THE PIT AND THE PENDULUM

Excerpts from “The Minister’s Black Veil” by Nathaniel Hawthorne and from “The Pit and the Pendulum” by Edgar Allan Poe

GSE GRADE 11 ELA - Excerpts from “The Minister’s Black Veil” by Nathaniel Hawthorne and from “The Pit and the Pendulum” by Edgar Allan Poe

Source B: A Strong Army R. R. Wertz (2017) Qin Mausoleum and Terra Cotta Army, Exploring Chinese History - website The terra cotta figures were buried with the first Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang) in 210 - 209 BCE. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Army." All 8,099 soldiers are unique and distinguishable with different height and facial features. The soldiers are modelled after selected soldiers from the time period who were considered to be the finest of China. The figures are in several poses including standing infantry and kneeling archers as well as charioteers with horses. There are three separate pits, which represent three different sections of the army. The largest pit, and most famous, holds the infantry. The second pit contains the cavalry, and the third contains the officers. A fourth pit, which was planned but never built, is thought to be the supply unit. What is the topic of my paragraph?

Acetic acid – a chemical substance with an inhibiting effect on the growth of microorganisms and which is present in vinegar.Acetic Acid Fermentation Fermentation preserves food through the metabolic activities of selected groups of microorganisms. During the process, compounds such as lactic acid, acetic acid and alcohol are developed and result in a more or less stable food form. It makes food more nutritious as dietary source of proteins, vitamins and minerals.Vinegar is an example of the product of acetic acid fermentation which also undergoes alcoholic fermentation to complete the process.Filter – is a device, substance (like paper or charcoal), or process that separates unwanted components from a fluid Cheesecloth-is a loose-woven, gauze-like cotton fabric used for straining liquids from solids.Decant- gradually pour (liquid, typically wine or a solution) from one container into another, especially without disturbing the sediment. Sediment-is solid material (like sand, silt, clay, rocks, organic matter) broken down by weathering, transported by wind, water, or ice, and deposited in a new location, settling at the bottom of water bodies or on land.How to make vinegar?1.Grind or crash the fruit, then boil in water of the same amount as the ground flesh, peels and cores. Boil until soft, and then strain the juice through a cheesecloth2.Add ¼ (one-fourth) pound of sugar for every liter of juice extracted from fruit peels and cores. Do not add sugar when using ripe fruit.3.Add ¼ of a cake of fresh yeast that has been well-broken up, for every liter of juice. Stir very well, and then place in glass jars. Cover with a clean cloth and let the mixture stand for about two weeks .4. After two weeks, separate the clear liquid from the sediment. Prepare fresh, unpasteurized vinegar also called “mother vinegar” which is the white gummy mass that usually forms in vinegar. Add this to the liquid and mix very well. Over the container with cloth, then allow to stand in a warm place until it has acquired a flavor strong enough to use.5.Filter the clear liquids, then pour in a bottle and cover tightly.USES OF VINEGAR1. Insect salve and repellent. 2. Kill weeds and remove ants. 3. Enhance bricks. 4.Open a tight jar. 5.Clean scissors. 6.Remove smoke odors. 7. Remove pit stains. 8. Make hair shine. 9. Fruit fly trap. 10. Car care.

Brainstorm Bear Sam was setting up tables in the driveway. He noticed a brown bear up a tree nearby. "Mom, there's a bear over there!" Sam called. "What if it comes down and attacks us?" asked Sam's little sister Sarah. Mrs. Miller took Sarah's hand. "We'll keep a safe distance away" she replied. "We need to get the bear down before our yard sale starts" Sam said. "We could always cancel the yard sale," Mrs. Miller said. "I put up so many signs," Sam groaned. I know we can get the bear to come down if we just brainstorm the right idea." "Like the idea you had for the squirrels?" his mom asked. Two weeks before, Sam tried to stop the squirrels from eating all the birdseed. He dug a pit around the bird feeder and ruined his mother's tulips. "This is different," Sam said. "I promised you I'd draw all my ideas first before I actually do anything." "We could move our trampoline under the tree so the bear could jump onto it," Sarah suggested. Sam drew the idea on his notepad. He pictured the bear bouncing high into the air. "I think the trampoline's too bouncy, Sarah," he said. "Mom, what would you do to get the bear out of the tree?" Sarah asked. "I'd play a really bad song from the radio," Mrs. Miller laughed. Sam drew the idea on his notepad. He imagined the bear climbing even higher in the tree to get away from the noise. "If you play a bad song the bear will never come down," Sam sighed. "Look, the bear's eating something up there," Sarah said. "He's probably found some nuts that were stashed away by squirrels," Mrs. Miller said. "I've got it!" Sam shouted. He scribbled his plan in the notepad and showed Sarah and his mom. "We can make a trail of nuts leading back to the forest," Sam said. "Let's get nuts!" Sarah yelled. "All right, let's try it," Mrs. Miller said. Everyone raced to the chestnut tree in the backyard. "We're going to get that bear out of the tree!" Sam shouted. While they were gathering the chestnuts, the bear climbed down from the tree. Sam returned just in time to see the bear disappear into the woods behind the neighbors' house. "Aw, the bear is gone!" he said. "Look on the bright side," Mrs. Miller said. "At least you can have the yard sale now," she smiled.

