Test Ch. 9 Vocabulary

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.

The legal claim that allows citizens to urge their government to correct wrongs and injustices or to take some other action.

This means that people have a right to gather peaceably with others without fear that the government will use force against them.

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

the equal application of the law regardless of a person's race, religion, political beliefs, or other qualities

Obtaining evidence in an unlawful manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. The police must have probable cause and/or a search warrant in order to make a legal and proper search for and seizure of incriminating evidence and seize such evidence.

the right of government to take private property for public use

A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect's home or business and take specific items as evidence

Finding that enough evidence exists to warrant a criminal trial.

Trial or punishment for the same crime by the same government; forbidden by the Constitution.

The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court. The Fifth Amendment forbids self-incrimination.

the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.

the constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."