Test perspectives Advnced Unit 6

Perspectives C1-C2 Test Unit 1

PERSPECTIVES C1-C2 TEST UNIT 2

PERSPECTIVES C1-C2 TEST UNIT 3

Perspectives, Upper-Intermediate, Test Unit 3

Point of View, Perspective, Plot Test

Historia de la Inteligencia Artificial Introducción La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene una historia larga y fascinante que comenzó mucho antes de que existieran los ordenadores modernos. A lo largo de los siglos, filósofos, científicos e ingenieros han sentado las bases conceptuales y tecnológicas necesarias para el desarrollo de máquinas capaces de imitar ciertos aspectos de la inteligencia humana. 1. Antecedentes remotos Época Figura o movimiento Aportación clave Siglo IV a. C. Aristóteles Desarrolla la lógica formal, primera aproximación sistemática al razonamiento deductivo. Edad Media Alquimistas Buscan crear “vida artificial”, anticipando el deseo de simular procesos naturales. 2. Cimientos modernos (1950‑1959) Año Hito Descripción 1950 Prueba de Turing Alan Turing propone un test para determinar si una máquina puede exhibir comportamiento inteligente indistinguible del humano. 1955 Nacimiento del término "Inteligencia Artificial" John McCarthy define la IA como la “ciencia e ingeniería de crear máquinas inteligentes”. 3. Principales hitos (1960‑2010) Año Hito Relevancia 1997 Deep Blue vence a Garry Kasparov Primer ordenador que derrota al campeón mundial de ajedrez; marca un antes y un después en el uso de la IA para resolver problemas complejos. 2002 Roomba (iRobot) Primer robot aspirador de consumo masivo con capacidades de mapeo y navegación autónoma. 2011 Siri (Apple) Asistente virtual por voz que populariza la IA conversacional en smartphones. 2014 Alexa (Amazon) Amplía el concepto de asistente virtual al hogar conectado. 4. Avances de la última década (2011‑2021) Año Hito Relevancia 2017 AlphaGo vence a Lee Sedol en Go Demuestra que el aprendizaje profundo puede superar al ser humano en tareas de enorme complejidad estratégica. 2021‑2022 Democratización de la IA generativa Herramientas como ChatGPT y DALL·E abren el acceso masivo a modelos capaces de generar texto e imágenes de alta calidad. 5. Situación actual y perspectivas La IA está cada vez más integrada en nuestra vida diaria: desde los algoritmos de recomendación hasta los asistentes de voz y los sistemas de generación de contenido. Se prevé que continúe evolucionando y transformando sectores como la salud, la educación y la industria creativa. Conclusión La semilla que Alan Turing plantó en 1950 ha dado lugar a un campo vibrante y en constante expansión. Mirar al pasado nos ayuda a comprender el rápido progreso actual y a anticipar un futuro en el que la inteligencia artificial desempeñará un papel aún más central en la sociedad.

Growing up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, a small city surrounded by endless plains, I've found unexpected echoes of home in China's smaller towns — from the warmth of locals in Huaihua, Central China's Hunan province, to the quiet charm of Yangshuo, South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. With an itch to see more of China's lesser-visited regions, I began planning a trip to the northwest with seven friends — five Americans, one Pakistani, one Zimbabwean, and one Colombian. We bought round-trip tickets from Shanghai to Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, for less than $120 each. From there, we planned to rent a car and drive to Xining in Qinghai, then on to Qinghai Lake, and finally to Lanzhou, Gansu. To make that possible, several of us applied for Chinese driver's licenses, a process that involved translating our US licenses into Mandarin and passing a short test on traffic laws. Within a day, we were licensed. As we piled into two rental cars in late March to begin our eight-day journey, it became clear that this wasn't just a road trip — it was the culmination of our four years in China, the Mandarin we had so diligently studied, and our ongoing effort to contribute to US-China people-to-people relations. Right away, we drew curious reactions. At the Yinchuan airport, taxi drivers offered us rides into the city, only to stare in astonishment when we told them we had rented cars. "You're driving? In China?" one driver asked, visibly surprised. It was a reaction we'd encountered multiple times during our trip, as foreign drivers are rare in China, especially in remote regions. In Yinchuan, we stocked up on snacks and adjusted to the chilly desert air. From there, we headed west, navigating wide highways framed by dramatic landscapes: arid plains, jagged mountains, and occasionally, a herd of sheep crossing the road. The vastness of the Northwest was humbling — and as someone who grew up on the wide-open prairies of South Dakota, it felt oddly familiar. One of the highlights of our trip was camping by Qinghai Lake, the largest saltwater lake in China. A few summers ago, Santiago Solano, one of my classmates from the US, cycled from Xi'an in Shaanxi to Urumqi in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region over the course of a month and met many kind strangers along the way. One of them was Geng San, a Tibetan lamb herder who managed a piece of land right next to Qinghai Lake and graciously invited us to camp there. "That's what China is — it's the people. The quiet generosity of an old Tibetan nomad who, years after we first met, still offered us a place to rest on his land," said Solano, who is also part of the group on this trip. But apparently, we underestimated just how cold it would be to camp next to Qinghai Lake in late March. It was deathly freezing. In preparation for the trip, we had ordered two tent kits and eight sleeping bags. However, when the temperature eventually dropped to — 10 C, all of us piled into the cars and turned the heaters on. So much for camping. From Qinghai Lake, we drove to Lanzhou, where we visited many food markets and tried every type of noodle on offer. Since we are college students, we rented a gaming hotel room — something I've only ever seen in China. At night, instead of attending local parties as we had before, we stayed in the hotel and gamed late into the morning. For me, the trip was as much about the journey as it was about the destinations. Driving through Northwest China gave us a unique perspective on the region's natural beauty and its people. At gas stations, shopkeepers greeted us with curiosity and kindness, often offering recommendations for nearby attractions. At roadside carts, we sampled local specialties, grabbing a quick skewer and a mango for the road. And at every stop, we were touched by the warmth and hospitality that make traveling in China so rewarding. As an American who has lived in China for several years, I'm often asked about my experiences here. Trips like this one remind me of the similarities between the two countries, despite their differences. Just as road trips are a quintessential part of American culture, they've become my favorite way to explore China. Whether it's driving through the rolling hills of South Dakota or the deserts of Ningxia, there's something universal about the freedom and camaraderie that come with having complete control over where you end up. Written by Charlie Howes, a 22-year-old American who has lived in China since 2019. He completed his final year of high school at Beijing No 80 High School and is currently studying at New York University Shanghai. He has founded a company in China focused on facilitating US-China trade and plans to continue living in Shanghai long term. He enjoys road trips, cycling around the world, learning languages, and meeting new people.

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