The Enlightenment
Quiz by Robert Kolenz
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- Q1
(Q1) One similarity in the work of scientists during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment philosophers was that both groups.....
Relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers.
Examined natural laws governing the universe.
Favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions.
Received support from the Catholic Church.
60s - Q2
(Q2) During the Enlightenment, some philosophers challenged the absolute power of kings. Which statement reflects a typical Enlightenment challenge to this absolute power?
Without strong monarchs to keep order, there would be a war of every man against every man.
A monarch’s rule is justified by divine right.
A government’s power comes only from the consent of the people.
The King is the state.
60s - Q3
(Q3) In addition to questioning the absolute authority of kings, some Enlightenment thinkers also challenged the traditional authority of the church. How did Enlightenment thinkers challenge religious authority?
They promoted religious toleration and separation of church and state.
They encouraged strict government regulation of all church affairs.
They called for church leaders to create theocracies to replace monarchies.
They argued that faith in divine authority alone guarantees a just ruler.
60s - Q4
(Q4) Enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau, Locke, and Voltaire stressed the importance of the individual citizen as an agent of social and political change. According to these thinkers, a citizen should
Oppose any challenge to the church's authority.
Trust in the absolute power of the monarchy to maintain order.
Promoted intolerance of anyone questioning the traditional order.
Use natural law and reason to challenge the power of the King.
60s - Q5
(Q5) Enlightenment thinker Adam Smith believed that the government should not interfere with the economy. According to Smith, prices for goods and services should be determined only by buyers and sellers of those goods and services. This economic theory is known as
Checks and Balances, and it has been credited as the founding principle of absolutism.
The Leviathan inspired new faith in the value of absolute monarchies.
Laissez-Faire economics which is the basis for modern capitalism.
The Social Contract is what brought about the union of church and state.
60s - Q6
(Q6) Both the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) was written for what primary purpose?
To deny the separation of church and state
To oppose the creation of constitutional protections
To challenge the authority of an unjust king
To uphold the tradition of the divine right of kings
60s - Q7
(Q7) On June 17, 1789, French revolutionaries formed the National Assembly to act as a check on King Louis XVI’s power. This action represents an application of what Enlightenment concept?
Locke's Natural Rights of Man
The Social Contract theory
Laissez-Fair Economics
Separation of Powers
60s - Q8
(Q8) In the late 1700s, Latin American colonists were inspired by American and French revolutionaries to rise against their European rulers. What characteristics did the American, French, and Latin American revolutions have in common?
In all three cases, citizens were unhappy with the continued separation of church and state.
A large segment of society had grown tired of being subject to the unjust rule of a powerful monarchy.
A powerful monarchy had become eager to enact social and political reforms.
A growing middle class wished to bring an end to representative government.
60s - Q9
(Q9 Pt1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.
• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.
Absolute Monarchs did not represent the will of the people
Absolute Monarchs acted in the best interest of the majority.
The people elected absolute Monarchs.
The government represented all the classes.
60s - Q10
(Q9 Pt1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.
• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.
The Philosophers were outcasts of society and people believed they should be killed.
Too many people were conflicted over how strong the government should be.
Absolute Monarchs violated the social contract.
John Locke had no impact on government.
60s - Q11
(Q9 PT1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.
• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.
John Locke was a double agent who secretly represented the will of the Monarch.
Absolute Monarchs did not protect the Natural Rights of People.
The Separation of Powers caused the government to be too weak.
Absolute Monarchs needed more power to keep people safe.
60s - Q12
(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.
The Philosophers should run the government.
Elections were only to be voted in by the wealthy elites
Monarchs killed the Philosophers who questioned their rule and continued to consolidate power.
A constitution or legislative body should limit absolute monarchs.
60s - Q13
(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.
Natural Rights would be protected by the King unless he decided the individual didn't deserve them.
The people should vote on all issues that need to be addressed.
Laissez-Faire economics should not be implemented.
Power should be divided among the monarch and legislature.
60s - Q14
(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.
The Kings repealed all taxation on individuals who continued to support their rule.
The Kings should give all power to the Queens, who would declare Marshall Law when necessary.
Power should be given to representative bodies.
Kings would have their knights hunt down government officials violating individual natural rights.
60s - Q15
(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' basic rights and freedoms. Identify four of these fundamental rights.
The King would give all money from taxes back to the people.
Women's Right to Vote in elections
The Right of Women to run for office.
The Right to Life, Liberty, and Property (Natural Rights)
60s