In 1898, the Supreme Court decided an important case on citizenship, United States v. Wong Kim Ark. Here is an excerpt from the decision:
“Wong Kim Ark was born in 1873 in the city of San Francisco, in the State of California and United States of America, and was and is a laborer. His father and mother were persons of Chinese descent, and subjects of the Emperor of China; . . . [In 1894] he (being about twenty-one years of age, but whether a little above or a little under that age does not appear) . . . departed for China on a temporary visit and with the intention of returning to the United States, and he did return thereto by sea in August, 1895, and applied to the collector of customs for permission to land, and was denied such permission upon the sole ground that he was not a citizen of the United States.”
The Supreme Court ruled in Wong Kim Ark’s favor, saying that he was an American citizen based on the Fourteenth Amendment. Upon which idea would this ruling have been based?