Malay, Chinese and Indian

religious stage (1906-1926), economic stage (1926-1938) and political stage(1938-forward) based on a time line.

China-Japan war, movement of 100 day renewal that was initiated by Kang Yu Wei, 1898 (esp in Perak and Selangor). Also influenced by Dr. Sun Yat Sen who opposed the Manchu Government. There’s also Kuomintang Party in China.

National Movement in India by Mahatma Gandhi. The success of Indian National Congress in obtaining independence in India gave hope to Indian community in Malaya.

Al-Imam, Al-Ikhwan and Neracha.

Malay teacher association in Penang first publication

Raise awareness

Malayan communist party Kesatuan Melayu Muda Kongress Melayu Seluruh tanah melayu

British representative and need to procure the signature of consent from all 9 Malay Sultans.

To unify the administrate system To control and restrict power of Malay people Lets the local rule but have to follow British political system Unite the politics of Malaya

the right of anyone born into the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship

Sultan lose his sovereignty/authority jus soli principle – the right of anyone born into the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship MU was formed without input from the Malays and was rushed Harold Mac Micheal used force and intimidation A group of ex-British officers who served in Malay Peninsula also disapproved MU such as Frank Swettenhem and George Maxwell.

State government can control health, education, land and agriculture Condition for citizenship tighten Malay were to be given special rights as the indigenous people

founded by Dato Onn Jaafar on 1946. the party was formed to oppose the MU and to unite all the Malays and defend the special rights of the Malays.

founded by John A.Thivy on 1946. it is to protect the rights of the Indian, fight for political rights in Malaya and also represent the Indian community in conveying their opinion to the Government.

founded by Tun Tan Cheng Lock on 1949. the reason is to protect the Chinese rights and to maintain harmony among the various race in the country.

draft the Federated States of Malaya constitution (take into account all 131 memorandum from organizations).

Political system used would be on Constitutional Monarchy Head of government is Prime Minister Federation would be democratic Condition for citizenship would be refined Bahasa Melayu was to become national language Islam was to be recognized as official religion but freedom of religions is allowed. The inter racial cooperation finally showed success when Independence was obtained in 31/8/1957.