Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The pharmaceutical committee has recently evaluated the clinical trial results to determine the efficacy of the new vaccine."

The clinical trial results have recently been evaluated by the pharmaceutical committee to determine the efficacy of the new vaccine.

The clinical trial results was recently evaluated by the pharmaceutical committee to determine the efficacy of the new vaccine.

The clinical trial results have recently being evaluated by the pharmaceutical committee to determine the efficacy of the new vaccine.

The clinical trial results had recently been evaluated by the pharmaceutical committee to determine the efficacy of the new vaccine.

Identify the correct passive voice transformation of the following sentence: "The linguistics department is currently investigating how semantic shifts affect sociolinguistic boundaries."

How semantic shifts affect sociolinguistic boundaries is currently being investigated by the linguistics department.

How semantic shifts affect sociolinguistic boundaries was currently being investigated by the linguistics department.

How semantic shifts affect sociolinguistic boundaries are currently being investigated by the linguistics department.

How semantic shifts affect sociolinguistic boundaries is currently investigated by the linguistics department.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the following active sentence: "Economists believe that the central bank will raise interest rates by 0.25 percent in the next fiscal quarter."

It is believed that interest rates will be raised by 0.25 percent by the central bank in the next fiscal quarter.

That interest rates will raise by 0.25 percent is believed by economists in the next fiscal quarter.

Interest rates are believed to be raise by 0.25 percent by the central bank in the next fiscal quarter.

It was believed that interest rates will be raised by 0.25 percent by the central bank in the next fiscal quarter.

Which of the following represents the correct passive voice transformation of the sentence: "The appellate court has overturned the lower court's decision due to significant procedural errors recorded during the testimony."

The lower court's decision has been overturned by the appellate court due to significant procedural errors recorded during the testimony.

The lower court's decision has being overturned by the appellate court due to significant procedural errors recorded during the testimony.

The lower court's decision had been overturned by the appellate court due to significant procedural errors recorded during the testimony.

The lower court's decision was overturned by the appellate court due to significant procedural errors recorded during the testimony.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the following complex sentence: "The lab technicians should have completed the quantitative analysis of the 15 chemical samples before the end of the semester."

The quantitative analysis of the 15 chemical samples should have been completed by the lab technicians before the end of the semester.

The quantitative analysis of the 15 chemical samples should be completed by the lab technicians before the end of the semester.

The quantitative analysis of the 15 chemical samples should have completed by the lab technicians before the end of the semester.

The quantitative analysis of the 15 chemical samples should had been completed by the lab technicians before the end of the semester.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The ethics committee will be reviewing the submitted research protocols throughout the duration of the 24 -month study."

The submitted research protocols will be being reviewed by the ethics committee throughout the duration of the 24 -month study.

The submitted research protocols will be reviewed by the ethics committee throughout the duration of the 24 -month study.

The submitted research protocols have been being reviewed by the ethics committee throughout the duration of the 24 -month study.

The submitted research protocols would be being reviewed by the ethics committee throughout the duration of the 24 -month study.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following complex sentence: "The university administration is to implement a new policy concerning the distribution of research grants next semester."

A new policy concerning the distribution of research grants is to be implemented by the university administration next semester.

A new policy concerning the distribution of research grants is to implemented by the university administration next semester.

A new policy concerning the distribution of research grants was to be implemented by the university administration next semester.

A new policy concerning the distribution of research grants is being implemented by the university administration next semester.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The environmental agency found that heavy metals had contaminated the local groundwater supply prior to the implementation of the new safety regulations."

It was found by the environmental agency that the local groundwater supply had been contaminated by heavy metals prior to the implementation of the new safety regulations.

The environmental agency found that the local groundwater supply was contaminated by heavy metals prior to the implementation of the new safety regulations.

It was found by the environmental agency that heavy metals had been contaminated the local groundwater supply prior to the implementation of the new safety regulations.

It was found by the environmental agency that the local groundwater supply has been contaminated by heavy metals prior to the implementation of the new safety regulations.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The archaeological team must have discovered the ancient artifacts during the excavation of the 400 -year-old ruin."