Match the word to its synonym level B1 CEFR. Use the vocabulary exactly adverb precisely except that aside from exist verb to be real existing adjective real, current Example: Flying cars are not practical with existing technology. existence noun reality Example: The existence of black holes has been confirmed by indirect observation. extraordinary adjective unusual feature noun important part of something Example: The Ramon Crater is a unique feature of the Negev Desert. feedback noun reaction figure noun shape Example: I can’t tell if that figure in the shadows is a man or a woman. figure out verb understand Example: I just can’t figure out how the magician did that amazing trick. financial adjective related to money Example: Her family is having financial problems so they can’t travel overseas this year. finance verb pay for Example: If I can’t get a loan from the bank, I won’t be able to finance a new apartment. finance noun money Example: An expert in finance predicts a global recession. finding/findings noun discoveries; results of a study Example: According to the findings of the police investigation, this is the gun which fired the fatal bullet. flexibility noun willingness to change flexible adjective adjusts easily Example: I’d prefer to meet on Monday morning but I can be flexible depending upon your schedule. flood noun a lot of water flood verb to cover with too much water flu noun type of sickness focus on/upon verb pay attention to Example: You should focus on your schoolwork if you want to improve your grades. focus noun attention People with attention deficit disorder lose focus easily. frequency noun how often frequent adjective very often Example: Hanah is a frequent customer and everyone at the store knows her. fresh adjective new Example: We need some fresh ideas if we’re going to solve this problem. frighten verb scare from preposition position, starting point gain verb make an increase, profit, earn Example: I have nothing to gain by choosing sides so I shall remain neutral. gain noun profit, amount earned generate verb create, make Example: Chat GPT can generate text written in any style you choose. guidance noun help, advice hopeful adjective optimistic, having a positive outlook Example: The farmers are hopeful that we will have rain this winter. hopefully adjective with luck ideal adjective best, most preferable Example: Nuclear power may not be an ideal solution to global warming, but it’s certainly worth considering. illness noun sickness, disease illustrate verb draw pictures illustration noun picture, image Example: Children’s storybooks have colorful illustrations. image noun picture, especially on film or television Example: The mother of the pop singer cried when she first saw her daughter’s image on television. in preposition within, inside, into in terms of regarding Example: That company makes a great product but they’re lacking in terms of customer service. in actual fact in truth Example: The mayor says the city is a safe place to live, but in actual fact the violent crime rate is very high. in connection with about Example: Police arrested four men in connection with the robbery. in that case if that is true Example: Billy Bob: “Traffic could be heavy tomorrow.” Peggy Sue: “In that case, we better leave early.” in the meantime while, during Example: The new computers won’t arrive until next week, but we can keep using the old ones in the meantime. initial adjective first Example: Her initial reaction to that song was negative, but over time she’s come to like it. initially adverb at first instruction noun teaching, order Example: Most new electronic devices come with a set of instructions. intelligence noun smartness Example: Since you have a degree from a good university, I assume you have sufficient intelligence to understand this problem. intelligent adjective smart Example: Joe isn’t very intelligent, but he is a kind person with a warm heart. interest noun attraction Example: Yossi has little interest in politics, whereas his wife goes to all the protests and demonstrations. interest verb to attract Example: Sports don’t really interest me, but my brother is a big basketball fan. introduce verb to show something new Example: Today in class I will introduce the basic concepts of literary analysis. invest verb to put money into something in order to earn money Example: Joe invested in cryptocurrency and lost a lot of money. investor noun one who puts money into something in order to earn money Example: Venture capitalists are investors who put money into risky start-up businesses. investment noun putting money into something in order to earn money Example: Buying real estate in Israel is a very safe investment because the value never goes down. investigate verb research, study Example: The police collected evidence to investigate the murder. investigation noun study Example: The police don’t have a suspect for the murder as the investigation isn’t finished yet. investigator noun detective Example: Detective Schmendrick is the lead investigator for the murder case. just about almost Example: I’m just about done here so I’ll be there shortly. keep on doing verb continue Example: You’re crazy if you keep on doing the same thing and expect different results. kind of type of Example: What kind of dog is that, a poodle? knowledge noun awareness Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. lack verb not having, missing Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. landscape noun the view of the land likely adjective, adverb probably Example: When we learn from our mistakes, we’re not likely to forget. limited adjective restricted Example: We should go to the store today because the sale is for a limited time only. limitation noun restriction little adjective small, not a lot Example: She always tells the truth. I have little reason to doubt her. look at verb see Example: People used to read newspapers on the train. Nowadays they just look at their phones. low adverb to a small amount or level Example: I have to charge my phone because the battery is running low. material noun documents, information Example: We have a lot of material to cover before the end of the semester. meaning noun significance mean verb to have significance or purpose means noun form of, by the use of Example: They communicate by means of radio. measure noun step Example: The teacher took measures to prevent cheating during the test mention verb to say, point out Example: The coach said the team played very well today but didn’t mention any player specifically. miss verb (1) fail to catch (2) wishing to see somebody Examples: (1) The football player kicked the ball but missed the goal. (2) Wow, it’s good to see you! I’ve missed you so much! misunderstand verb understand incorrectly Example: I’m afraid I misunderstood the instructions. Could you repeat them please? more or less approximately, somewhat, to a varying degree Example: This is more or less a religious neighborhood, though there are a few secular families. must modal verb have to naturally adverb as expected, normally nature noun (1) open air (2) character Examples: (1) We like to go hiking in nature reserves. (2) Pit bulls are aggressive by nature.

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