TRY HARD ASEAN QUIZE (Maybe)

Ethan, college basketball player from Chicago, USA My day starts at 8 am with the weight training program. We do a ten- minute warm-up, and then it's hard work for 50 minutes. At nine o'clock my classes start. When we have an away match, we can't do so much school work. When we are back at school, we have to work harder than the others. But I'm not complaining - I've been in the team for more than a year now, and it's cool. I have a break between 1.00 and 2.30. I try to take only 30 minutes for lunch and the rest I use for studying. The afternoon is full of classes and practice. At night I have to watch videos of games, I have to read books about basketball and study for my exams, too. When I finally go to bed - often nearly midnight - I'm completely exhausted!

Word Definition assassin Someone who murders a well-known person avenge to hurt or get back at someone because they have offended you defensive used to protect someone or something from harm slavery the system that forced African Americans to work for an owner and be treated like property. tyrant a ruler who uses power in a cruel and unfair way accept to be okay with something that is challenging or unpleasant support to agree with an idea or person because you believe it is important familiar often seen or understood intend to plan to do something; reach a goal manage to do something that is difficult or unpleasant, especially after trying hard. attempt to try to do something that is difficult or challenging

Most people think that housework is boring and is the responsibility of wives and mothers only. Many parents don’t ask their children to do housework so that they have more time to play or study. However, studies show doing chores is good for children. Kids who do housework develop important life skills that they will need for the rest of their lives. Doing the laundry, cleaning the house, and taking care of others are among the important skills that children will need when they start their own families. These are the things that schools cannot fully teach, so it’s important for children to learn them at home. Sharing housework also helps young people learn to take responsibility. They know that they have to try to finish their tasks even though they do not enjoy doing them. Doing chores also helps develop children’s gratitude to their parents. When doing housework, they learn to appreciate all the hard work their parents do around the house for them. In addition, doing chores together helps strengthen family bonds, creating special moments between children and parents. It makes children feel they are members of a team. All in all, doing housework can bring a lot of benefits to children. It teaches them life skills and helps build their character. Therefore, parents should encourage their kids to share the housework for their own good as well as the good of the whole family.

