spread religion (God), increase country's wealth (Gold), increase country's power (Glory)

transfer of plants, animals and diseases between Eastern & Western Hemispheres after Columbus "discovered" America

belief that colonies exist to benefit their "mother country"; the mother country uses the resources of the colony in order to increase its country's treasury

a contract from the government giving permission to establish a colony

1607; first permanent English settlement in North America, founded by Virginia Company on the James River in Virginia, settled for economic gain; survival due in part to John Smith (no work=no food) and became successful from growing tobacco (John Rolfe); first use of slaves in North America

first representative assembly in America; at Jamestown, Virginia

group of English who came to Plymouth, Massachusetts because they wanted to separate from the Church of England (separatists); 1620

1620; document written by Pilgrims on their ship; first true example of self-government in the Americas; established majority rule for the colony

group of English who wanted to purify (change) the Church of England; settled the Massachusetts Bay colony; thousands of Puritans came to America during the Great Migration; their religious devotion influenced the culture of New England; did not offer religious freedom - kicked out Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson

first written Constitution in America - Thomas Hooker - voting rights extended to non-church members

trade with three stops (ex: England, Africa, Massachusetts)

middle leg of triangular trade route; brought slaves from Africa to American

Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Massachusetts; Cold, short growing season, rocky soil; Subsistence farming, shipbuilding, fishing, shipping

New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey; Longer growing season, fertile soil; Grain farming, called "Breadbasket" colonies

Quaker (peace, equality, anti-slavery), founded Pennsylvania

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia; Warm, long growing season; Cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo; Plantation system and slavery

(1215) - first document to limit the power of the English king

further extended rights to English citizens, established authority of Parliament as England's chief law-making body

religious revival; churches split and grew

movement that stressed science and reason; Ben Franklin was Enlightenment thinker

English Enlightenment thinker who said that all men have natural-born rights: life, liberty, and property

French political thinker proposed that government powers should be separated into 3 branches - executive, legislative and judicial

prior to the French and Indian War, Britain had passed laws that applied to the colonies but they did not enforce them; because of this, colonists got used to governing themselves

British VS French & Indians; conflicts over land the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley (French Territory).

The British won the war, which ended French power in North America. British government's war debt would result in new laws and taxes for the colonies that WOULD be enforced - no more salutary neglect!

Ben Franklin's proposal during the French and Indian War for the 13 colonies to unite and form a council during the war: "Join or Die!"

ended the French and Indian War; Britain received all land east of the Mississippi River

British law that said the colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains because the British did not want to have to pay for the costs of defending the colonists from Indian attacks; greatly angered the colonists because they had fought the French and Indian War to get this land

Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics, created the Act of Toleration

Founded by James Oglethorpe as a debtor's colony; also served as military buffer between colonies and Spanish Florida

Founded by Roger Williams for religious freedom

first European nation to colonize the Americas; built many Catholic missions; enslaved Native Americans

claimed land in North America between Appalachian and Rocky Mountains; focused on fur trade; better relations with Native Americans than other European nations

Established original 13 colonies in North America