The ancient artifacts must have been discovered by the archaeological team during the excavation of the 400 -year-old ruin.

The ancient artifacts must be been discovered by the archaeological team during the excavation of the 400 -year-old ruin.

The ancient artifacts must have being discovered by the archaeological team during the excavation of the 400 -year-old ruin.

The ancient artifacts had to have been discovered by the archaeological team during the excavation of the 400 -year-old ruin.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The board of directors considers the proposal to be a significant risk to the company's long-term liquidity."

The proposal is considered by the board of directors to be a significant risk to the company's long-term liquidity.

The proposal was considered by the board of directors to be a significant risk to the company's long-term liquidity.

The proposal is considered to being a significant risk by the board of directors to the company's long-term liquidity.

The proposal is being considered by the board of directors to be a significant risk to the company's long-term liquidity.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the sentence: "The analytical research team will have finalized the comprehensive report by next Friday."

The comprehensive report will have been finalized by the analytical research team by next Friday.

The comprehensive report would have been finalized by the analytical research team by next Friday.

The comprehensive report will be finalized by the analytical research team by next Friday.

The comprehensive report will have finalized by the analytical research team by next Friday.

Choose the correct passive voice version of the following sentence: "The ethics committee is monitoring the experimental procedures closely."

The experimental procedures are being monitored closely by the ethics committee.

The experimental procedures are monitored closely by the ethics committee.

The experimental procedures were being monitored closely by the ethics committee.

The experimental procedures have been monitored closely by the ethics committee.

Which of the following serves as the correct passive transformation for the sentence: "The linguistics professor gave the students a challenging assignment"?

The students were given a challenging assignment by the linguistics professor.

A challenging assignment has been given to the students by the linguistics professor.

A challenging assignment was give to the students by the linguistics professor.

The students are given a challenging assignment by the linguistics professor.

Identify the correct passive voice transformation of the sentence: "The scholarship board has not yet evaluated the applicants' portfolios."

The applicants' portfolios have not yet been evaluated by the scholarship board.

The applicants' portfolios were not yet evaluated by the scholarship board.

The applicants' portfolios had not yet been evaluated by the scholarship board.

The applicants' portfolios haven't yet being evaluated by the scholarship board.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The university administration should have addressed the student grievances earlier."

The student grievances should have been addressed by the university administration earlier.

The student grievances should be addressed by the university administration earlier.

The student grievances should have addressed by the university administration earlier.

The student grievances should had been addressed by the university administration earlier.

Choose the most accurate passive voice transformation for the sentence: "Students must submit their doctoral dissertations before the end of the semester."

Doctoral dissertations must be submitted by students before the end of the semester.

Doctoral dissertations must have been submitted by students before the end of the semester.

Doctoral dissertations are to be submitted by students before the end of the semester.

Doctoral dissertations must being submitted by students before the end of the semester.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the sentence: "The laboratory technician was calibrating the high-precision spectrometers when the power outage occurred."

The high-precision spectrometers were being calibrated by the laboratory technician when the power outage occurred.

The high-precision spectrometers had been calibrated by the laboratory technician when the power outage occurred.

The high-precision spectrometers was being calibrated by the laboratory technician when the power outage occurred.

The high-precision spectrometers were calibrated by the laboratory technician when the power outage occurred.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the sentence: "The architectural firm is to design the new campus library."

The new campus library is to be designed by the architectural firm.

The new campus library is being designed by the architectural firm.

The new campus library is to design by the architectural firm.

The new campus library will be designed by the architectural firm.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the sentence: "The archaeology department had uncovered the ancient ruins long before the heavy rains began."

The ancient ruins had been uncovered by the archaeology department long before the heavy rains began.

The ancient ruins had uncovered by the archaeology department long before the heavy rains began.

The ancient ruins were uncovered by the archaeology department long before the heavy rains began.

The ancient ruins have been uncovered by the archaeology department long before the heavy rains began.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the sentence: "The admissions officer will notify the successful candidates following the registration deadline."

The successful candidates will be notified by the admissions officer following the registration deadline.

The successful candidates will have been notified by the admissions officer following the registration deadline.

The successful candidates will being notified by the admissions officer following the registration deadline.

