Question 1

(Q1) One similarity in the work of scientists during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment philosophers was that both groups.....

Accepted Answer

Examined natural laws governing the universe.

Answer

Relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers.

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Favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions.

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Received support from the Catholic Church.

Question 2

(Q2) During the Enlightenment, some philosophers challenged the absolute power of kings. Which statement reflects a typical Enlightenment challenge to this absolute power?

Accepted Answer

A government’s power comes only from the consent of the people.

Answer

Without strong monarchs to keep order, there would be a war of every man against every man.

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A monarch’s rule is justified by divine right.

Answer

The King is the state.

Question 3

(Q3) In addition to questioning the absolute authority of kings, some Enlightenment thinkers also challenged the traditional authority of the church. How did Enlightenment thinkers challenge religious authority?

Accepted Answer

They promoted religious toleration and separation of church and state.

Answer

They encouraged strict government regulation of all church affairs.

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They called for church leaders to create theocracies to replace monarchies.

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They argued that faith in divine authority alone guarantees a just ruler.

Question 4

(Q4) Enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau, Locke, and Voltaire stressed the importance of the individual citizen as an agent of social and political change. According to these thinkers, a citizen should

Accepted Answer

Use natural law and reason to challenge the power of the King.

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Oppose any challenge to the church's authority.

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Trust in the absolute power of the monarchy to maintain order.

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Promoted intolerance of anyone questioning the traditional order.

Question 5

(Q5) Enlightenment thinker Adam Smith believed that the government should not interfere with the economy. According to Smith, prices for goods and services should be determined only by buyers and sellers of those goods and services. This economic theory is known as

Accepted Answer

Laissez-Faire economics which is the basis for modern capitalism.

Answer

Checks and Balances, and it has been credited as the founding principle of absolutism.

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The Leviathan inspired new faith in the value of absolute monarchies.

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The Social Contract is what brought about the union of church and state.

Question 6

(Q6) Both the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) was written for what primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

To challenge the authority of an unjust king

Answer

To deny the separation of church and state

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To oppose the creation of constitutional protections

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To uphold the tradition of the divine right of kings

Question 7

(Q7) On June 17, 1789, French revolutionaries formed the National Assembly to act as a check on King Louis XVI’s power. This action represents an application of what Enlightenment concept?

Accepted Answer

Separation of Powers

Answer

Locke's Natural Rights of Man

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The Social Contract theory

Answer

Laissez-Fair Economics

Question 8

(Q8) In the late 1700s, Latin American colonists were inspired by American and French revolutionaries to rise against their European rulers. What characteristics did the American, French, and Latin American revolutions have in common?

Accepted Answer

A large segment of society had grown tired of being subject to the unjust rule of a powerful monarchy.

Answer

In all three cases, citizens were unhappy with the continued separation of church and state.

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A powerful monarchy had become eager to enact social and political reforms.

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A growing middle class wished to bring an end to representative government.

Question 9

(Q9 Pt1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.

• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.

Accepted Answer

Absolute Monarchs did not represent the will of the people

Answer

Absolute Monarchs acted in the best interest of the majority.

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The people elected absolute Monarchs.

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The government represented all the classes.

Question 10

(Q9 Pt1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.

• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.

Accepted Answer

Absolute Monarchs violated the social contract.

Answer

The Philosophers were outcasts of society and people believed they should be killed.

Answer

Too many people were conflicted over how strong the government should be.

Answer

John Locke had no impact on government.

Question 11

(Q9 PT1) Enlightenment ideas brought many changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments.

• Identify one enlightenment criticism of government under an absolute monarch.

Accepted Answer

Absolute Monarchs did not protect the Natural Rights of People.

Answer

John Locke was a double agent who secretly represented the will of the Monarch.

Answer

The Separation of Powers caused the government to be too weak.

Answer

Absolute Monarchs needed more power to keep people safe.

Question 12

(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.

Accepted Answer

A constitution or legislative body should limit absolute monarchs.

Answer

The Philosophers should run the government.

Answer

Elections were only to be voted in by the wealthy elites

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Monarchs killed the Philosophers who questioned their rule and continued to consolidate power.

Question 13

(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.

