UAA ENGLISH 5 READING FINAL EXAM A-D 2020

Computers and girls The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, “Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside de classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says he´s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid they might do something that harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girl´s computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, “The number one reason girls told us they don´t like computer games is not because they´re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they´re incredibly boring.” Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what´s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn´t want to play on a computer, it was just a content thing.” The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the next century. 1. According to researchers boys and girls have the same access to computers.

Computers and girls The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, “Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside de classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says he´s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid they might do something that harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girl´s computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, “The number one reason girls told us they don´t like computer games is not because they´re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they´re incredibly boring.” Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what´s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn´t want to play on a computer, it was just a content thing.” The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the next century. 2. Boys must use computers to process words.

Computers and girls The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, “Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside de classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says he´s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid they might do something that harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girl´s computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, “The number one reason girls told us they don´t like computer games is not because they´re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they´re incredibly boring.” Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what´s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn´t want to play on a computer, it was just a content thing.” The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the next century. 3. Girls aren´t able to use computers as confident as boys.

Computers and girls The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, “Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside de classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says he´s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid they might do something that harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girl´s computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, “The number one reason girls told us they don´t like computer games is not because they´re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they´re incredibly boring.” Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what´s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn´t want to play on a computer, it was just a content thing.” The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the next century. 4. Purple Moon realized that girls are using more the computers than boys.

Computers and girls The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, “Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information. After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside de classroom. The instructor of this computer lab says he´s already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid they might do something that harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girl´s computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, “The number one reason girls told us they don´t like computer games is not because they´re too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they´re incredibly boring.” Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what´s going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, “What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn´t want to play on a computer, it was just a content thing.” The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the next century. 5. The technology gender gap will probably be closed in the future.

What is the most popular sport in the world? Most people would probably say soccer, because of the many millions who play it and the even larger number who watch it on television. There are some, however, who say the correct answer is basketball – not because of its TV audience, which is certainly smaller than that for soccer, but because the number of people who regularly play the game might be higher (at least 300 million, according to most estimates). In China, for example, which has a population of 1.3 billion, more people play basketball than soccer, and it is becoming more popular all the time. Basketball has existed for less time than some of the world´s other major sports. It was invented in the early 1890s by a Canadian, James Naismith, working at a college in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Wanting to create a game that could be played indoors during the long winters but would also be active enough to keep people in shape, he had the idea of two teams of players trying to throw a ball into a basket that was above their heads. Early basketball looked different from the game today: for example, the basket didn´t have a hole in the bottom, so every time a player threw the ball in, someone had to go up to get it out again! Another difference is dribbling, which is when a player in modern basketball bounces the ball off the floor while moving across the court: it didn´t exist in early basketball because the balls didn´t bounce well enough. One thing that hasn´t changed, though, is the height of the baskets: James Naismith put the first one 10 feet (3.05 meters) off the floor, and that´s where they´ve stayed. The biggest international TV audiences in modern basketball are for games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America, a league of 30 teams (29 from the United States and one from Canada), including famous names such as the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics, and Los Angeles Lakers. Most of the players in the NBA are American, but there are also some foreign stars such as Yao Ming from China and Dirk Nowitski from Germany who belong to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Croatian Dragan Bender and the Greek Giannis Antetokounmpo who are still active in the NBA. The United States has usually been the strongest team in international basketball competitions. In the last Olympic Games, in Rio in 2016, the US men´s and women´s teams both won gold medals; the men´s team won their third consecutive Olympic Basketball gold medal after beating Serbia 96-66; and the women´s team won their eighth total and sixth consecutive gold medal by defeating Spain 101–72 in the final. 6. What sport is more played?

What is the most popular sport in the world? Most people would probably say soccer, because of the many millions who play it and the even larger number who watch it on television. There are some, however, who say the correct answer is basketball – not because of its TV audience, which is certainly smaller than that for soccer, but because the number of people who regularly play the game might be higher (at least 300 million, according to most estimates). In China, for example, which has a population of 1.3 billion, more people play basketball than soccer, and it is becoming more popular all the time. Basketball has existed for less time than some of the world´s other major sports. It was invented in the early 1890s by a Canadian, James Naismith, working at a college in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Wanting to create a game that could be played indoors during the long winters but would also be active enough to keep people in shape, he had the idea of two teams of players trying to throw a ball into a basket that was above their heads. Early basketball looked different from the game today: for example, the basket didn´t have a hole in the bottom, so every time a player threw the ball in, someone had to go up to get it out again! Another difference is dribbling, which is when a player in modern basketball bounces the ball off the floor while moving across the court: it didn´t exist in early basketball because the balls didn´t bounce well enough. One thing that hasn´t changed, though, is the height of the baskets: James Naismith put the first one 10 feet (3.05 meters) off the floor, and that´s where they´ve stayed. The biggest international TV audiences in modern basketball are for games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America, a league of 30 teams (29 from the United States and one from Canada), including famous names such as the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics, and Los Angeles Lakers. Most of the players in the NBA are American, but there are also some foreign stars such as Yao Ming from China and Dirk Nowitski from Germany who belong to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Croatian Dragan Bender and the Greek Giannis Antetokounmpo who are still active in the NBA. The United States has usually been the strongest team in international basketball competitions. In the last Olympic Games, in Rio in 2016, the US men´s and women´s teams both won gold medals; the men´s team won their third consecutive Olympic Basketball gold medal after beating Serbia 96-66; and the women´s team won their eighth total and sixth consecutive gold medal by defeating Spain 101–72 in the final. 7. Where was basketball invented? By whom? And why?

