The time in European history from the 5th to the late 15th century, characterized by feudalism, the rise of the Catholic Church, and a lack of classical learning.

A cultural and intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and the value of human beings, emerging in the late Middle Ages.

A powerful and influential family in Florence, known for their patronage of the arts and significant role in the political landscape of the city.

A devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the 14th century, leading to significant social, economic, and cultural changes.

A cultural movement that began in Italy during the 14th century, characterized by a revival of interest in the classical art, literature, and learning of ancient Greece and Rome.

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized the value of human beings, individualism, and the study of classical texts.

A polymath of the Renaissance known for his contributions to art, science, and engineering, famous for works like the 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'.

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches and a significant challenge to the authority of the Catholic Church.

An invention that revolutionized the spread of information in the 15th century, allowing for the mass production of books and pamphlets, significantly impacting the Reformation.

A mechanical device used for transferring text and images onto paper, revolutionizing the production of books and written materials.

The inventor of the movable type printing press in the 15th century, which significantly advanced the spread of literature and knowledge.

Individual letters or characters that can be arranged to form words and sentences, allowing for the efficient printing of multiple copies.

The process of arranging text for printing, which involves selecting and placing type in a specific layout.

The period marked by the widespread adoption of the printing press, leading to increased literacy and the dissemination of ideas.

Individuals who manually copied texts before the invention of the printing press, often responsible for preserving literature and documents.

The percentage of people who can read and write, which increased significantly due to the accessibility of printed materials.

A social system prevalent in medieval Europe where land was held by lords who granted it to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty.

A condition of semi-bondage in which peasants were tied to the land and required to provide labor and services to their lord.

A devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the 14th century, resulting in the deaths of an estimated one-third of the population.

A series of conflicts fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453, which contributed to the decline of feudalism.

A cultural movement that began in Italy in the 14th century, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, characterized by a revival of art, literature, and learning.

The division of the Christian Church in the late 14th century into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

A charter signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the king and laid the foundation for modern democracy and legal rights.

A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

The growth of urban centers in the late Middle Ages, which shifted economic power from feudal lords to merchants and craftsmen.