The successful candidates would be notified by the admissions officer following the registration deadline.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The research committee evaluated several complex variables during the longitudinal study."

Several complex variables were evaluated by the research committee during the longitudinal study.

The longitudinal study was evaluated by several complex variables and the research committee.

Several complex variables are being evaluated by the research committee during the longitudinal study.

Several complex variables had been evaluated by the research committee during the longitudinal study.

Identify the correct passive voice version of the following sentence: "The linguistics department is publishing a groundbreaking study on syntax this month."

A groundbreaking study on syntax is being published by the linguistics department this month.

A groundbreaking study on syntax is published by the linguistics department this month.

A groundbreaking study on syntax has been published by the linguistics department this month.

A groundbreaking study on syntax was published by the linguistics department this month.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The university administration will have finalized the new enrollment policy by the end of the semester."

The new enrollment policy will have been finalized by the university administration by the end of the semester.

The new enrollment policy will have finalized by the university administration by the end of the semester.

The new enrollment policy will be finalized by the university administration by the end of the semester.

The new enrollment policy would have been finalized by the university administration by the end of the semester.

Choose the most grammatically accurate passive transformation of the sentence: "Students must submit their ethical clearance forms before the data collection phase begins."

Ethical clearance forms must be submitted by students before the data collection phase begins.

Ethical clearance forms must have been submitted by students before the data collection phase begins.

Ethical clearance forms are being submitted by students before the data collection phase begins.

Ethical clearance forms should be submitted by students before the data collection phase begins.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The ethics board had rejected the initial proposal due to insufficient privacy safeguards."

The initial proposal had been rejected by the ethics board due to insufficient privacy safeguards.

The initial proposal was rejected by the ethics board due to insufficient privacy safeguards.

The initial proposal was being rejected by the ethics board due to insufficient privacy safeguards.

The initial proposal has been rejected by the ethics board due to insufficient privacy safeguards.

Which of the following is the correct passive voice transformation of the sentence: "The lab technicians are cleaning the industrial centrifuges after every experiment"?

The industrial centrifuges are being cleaned by the lab technicians after every experiment.

The industrial centrifuges were cleaned by the lab technicians after every experiment.

The industrial centrifuges have been cleaned by the lab technicians after every experiment.

The industrial centrifuges are cleaned by the lab technicians after every experiment.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the following complex sentence: "The scholarship committee considers applicants with a background in social advocacy as top priorities."

Applicants with a background in social advocacy are considered top priorities by the scholarship committee.

Applicants with a background in social advocacy are being considered as top priorities by the scholarship committee.

Applicants with a background in social advocacy were considered top priorities by the scholarship committee.

Top priorities are considered by the scholarship committee for applicants with a background in social advocacy.

Choose the correct passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The professor has explained the theorem of a^2 + b^2 = c^2 to the undergraduate class."

The theorem of a^2 + b^2 = c^2 has been explained to the undergraduate class by the professor.

The theorem of a^2 + b^2 = c^2 was explained to the undergraduate class by the professor.

The theorem of a^2 + b^2 = c^2 had been explained to the undergraduate class by the professor.

The theorem of a^2 + b^2 = c^2 is being explained to the undergraduate class by the professor.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The dean will provide the final budget figures at the faculty board meeting."

The final budget figures will be provided by the dean at the faculty board meeting.

The final budget figures will have been provided by the dean at the faculty board meeting.

The final budget figures were being provided by the dean at the faculty board meeting.

The final budget figures are provided by the dean at the faculty board meeting.

Choose the most appropriate passive voice transformation for the following sentence: "The editorial board has scrutinized the manuscript for potential methodological flaws."

The manuscript has been scrutinized for potential methodological flaws by the editorial board.

The manuscript was scrutinized for potential methodological flaws by the editorial board.

The manuscript is being scrutinized for potential methodological flaws by the editorial board.

The manuscript had been scrutinized for potential methodological flaws by the editorial board.

