can become a corn seed. Which of these must happen for corn seeds to develop on the ear?

Accepted Answer

Pollen grains must fall from tassels and land on the silks of the ear.

Answer

Pollen must be transported from the tassel to the silk through the phloem.

Answer

The tassels must come into direct contact with the silks of the ear.

Answer

More tassels than silks need to be present on the same plant.

Question 18

Fruits grown in hot climates are usually less sweet than those grown in cooler temperatures. The high temperatures increase the rate of respiration in the plants, thus reducing the sugar content in some fruits. Why does increased respiration in the leaves and stems reduce the sugar content in the fruits of a plant?

Accepted Answer

Sugars produced in the leaves are used as an energy source instead of being stored in fruits.

Answer

Sugars are moved from the fruits to the roots for storage.

Answer

Chloroplasts move from the fruits to the leaves and stems to provide energy for respiration

Answer

The flow of nutrients shifts from the phloem to the xylem, moving nutrients away from the fruits.

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