The history of Tunisia can be traced back to around the tenth century BCE, when the Phoenicians established colonies along the coast. The Phoenicians were a group of seafaring traders who brought their language, religion, and culture. They had a lasting effect on Tunisia. In 146 BCE, Tunisia became part of the Roman Empire. The Romans brought with them their language, law, and government. Tunisia became an important center of commerce and culture. In the seventh century CE, Arab armies conquered, Tunisia, and the country became part of the Muslim world. Tunisia became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1574. The Ottomans ruled over the country for almost 300 years. During this time, Tunisia became an important trade center, and the country experienced prosperity and cultural growth. The Republic of Tunisia Today In 1881, Tunisia became a protectorate of France. It gained its independence in 1956. Tunisia officially became a republic and elected its first president, Habib Bourguibain 1957. He modernized the country and improved education and the economy.