Transform sentences from active to passive

She went by the name of Belisa Crepusculario, not because she had been baptized with that name or given it by her mother, but because she herself had searched until she found the poetry of "beauty" and "twilight" and cloaked herself in it. She made her living selling words. She journeyed through the country from the high cold mountains to the burning coasts, stopping at fairs and in markets where she set up four poles covered by a canvas awning under which she took refuge from the sun and rain to minister to her customers. She did not have to peddle her merchandise because from having wandered far and near, everyone knew who she was. Some people waited for her from one year to the next, and when she appeared in the village with her bundle beneath her arm, they would form a line in front of her stall. Her prices were fair. For five centavos she delivered verses from memory, for seven she improved the quality of dreams, for nine she wrote love letters, for twelve she invented insults for irreconcilable enemies. She also sold stories, not fantasies but long, true stories she recited at one telling, never skipping a word. This is how she carried news from one town to another. People paid her to add a line or two: our son was born, so-and-so died, our children got married, the crops burned in the field. Wherever she went a small crowd gathered around to listen as she began to speak, and that was how they learned about each others' doings, about distant relatives, about what was going on in the civil war. To anyone who paid her fifty centavos in trade, she gave the gift of a secret word to drive away melancholy. It was not the same word for everyone, naturally, because that would have been collective dece it. Each person received his or her own word, with the assurance that no one else would use it that way in this universe or the Beyond. Belisa Crepusculario had been born into a family so poor they did not even have names to give their children. She came into the world and grew up in an inhospitable land where some years the rains became avalanches of water that bore everything away before them and others when not a drop fell from the sky and the sun swelled to fill the horizon and the world became a desert. Until she was twelve, Belisa had no occupation or virtue other than having withstood hunger and the exhaustion of centuries. During one interminable drought, it fell to her to bury four younger brothers and sisters, when she realized that her turn was next, she decided to set out across the 2 plains in the direction of the sea, in hopes that she might trick death along the way. The land was eroded, split with deep cracks, strewn with rocks, fossils of trees and thorny bushes, and skeletons of animals bleached by the sun. From time to time she ran into families who, like her, were heading south, following the mirage of water. Some had begun the march carrying their belongings on their back or in small carts, but they could barely move their own bones, and after a while they had to abandon their possessions. They dragged themselves along painfully, their skin turned to lizard hide and their eyes burned by the reverberating glare. Belisa greeted them with a wave as she passed, but she did not stop, because she had no strength to waste in acts of compassion. Many people fell by the wayside, but she was so stubborn that she survived to cross through that hell and at long last reach the first trickles of water, fine, almost invisible threads that fed spindly vegetation and farther down widened into small streams and marshes. Belisa Crepusculario saved her life and in the process accidentally discovered writing. In a village near the coast, the wind blew a page of newspaper at her feet. She picked up the brittle yellow paper and stood a long while looking at it, unable to determine its purpose, until curiosity overcame her shyness. She walked over to a man who was washing his horse in the muddy pool where she had quenched her thirst. "What is this?" she asked. "The sports page of the newspaper," the man replied, concealing his surprise at her ignorance. The answer astounded the girl, but she did not want to seem rude, so she merely inquired about the significance of the fly tracks scattered across the page. "Those are words, child. Here it says that Fulgencio Barba knocked out El Negro Tiznao in the third round." That was the day Belisa Crepusculario found out that words make their way in the world without a master, and that anyone with a little cleverness can appropriate them and do business with them. She made a quick assessment of her situation and concluded that aside from becoming a prostitute or working as a servant in the kitchens of the rich there were few occupations she was qualified for. It seemed to her that selling words would be an honorable alternative. From that moment on, she worked at that profession, and was never tempted by any other. At the beginning, she offered her merchandise unaware that words could be written outside of newspapers. When she learned otherwise, she calculated the infinite possibilities of her trade and with her savings paid a priest twenty pesos to teach her to read and write, with her three 3 remaining coins she bought a dictionary. She poured over it from A to Z and then threw it into the sea, because it was not her intention to defraud her customers with packaged words. One August morning several years later, Belisa Crepusculario was sitting in her tent in the middle of a plaza, surrounded by the uproar of market day, selling legal arguments to an old man who had been trying for sixteen years to get his pension. Suddenly she heard yelling and thudding hoofbeats. She looked up from her writing and saw, first, a cloud of dust, and then a band of horsemen come galloping into the plaza. They were the Colonel's men, sent under orders of El Mulato, a giant known throughout the land for the speed of his knife and his loyalty to his chief. Both the Colonel and El Mulato had spent their lives fighting in the civil war, and their names were ineradicably linked to devastation and calamity. The rebels swept into town like a stampeding herd, wrapped in noise, bathed in sweat, and leaving a hurricane of fear in their trail. Chickens took wing, dogs ran for their lives, women and children scurried out of sight, until the only living soul left in the market was Belisa Crepusculario. She had never seen El Mulato and was surprised to see him walking toward her. "I'm looking for you," he shouted, pointing his coiled whip at her, even before the words were out, two men rushed her -- knocking over her canopy and shattering her inkwell -- bound her hand and foot, and threw her like a sea bag across the rump of El Mulato's mount. Then they thundered off toward the hills. Hours later, just as Belisa Crepusculario was near death, her heart ground to sand by the pounding of the horse, they stopped, and four strong hands set her down. She tried to stand on her feet and hold her head high, but her strength failed her and she slumped to the ground, sinking into a confused dream. She awakened several hours later to the murmur of night in the camp, but before she had time to sort out the sounds, she opened her eyes and found herself staring into the impatient glare of El Mulato, kneeling beside her. "Well, woman, at last you've come to," he said. To speed her to her senses, he tipped his canteen and offered her a sip of liquor laced with gunpowder. She demanded to know the reason for such rough treatment, and El Mulato explained that the Colonel needed her services. He allowed her to splash water on her face, and then led her to the far end of the camp where the most feared man in all the land was lazing in a hammock strung between two trees. She could not see his face, because he lay in the deceptive shadow of the leaves and the indelible shadow of all his years as a bandit, but she imagined from the way his 4 gigantic aide addressed him with such humility that he must have a very menacing expression. She was surprised by the Colonel's voice, as soft and well-modulated as a professor's. "Are you the woman who sells words?" he asked. "At your service," she stammered, peering into the dark and trying to see him better. The Colonel stood up, and turned straight toward her. She saw dark skin and the eyes of a ferocious puma, and she knew immediately that she was standing before the loneliest man in the world. "I want to be President," he announced. The Colonel was weary of riding across that godforsaken land, waging useless wars and suffering defeats that no subterfuge could transform into victories. For years he had