Act that opened the Great Plains for settlement

the massacre by U.S. soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, in 1890

The first government agency to actually regulate private business

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions

A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.

the call for the unlimited coinage of silver

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau after a few months in office due to lack of patronage

21st President

Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage.

Major railroad companies divided the nation into 4 different zones to divide time during Chester Arthur's presidency

22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes. Only president to serve two terms not in direct succession with each other.

a large statue symbolizing hope and freedom on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. Given to USA from France in 1886.

This white obelisk, which is located on the National Mall, was built to honor George Washington completed in 1885

23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

Signed by McKinley in 1900 and stated that all paper money must be backed only by gold.

Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old-time revivalism to the industrial city

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences; the Jim Crow laws were an example of this

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African-Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self-improvement.

United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)

American bandmaster and composer who wrote comic operas and marches such as Stars and Stripes Forever (1897).

A foreign policy that discouraged European intervention in the western Hemisphere

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

The practice of conducting negotiations between countries

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Territories the U.S. gained through Spanish-American War

an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

a person working to destroy monopolies and trusts

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks, invented by Henry Ford

American bicycle mechanics; the first to build and fly an airplane, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, December 7, 1903.

1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence.

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices

Ship that sunk in 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Based on Marxist ideas and the Communist Manifesto, this was the idea that the lower classes needed to fight the upper classes and eventually create a system in which society was built on industry and there was no private property.

the belief that the physical universe, including life, was not created, but happened by chance

Major effort to reform schooling in the early 20th century to make it more democratic and responsive to children's needs. This movement was highly influential on early childhood education and later ideas about developmentally appropriate practice.