Accepted Answer

Power should be divided among the monarch and legislature.

Answer

Natural Rights would be protected by the King unless he decided the individual didn't deserve them.

Answer

The people should vote on all issues that need to be addressed.

Answer

Laissez-Faire economics should not be implemented.

Question 14

(Q9 PT2) Explain one change suggested by Enlightenment thinkers that would change the relationship between citizens and their government.

Accepted Answer

Power should be given to representative bodies.

Answer

The Kings repealed all taxation on individuals who continued to support their rule.

Answer

The Kings should give all power to the Queens, who would declare Marshall Law when necessary.

Answer

Kings would have their knights hunt down government officials violating individual natural rights.

Question 15

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' basic rights and freedoms. Identify four of these fundamental rights.

Accepted Answer

The Right to Life, Liberty, and Property (Natural Rights)

Answer

The King would give all money from taxes back to the people.

Answer

Women's Right to Vote in elections

Answer

The Right of Women to run for office.

Question 16

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld the basic rights and freedoms of individual citizens. Identify four of these basic rights.

Accepted Answer

Freedom of Speech and Expression.

Answer

The freedom of the King to tax the wealthy.

Answer

The Poor were to be given 100 acres of land to farm in an attempt to climb the social class ladder.

Answer

The King would levy heavier taxes on the poor.

Question 17

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. Identify four of these basic rights.

Accepted Answer

The Freedom of Religion

Answer

Freedom of Protest

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The right for the government to seize property.

Answer

Free Education to All Children.

Question 18

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' basic rights and freedoms. Identify four of these fundamental rights.

Accepted Answer

The Right to Overthrow an Unjust Ruler.

Answer

The right to marry whomever you want.

Answer

The Right to Bear Arms

Answer

Freedom of Sin

Question 19

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' basic rights and freedoms. Identify four of these fundamental rights.

Accepted Answer

The Right to Representation in Government

Answer

Power Given to a Supreme Court

Answer

A Congress that passes laws to assist the less fortunate.

Question 20

(Q10) Among the essential effects of the Enlightenment were those that upheld individual citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. Identify four of these basic rights.

Accepted Answer

The Right to Due Process of Law

Answer

Noone should make rules unless they are an ordinary citizen.

Answer

The right to fund elections.

Answer

A constitution will not be written unless the Monarchy agreed.

Question 21

(Vocabulary) Define the term Philosopher

Accepted Answer

Someone who offers views or theories on questions of ethics, morals, and logic relating to science or human nature.

Answer

A person restricts another individual's rights for their benefit.

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A person who ignores natural laws and reason when uncovering universal truths.

Answer

Natural born rights that each person in entitled too.

Question 22

(Vocabulary)Define the term Absolute Monarchy

Accepted Answer

A form of government where the ruler(typically a king) has unrestricted and complete power over the people.

Answer

A government which has been granted total and absolute control by those who vote leaders into power.

Answer

The system of government found in the United States where the President has final decision-making powers.

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A government system constantly changes to meet the needs of those it serves.

Question 23

(Vocabulary)Define the term Lassiez-Faire Economics

Accepted Answer

An economic theory that is strongly opposed to any government intervention in business affairs.

Answer

An economic system in which private ownership of business and property is limited. Profits and other benefits of companies are split equally amongst the people.

Answer

A totalitarian political and economic system where all wealth is shared or distributed based on need.

Answer

An economic system of government where the entire community owns businesses and property rather than individuals.

Question 24

(Vocabulary)Define the term Social Contract

Accepted Answer

An agreement among members of society to cooperate for the good of everyone, whereby people sacrifice some freedoms, so in return, the government can protect citizens.

Answer

A collection of 282 rules established and standards for commercial interactions which set fines and punishments.

Answer

The agreement between members of society to follow the Kings rules and set punishments for breaking these rules.

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The process of learning to behave in a way acceptable to society.

Question 25

(Vocabulary) Define the term Separation of Powers

Accepted Answer

Dividing the power of government between several branches so that no one individual has too much power.

Answer

A government system where slavery was abolished and those freed were able to vote in democratic elections.

Answer

A system of government where women and men are equal.

Answer

When a government gives decision-making to another country to repay war debts.

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