been sleeping in the open air, bitten by mosquitoes, eating iguanas and snake soup, but those minor inconveniences were not why he wanted to change his destiny. What truly troubled him was the terror he saw in people's eyes. He longed to ride into a town beneath a triumphal arch with bright flags and flowers everywhere, he wanted to be cheered, and be given newly laid eggs and freshly baked bread. Men fled at the sight of him, children trembled, and women miscarried from fright, he had had enough, and so he had decided to become President. El Mulato had suggested that they ride to the capital, gallop up to the Palace, and take over the government, the way they had taken so many other things without anyone's permission. The Colonel, however, did not want to be just another tyrant, there had been enough of those before him and, besides, if he did that, he would never win people's hearts. It was his aspiration to win the popular vote in the December elections. "To do that, I have to talk like a candidate. Can you sell me the words for a speech?" the Colonel asked Belisa Crepusculario. She had accepted many assignments, but none like this. She did not dare refuse, fearing that El Mulato would shoot her between the eyes, or worse still, that the Colonel would burst into tears. There was more to it than that, however, she felt the urge to help him because she felt a throbbing warmth beneath her skin, a powerful desire to touch that man, to fondle him, to clasp him in her arms. All night and a good part of the following day, Belisa Crepusculario searched her repertory for words adequate for a presidential speech, closely watched by El Mulato, who could not take his eyes from her firm wanderer's legs and virginal breasts. She discarded harsh, cold words, words 5 that were too flowery, words worn from abuse, words that offered improbable promises, untruthful and confusing words, until all she had left were words sure to touch the minds of men and women's intuition. Calling upon the knowledge she had purchased from the priest for twenty pesos, she wrote the speech on a sheet of paper and then signaled El Mulato to untie the rope that bound her ankles to a tree. He led her once more to the Colonel, and again she felt the throbbing anxiety that had seized her when she first saw him. She handed him the paper and waited while he looked at it, holding it gingerly between thumbs and fingertips. "What the shit does this say," he asked finally. "Don't you know how to read?" "War's what I know," he replied. She read the speech aloud. She read it three times, so her client could engrave it on his memory. When she finished, she saw the emotion in the faces of the soldiers who had gathered round to listen, and saw that the Colonel's eyes glittered with enthusiasm, convinced that with those words the presidential chair would be his. "If after they've heard it three times, the boys are still standing there with their mouths hanging open, it must mean the thing's damn good, Colonel" was El Mulato's approval. "All right, woman. How much do I owe you?" the leader asked. "One peso, Colonel." "That's not much," he said, opening the pouch he wore at his belt, heavy with proceeds from the last foray. "The peso entitles you to a bonus. I'm going to give you two secret words," said Belisa Crepusculario. "What for?" She explained that for every fifty centavos a client paid, she gave him the gift of a word for his exclusive use. The Colonel shrugged. He had no interest at all in her offer, but he did not want to be impolite to someone who had served him so well. She walked slowly to the leather stool where he was sitting, and bent down to give him her gift. The man smelled the scent of a mountain cat issuing from the woman, a fiery heat radiating from her hips, he heard the terrible whisper of her hair, and a breath of sweetmint murmured into his ear the two secret words that were his alone. "They are yours, Colonel," she said as she stepped back. "You may use them as much as you 6 please." El Mulato accompanied Belisa to the roadside, his eyes as entreating as a stray dog's, but when he reached out to touch her, he was stopped by an avalanche of words he had never heard before; believing them to be an irrevocable curse, the flame of his desire was extinguished. During the months of September, October, and November the Colonel delivered his speech so many times that had it not been crafted from glowing and durable words it would have turned to ash as he spoke. He travelled up and down and across the country, riding into cities with a triumphal air, stopping in even the most forgotten villages where only the dump heap betrayed a human presence, to convince his fellow citizens to vote for him. While he spoke from a platform erected in the middle of the plaza, El Mulato and his men handed out sweets and painted his name on all the walls in gold frost. No one paid the least attention to those advertising ploys; they were dazzled by the clarity of the Colonel's proposals and the poetic lucidity of his arguments, infected by his powerful wish to right the wrongs of history, happy for the first time in their lives. When the Candidate had finished his speech, his soldiers would fire their pistols into the air and set off firecrackers, and when finally they rode off, they left behind a wake of hope that lingered for days on the air, like the splendid memory of a comet's tail. Soon the Colonel was the favorite. No one had ever witnessed such a phenomenon: a man who surfaced from the civil war, covered with scars and speaking like a professor, a man whose fame spread to every corner of the land and captured the nation's heart. The press focused their attention on him. Newspapermen came from far away to interview him and repeat his phrases, and the number of his followers and enemies continued to grow. "We're doing great, Colonel," said El Mulato, after twelve successful weeks of campaigning. But the Candidate did not hear. He was repeating his secret words, as he did more and more obsessively. He said them when he was mellow with nostalgia; he murmured them in his sleep; he carried them with him on horseback; he thought them before delivering his famous speech; and he caught himself savoring them in his leisure time. And every time he thought of those two words, he thought of Belisa Crepusculario, and his senses were inflamed with the memory of her feral scent, her fiery heat, the whisper of her hair, and her sweetmint breath in his ear, until he began to go around like a sleepwalker, and his men realized that he might die before he ever sat in the presidential chair. "What's got hold of you, Colonel," El Mulato asked so often that finally one day his chief broke 7 down and told him the source of his befuddlement: those two words that were buried like two daggers in his gut. "Tell me what they are and maybe they'll lose their magic," his faithful aide suggested. "I can't tell them, they're for me alone," the Colonel replied. Saddened by watching his chief decline like a man with a death sentence on his head, El Mulato slung his rifle over his shoulder and set out to find Belisa Crepusculario. He followed her trail through all that vast country, until he found her in a village in the far south, sitting under her tent reciting her rosary of news. He planted himself, spraddle-legged, before her, weapon in hand. "You! You're coming with me," he ordered. She had been waiting. She picked up her inkwell, folded the canvas of her small stall, arranged her shawl around her shoulders, and without a word took her place behind El Mulato's saddle. They did not exchange so much as a word in all the trip; El Mulato's desire for her had turned into rage, and only his fear of her tongue prevented his cutting her to shreds with his whip. Nor was he inclined to tell her that the Colonel was in a fog, and that a spell whispered into his ear had done what years of battle had not been able to do. Three days later they arrived at the encampment, and immediately, in view of all the troops, El Mulato led his prisoner before the Candidate. "I brought this witch here so you can give her back her words, Colonel," El Mulato said, pointing the barrel of his rifle at the woman's head. "And then she can give you back your manhood." The Colonel and Belisa Crepusculario stared at each other, measuring one another from a distance. The men knew then that their leader would never undo the witchcraft of those accursed words, because the whole world could see the voracious-puma eyes soften as the woman walked to him and took his hand in hers. Copyright © 1989 by Isabel Allende From The Stories of Eva Luna, Translated by Margaret Sayers Peden

