based on trade and manufacturing;

based on agriculture/plantation farming/depended on the use of slaves

proposed by Henry Clay; settled the issue of California statehood: 1. California - free state; 2. Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C.; 3. Stronger Fugitive Slave Act passed; 4. Popular sovereignty to decide slavery in Mexican Cession

proposed by Stephen A. Douglas; issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska territories would be decided by popular sovereignty; this law overturned the Missouri Compromise of 1820

fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery people in Kansas; John Brown was an extreme abolitionist who killed pro-slavery settlers in Kansas

formed by Northern Whigs and people who opposed slavery

Supreme Court case that ruled slaves were property and that slavery could not be banned in the territories because it would violate 5th Amendment property rights

Lincoln vs Stephen Douglas for Senator of Illinois; Lincoln lost but gained national prominence; Lincoln - slavery should not be banned in the states where it already exists but should not spread into new areas; Douglas - slavery should be decided by popular sovereignty in the territories

John Brown raided the federal arsenal here because he wanted to get guns from arsenal to arm slaves; Brown was caught & executed

Lincoln (Republican) won; resulted in the secession of South Carolina

promises not to abolish slavery or attack the South - "we are not enemies but friends"

Commander of the Confederate army

General of the Union Army; elected 18th President; supported by African Americans; administration was plagued by scandals

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

knowledge of land, fighting to protect lifestyle, better trained soldiers,strong military leaders

Population, industry (more factories, more supplies), Railroad, navy (south has no navy)

the Union planned a blockade that would not allow supplies of any sort into the Confederacy; control the Mississippi and Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico

the idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South's raw cotton to supply its booming textile industry; did not work

commanded Virginia soldiers under the Confederacy and led his side to victory in the First Battle of Bull Run, was shot in the left arm at Chancelorsville by one of his own men and then later died from this wound

President of Confederacy

first shots of the Civil War; Confederates opened fire before supplies arrived; Union surrendered

first battle of the war; Union retreat - Confederate victory

fought in Union territory; "bloodiest day in US history"; most casualties in a single day of fighting

last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River; Grant takes after a six-weeks siege; victory gave Union total control of Mississippi River

fought in Union territory; massive 3 day battle: Union victory & turning point; Confederate army never returned to "fighting strength"

speech by Lincoln to dedicate battlefield as a cemetery; promised government "of the people, by the people and for the people would not perish from this earth"

issued by Lincoln to free the slaves in states of rebellion; slaves in the border states were not freed; issued by Lincoln as Commander in-Chief as a military action to weaken the South

"With malice toward none, with charity for all... let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds..."

-site of Lee's surrender to Grant; end of the Civil War

1st African American soldier to be awarded Medal of Honor

immigrant from Chile; awarded Medal of Honor

the best-known Civil War song of the Union Army written by Julia Ward Howe

the process of readmitting the Southern states into the Union

assassinated Lincoln

Lincoln's VP- Democrat; became president #17; House impeached him -Senate found him not guilty by one vote

laws in Southern states that limited the freedoms of African Americans

opposed Johnson; wanted equal rights for African Americans

law that granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the US; Congress passed by overriding Johnson's veto

-divided the South into five military districts to make sure they extended rights to African Americans

secret society that used violence against African Americans and tried to restore Democratic control to South.

ENDED RECONTSTRUCTION; Rutherford B. Hayes (R) became president in exchange for removing federal troops from the South

amendment that made slavery illegal in the US (free)

amendment that defines a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in US and guarantees equal protection for citizens (citizens)

amendment that stated the right to vote could not be denied based on race (vote)