How is personal data collected? There are several ways that an unauthorised person can try and collect your data. These include: •phishing •smishing •vishing •pharming. Phishing Phishing is when a person sends a legitimate looking email to a user. The email contains a link to a website that also looks legitimate. The user is encouraged to click the link and to input personal data into a form on the website. The email could also simply ask the user to reply to the email with their personal data. The user is tricked into giving their personal data to a source that they believe is legitimate. However, both the email and the linked website are from a fake unauthorised source. The personal data that is input is then collected by an unauthorised person. This person can then use this data for criminal acts, for example, to commit fraud or steal the person's identity. Intimidation has become a common feature of phishing emails, threatening the user that they must click the link and rectify a situation immediately, or there will be a further issue. The aim of a phishing attack is to steal the user's personal data. Figure 5.1: Phishing. A real-life example of phishing PayPal have been the subject of several different phishing emails. Users receive an email that looks as though it has been sent from PayPal, as it has the PayPal branding. The email normally warns of an issue such as unexpected activity on their account, or that some kind of verification of their account is required. The user is then asked to click a link to log into their account and resolve the issue. The link takes them to a webpage that looks like the PayPal login page. If the user inputs their login details into this page, they will not be taken to their account. It is often at this stage that the user may realise that the email and webpage are fake. However, they have already given the unauthorised person their PayPal login details. Figure 5.2: An example of a phishing email claiming to be from PayPal. How to recognise phishing There are several guidelines to be aware of regarding emails to avoid being subjected to phishing. These include: •Don't even open an email that is not from a sender that you recognise or a trusted source. •Legitimate companies will never ask you for your personal data using email. Be immediately suspicious of any email that requests your personal data. •Legitimate companies will normally address you by your name. Be suspicious of any email that addresses you as ‘Dear Member' or ‘Dear Customer'. •Legitimate companies will send an email that uses their domain name. If you hover your mouse over the sender's name, it will show the email address that the email is sent from. If this does not look legitimate, for example, does not contain the correct domain name, then it is probably fake. For example, if the sender's email is user@paypal1.com rather than user@paypal.com, this is from an incorrect domain name. •Legitimate companies are protective of their professional reputation and thoroughly check any communications. They will make sure that all information given is grammatically and correctly spelt. Be suspicious of any email that contains bad grammar or spelling mistakes. •A link in an email from a legitimate company will also normally contain the domain name of the company. You can sometimes hover over the link, or right click and inspect the link, to see the address of the URL that is attached. If the URL does not contain the domain name, or also contains typical errors such as spelling mistakes, then be suspicious of this. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 5.02 Ask a friend or a member of your family if they have ever received an email that they believed was a phishing email. Ask them how they identified it was phishing. Ask them if they know all of the given guidelines for identifying phishing emails. Smishing Smishing (or SMS phishing) is a variant of phishing that uses SMS text messages to lure the user into providing their personal details. The user is sent an SMS text message that either contains a link to a website, in the same way that phishing does, or it will ask the user to call a telephone number to resolve an urgent issue. The same advice can be followed for smishing as given for phishing. The user must question at all times any links that are sent from an unknown or suspicious user. It is advisable that if a user believes the message may be legitimate, to type in the domain name for the legitimate company website into their web browser, rather than following the link in the message. Users should block any numbers that they believe are suspicious to prevent any further risk of smishing from that number. Figure 5.3: Smishing. Vishing Vishing (or voice phishing) has the same aim as phishing, to obtain a user's personal details. The user receives a telephone call that could either be an automated system or could be a real person. An automated voice could speak to the user and advise them that an issue has occurred, such as there has been suspicious activity regarding their bank account. The user may then be asked to call another number, or just to simply press a digit and be directed to another automated system. This system will ask them to provide their bank account details to resolve the issue. The bank account details have then been obtained by the unauthorised user and can be used to commit a crime against the user. The automated system could be replaced by a real person who will try to do the same thing. They will try to convince the user that there has been an issue with an account they have and to provide the log-in details or PIN for the account to verify who they are so the issue can be resolved. The precaution to take for vishing is that no company will ever call you and ask you to provide any log-in details or PIN details over the telephone. They may ask you to provide other personal information, and if you are in doubt that the person on the other end of the phone is legitimate, it is always advisable to put the phone down and call the company back on a legitimate number that you may already know or can obtain. Figure 5.4: Vishing. Pharming Pharming is when an unauthorised user installs malicious code on a person's hard drive or server. The malicious code is designed to redirect a user to a fake website when they type in the address of a legitimate one. The fake website is designed to look like the legitimate one, to trick the user and make sure they are not aware that their request has been redirected. The user will then enter their personal details into the fake website, believing it is the legitimate one, and the unauthorised person will now have their personal data. A common technique used in pharming is called domain name server (DNS) cache poisoning. This technique exploits vulnerabilities in the DNS and diverts the internet traffic intended for a legitimate server toward a fake one instead. The unauthorised user needs to find a way to install the malicious code on the computer. They often hide the malicious code in an email attachment or link. When the user opens the email attachment or clicks the link, the malicious code is downloaded also. Figure 5.5: Pharming. The aim of a pharming attack is also to steal a user's personal data. A real-life example of pharming In 2007 50 different companies all over the world were subject to a pharming attack, these included PayPal, eBay, Barclays bank and American Express. Over a three-day period, hackers managed to infect over 1000 PCs a day with a malicious pharming code. When users who had been infected visited the websites of the different companies, they were redirected to a legitimate-looking version of the site that was designed to steal their personal data. The original email, containing the malicious code, was set up to look like a shocking news story. Users were encouraged to click a link in the email to find out more information. The code was downloaded when the user clicked the link. This was quite a sophisticated attack that required legitimate looking websites to be set up for a large number of companies. It is not known how much money the hackers were able to retrieve as a result. How to prevent pharming All of the guidelines to avoid being subjected to phishing are also relevant for recognising pharming. There are also several other precautions that can be taken to check for pharming attacks. These include: •Have a firewall installed and operational. A firewall monitors incoming and outgoing traffic from your computer. It checks this traffic against set criteria and will flag and stop any traffic that does not meet the criteria. A firewall could detect and block suspicious traffic, such as a malicious code trying to enter your system. •Have an anti-virus program installed that is designed to detect malicious pharming code. You need to scan your computer on a regular basis to check for any malicious code. It is advisable to set up an automatic scan on a daily basis at a time when your computer will normally be switched on. •Be aware when using public Wi-Fi connections. A hacker could look to directly access your computer and install the malicious code if you are connected to a public Wi-Fi connection. It is often advisable to use a VPN when using public Wi-Fi. This will help shield your internet activity and personal details from a hacker, making it more difficult for them to access your computer. Smishing can also be used as a form of pharming. A user is sent a link, that when they click is designed to download malware onto their mobile device. Therefore, it is advisable to have security software installed on your mobile and also scan it regularly to detect any presence of malware.