## Fill in the Blank Fill in the blank with the correct words: 1. Work is the use of _____________ to move an object. _____________ 2. Only the part of the applied force that acts in the same _____________ as motion does work. _____________ 3. Work transfers _____________ from one form to another. _____________ 4. The unit of work is the _____________ (J). _____________ 5. The formula for work is _____________ . _____________ [Word Bank]: force, direction, energy, joule, $W = F \times d$ ## Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question: 1. Which statement best describes when work is done on an object? * A. A force acts on the object while it moves in the same direction as the force. * B. A force acts on the object while it does not move. * C. The object moves but no force is applied. * D. A force acts opposite to the motion and the object does not move. 2. If a force of 10 N moves an object 3 m in the same direction as the force, how much work is done? * A. 3 J * B. 10 J * C. 30 J * D. 13 J 3. Which unit correctly measures work? * A. Newton (N) * B. Meter (m) * C. Joule (J) * D. Watt (W) 4. If a force acts perpendicular to the motion of an object, how much work does that component do? * A. Maximum work * B. Zero work * C. Negative work * D. Equal to force times distance 5. Using the example from the passage, the work done lifting a 30 N dog 2 m is: * A. 15 J * B. 60 J * C. 32 J * D. 90 J ## Open-Ended Questions Answer the following questions in complete sentences: 1. Explain in your own words why only the component of force in the direction of motion does work. 2. A student pushes a box with a 25 N horizontal force and the box moves 4 m horizontally. Calculate the work done and show your steps using the formula from the passage. 3. Describe one real-life example (not in the passage) where work transfers energy from one form to another. Identify the force, the distance, and the energy transfer.

Environmental Protection — Vocabulary Quiz (B1+) 🧠 1. What does “renewable energy” mean? a) Energy that never runs out and comes from nature 🌞 b) Energy that comes only from coal and oil c) Energy that can’t be used again d) Energy made from plastic ✅ Correct answer: a) Energy that never runs out and comes from nature 🌞 🧃 2. What are “single-use plastics”? a) Plastics that can be recycled many times b) Plastics used once and then thrown away 🚯 c) Plastics that last forever d) Plastics used only for energy production ✅ Correct answer: b) Plastics used once and then thrown away 🚯 🗑️ 3. What is “waste”? a) Things we eat b) Things we throw away because we don’t need them ♻️ c) Energy from the sun d) Clean water and air ✅ Correct answer: b) Things we throw away because we don’t need them ♻️ 🌱 4. What does “reduce” mean in the context of environmental protection? a) To use more of something b) To make or use less of something 🔽 c) To destroy nature d) To create pollution ✅ Correct answer: b) To make or use less of something 🔽 ♻️ 5. What does “recycle” mean? a) To use materials again instead of throwing them away b) To burn plastic waste c) To stop using energy d) To clean streets ✅ Correct answer: a) To use materials again instead of throwing them away 💬 6. Choose the correct sentence: a) We should recycle waste to protect the environment. ✅ b) We should throw away all plastic bottles. c) Renewable energy is bad for nature. d) We need more single-use plastics in our cities. ✅ Correct answer: a) We should recycle waste to protect the environment. 🌿 7. Fill in the blank: We can ______ pollution if we use public transport and save electricity. a) recycle b) reduce c) waste d) throw ✅ Correct answer: b) reduce 💡 8. True or False: “Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy.” ✅ Answer: True ☀️💨 🏆 9. Which of these actions helps protect the environment the most? a) Using renewable energy b) Buying single-use plastics c) Producing more waste d) Throwing rubbish in the street ✅ Correct answer: a) Using renewable energy 🌎 10. Complete the sentence: People should ______ paper, glass, and plastic to keep the planet clean. a) waste b) reduce c) recycle d) ignore ✅ Correct answer: c) recycle