Ella, drama student from Sydney, Australia 6.45: I'm not good at getting up early. Three alarm clocks - at 6.30, 6.40 and 6.50. 8.00: Voice training. Important for an actor. 8.45: Gymnastics - I like it. It helps me concentrate better and makes me feel good. 9.30: Singing and dance workshop. It's hard work, but it gives me energy. Music and rhythm. Love it! 11.00: First break-drink, drink, drink- water, of course. No drinks with sugar in them. Makes the body and the mind tired. 11.15: Performance workshop. Hard work. Our teachers are fantastic, but they tell you when you make mistakes! 12.30: Lunch break - I eat nuts and fruit, or a salad at one of the cafés nearby. I never eat carbohydrates, you know, pasta or other heavy stuff. 2.00: A lecture about acting, for example, how to move on the stage, what to do with your hands, etc. Not always easy to concentrate after lunch. 3.30: Short break. I try not to fall asleep. The day has been very firing! 3.45: Voice training workshop, dance and singing. 6.00: Evening rehearsal. We practise for a performance at the end of term. We're doing a musical this term. Hard work and great fun. 9.00: I go home. 10.00: Zzzzl

I'd Like to Be I'd like to be a happy clown and make everyone laugh. I'd wear big clothes, and a bright red nose, and be pleased with all I have. I'd like to be an athlete, and play basketball each day. I'd leap so high I could touch the sky, and make baskets along the way. I'd like to be a gardener and grow healthy things to eat. I'd plant my seeds, water them, and pull weeds. My garden would be hard to beat. I'd like to be a mermaid and swim in the deep blue sea. The fish and whales could tell their tales, while dolphins sang to me. I'd like to be a cowboy and ride horses every day. And then at night, I would tie them tight and feed them lots of hay. I'd like to be a dancer and twirl and jump and fly. I'd wear fluffy skirts and fancy shirts. People would clap as I danced by. I'd like to be an artist and try to paint the land. I would paint the water blue and the great skies, too. The ground would be the color of sand. I'd like to be a pirate. I would have to be brave and bold. I would sail with a crew on oceans of blue to look for treasure and gold. I'd like to be an astronaut and fly up to the moon. In outer space, I'd find a place to eat without a spoon. I'd like to be a zookeeper and care for birds and snakes. I'd give them food, and watch their moods, and on birthdays give them cakes. I'd like to be a musician and play songs every day. I would play the trumpet, or guitar and strum it, making music my own way. The moral of this lesson is to be what you can be. Dare to dream, and listen to your talents to find what you will be.

Write 5 multiple choice questions for the following transcript ...Setting goals and budgeting. [tranquil music] Getting where you want to be involves three important skills. Setting realistic goals, knowing your net worth, and budgeting. [energetic music] Setting goals is a way to get control of your life. A goal is not the same as a dream. It's not pie in the sky stuff. It's something that's achievable and it comes with a time frame. If you have a big goal, like buying a house in five years' time, you might need a plan that involves a whole series of mini goals to get you there in stages. The important is finding something you know you can do. Most people find longterm goals hard to stick to. Don't worry about it. If 10 years seems too far away, set your horizons a little closer. Give yourself a set sum of money to save in the next few years. You can use it as a springboard to get to your next goal and it'll get you in the savings habit. Changes in your life circumstances may also affect your goal, so use this opportunity to review them. Think about your financial goals when you have some quiet time. It may sound a little obsessive, but write down what they are and how you're going to achieve them. Be specific, be realistic, and always, always keep your goals within reach. Achieving a goal is a great excuse to celebrate, so don't forget to reward yourself for your achievement. [energetic music] Imagine if tomorrow you had to sell everything you own and pay off everything you owe the bank or anyone else, would you be left with much? Would you be left with anything? That figure is called your net worth. It's a measure of your actual financial wealth and growing it over time is what getting sorted is all about. Use Sorted's net work calculator to find out where you're at. Decide what you want your net worth to be in a year's time. Think about your cash and other assets and work out how you might get there. Monitoring and growing your net worth over time is the thing that will eventually get you to retirement in good shape. [energetic music] Budgeting is another one of those, I can't believe I didn't do something so basic, type of things. Do a budget. Stick to it and you're in control. There are two approaches to budgeting. The first is what we call cold turkey. Each time you get paid, you work out what you need to pay for all your essentials. Use Sorted's budget calculator to do this. You then take the rest and put it straight into savings. Going cold turkey on all those other things that you usually throw your money away on. Be realistic with your savings. Don't be too hard on yourself as it could take time for you to get into the saving habit. But if you remove the temptation to spend, you'll improve your financial position each month. If that seems a bit rigorous, try the alternative nip and tick approach. Do a budget using Sorted's budget calculator and then take a hard look at where your money's going. We're prepared to bet there's a nip here and a tuck there that will result in savings and every month you save, you increase your net worth. So go to it. ChatGPT What are the three important skills needed to achieve your financial goals? A) Budgeting, investing, and saving B) Setting realistic goals, knowing your net worth, and budgeting C) Planning, tracking, and monitoring How can you make a big goal more achievable? A) By dreaming about it often B) By breaking it down into a series of mini goals C) By setting a longer time frame What is net worth? A) The amount of money you have in savings B) The value of everything you own minus what you owe C) The amount of money you earn each year What are the two approaches to budgeting mentioned in the transcript? A) Cold turkey and warm turkey B) Nip and tuck and cold turkey C) Nip and tick and warm turkey How can you increase your net worth every month? A) By dreaming about your financial goals B) By sticking to a budget and removing the temptation to spend C) By investing in high-risk stocks

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