Transform sentences in present perfect tense into the passive

Transform the following affirmative sentences in simple present (verb be), and simple future (will) into questions

Possessives. Trasnsform all the sentences or phrases into possessives

Here’s your **edited version** of the activity, now focused on **Shirley Jackson’s *“The Lottery”*** and **past and present participles**, while keeping the fun “Great Grammar Magician” game theme: --- ### 🎩 THE GREAT GRAMMAR MAGICIAN: “THE LOTTERY SPELL!” 🍀 It seems like you already know how **past and present participles** can transform simple verbs into more descriptive and expressive words. Now, it’s time to show your magical grammar powers and help the Great Grammar Magician complete her enchanting performance inspired by *“The Lottery”* by Shirley Jackson! --- ### 🌼 **THE LOTTERY SPELL!** **Directions:** The class will be divided into two groups, and each group will work together to help the Great Grammar Magician finish her magical act! Each group will receive **three magic flags** that can be used as advantages during the game: 🟩 **Green Flag** – Use for a clue about the question. 🟨 **Yellow Flag** – Use to look at the question first and decide whether to answer it or choose another one. 🟦 **Blue Flag** – Use to get another chance to answer the same question. The goal is to earn the **highest points** as a group. The first representative to raise their hand gets to choose a question to answer. There will be **six questions**, representing the **six stones** drawn during the “lottery.” Each stone contains a **Magic Spell Card** with a question your group must answer correctly to earn a point. --- ### 🪄 **MAGIC SPELL QUESTIONS** **1. Remembering** **Question:** Who is the author of *“The Lottery”?* **Expected Answer:** Shirley Jackson. --- **2. Understanding** **Question:** What is *“The Lottery”* mainly about? **Expected Answer:** It’s about a small town that follows a cruel tradition of holding a lottery where one person is chosen to be sacrificed. --- **3. Applying** **Question:** Identify a **past or present participle** used in *“The Lottery.”* Explain its function in the sentence. **Expected Answer:** Example: *“The children assembled first, of course.”* — “assembled” is a **past participle** used to describe what the children did before the lottery began. --- **4. Analyzing** **Question:** How does Shirley Jackson use participles to create suspense or describe actions in the story? **Expected Answer:** Participles like “gathered,” “watching,” or “whispered” make the actions more vivid and help build tension in the story. --- **5. Evaluating** **Question:** Do you think the townspeople’s calm behavior (described with participles like “smiling,” “talking,” “laughing”) makes the story more shocking? Why or why not? **Expected Answer:** (Open-ended) Yes, because the ordinary actions make the violent ending more disturbing / No, because it just shows how normal the ritual is to them. --- **6. Creating** **Question:** Write your own short two-line description using **past or present participles** to show tension or fear in a situation like the one in *“The Lottery.”* **Expected Answer:** (Open-ended) Example: *Shaking hands held the paper tight.* *The crowd waited, holding their breath.* --- ### 🪶 **Tie-Breaker Question** **Question:** If you were in *“The Lottery,”* what would you be doing as the black box was brought out? Use at least one participle in your answer. **Expected Answer:** (Open-ended; checks creativity and grammar) Example: *Standing in silence, I would watch the slips being drawn, my heart pounding.* --- Would you like me to make this version **visually formatted for a classroom printout** (e.g., with bold headers, emojis, and clear section boxes)?

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