What is the most popular sport in the world? Most people would probably say soccer, because of the many millions who play it and the even larger number who watch it on television. There are some, however, who say the correct answer is basketball – not because of its TV audience, which is certainly smaller than that for soccer, but because the number of people who regularly play the game might be higher (at least 300 million, according to most estimates). In China, for example, which has a population of 1.3 billion, more people play basketball than soccer, and it is becoming more popular all the time. Basketball has existed for less time than some of the world´s other major sports. It was invented in the early 1890s by a Canadian, James Naismith, working at a college in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Wanting to create a game that could be played indoors during the long winters but would also be active enough to keep people in shape, he had the idea of two teams of players trying to throw a ball into a basket that was above their heads. Early basketball looked different from the game today: for example, the basket didn´t have a hole in the bottom, so every time a player threw the ball in, someone had to go up to get it out again! Another difference is dribbling, which is when a player in modern basketball bounces the ball off the floor while moving across the court: it didn´t exist in early basketball because the balls didn´t bounce well enough. One thing that hasn´t changed, though, is the height of the baskets: James Naismith put the first one 10 feet (3.05 meters) off the floor, and that´s where they´ve stayed. The biggest international TV audiences in modern basketball are for games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America, a league of 30 teams (29 from the United States and one from Canada), including famous names such as the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics, and Los Angeles Lakers. Most of the players in the NBA are American, but there are also some foreign stars such as Yao Ming from China and Dirk Nowitski from Germany who belong to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Croatian Dragan Bender and the Greek Giannis Antetokounmpo who are still active in the NBA. The United States has usually been the strongest team in international basketball competitions. In the last Olympic Games, in Rio in 2016, the US men´s and women´s teams both won gold medals; the men´s team won their third consecutive Olympic Basketball gold medal after beating Serbia 96-66; and the women´s team won their eighth total and sixth consecutive gold medal by defeating Spain 101–72 in the final. 8. What are the differences from the early basketball and the game today?

What is the most popular sport in the world? Most people would probably say soccer, because of the many millions who play it and the even larger number who watch it on television. There are some, however, who say the correct answer is basketball – not because of its TV audience, which is certainly smaller than that for soccer, but because the number of people who regularly play the game might be higher (at least 300 million, according to most estimates). In China, for example, which has a population of 1.3 billion, more people play basketball than soccer, and it is becoming more popular all the time. Basketball has existed for less time than some of the world´s other major sports. It was invented in the early 1890s by a Canadian, James Naismith, working at a college in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Wanting to create a game that could be played indoors during the long winters but would also be active enough to keep people in shape, he had the idea of two teams of players trying to throw a ball into a basket that was above their heads. Early basketball looked different from the game today: for example, the basket didn´t have a hole in the bottom, so every time a player threw the ball in, someone had to go up to get it out again! Another difference is dribbling, which is when a player in modern basketball bounces the ball off the floor while moving across the court: it didn´t exist in early basketball because the balls didn´t bounce well enough. One thing that hasn´t changed, though, is the height of the baskets: James Naismith put the first one 10 feet (3.05 meters) off the floor, and that´s where they´ve stayed. The biggest international TV audiences in modern basketball are for games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America, a league of 30 teams (29 from the United States and one from Canada), including famous names such as the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics, and Los Angeles Lakers. Most of the players in the NBA are American, but there are also some foreign stars such as Yao Ming from China and Dirk Nowitski from Germany who belong to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Croatian Dragan Bender and the Greek Giannis Antetokounmpo who are still active in the NBA. The United States has usually been the strongest team in international basketball competitions. In the last Olympic Games, in Rio in 2016, the US men´s and women´s teams both won gold medals; the men´s team won their third consecutive Olympic Basketball gold medal after beating Serbia 96-66; and the women´s team won their eighth total and sixth consecutive gold medal by defeating Spain 101–72 in the final. 9. How many consecutive gold medals have the men´s and women´s basketball teams won?

What is the most popular sport in the world? Most people would probably say soccer, because of the many millions who play it and the even larger number who watch it on television. There are some, however, who say the correct answer is basketball – not because of its TV audience, which is certainly smaller than that for soccer, but because the number of people who regularly play the game might be higher (at least 300 million, according to most estimates). In China, for example, which has a population of 1.3 billion, more people play basketball than soccer, and it is becoming more popular all the time. Basketball has existed for less time than some of the world´s other major sports. It was invented in the early 1890s by a Canadian, James Naismith, working at a college in the state of Massachusetts in the United States. Wanting to create a game that could be played indoors during the long winters but would also be active enough to keep people in shape, he had the idea of two teams of players trying to throw a ball into a basket that was above their heads. Early basketball looked different from the game today: for example, the basket didn´t have a hole in the bottom, so every time a player threw the ball in, someone had to go up to get it out again! Another difference is dribbling, which is when a player in modern basketball bounces the ball off the floor while moving across the court: it didn´t exist in early basketball because the balls didn´t bounce well enough. One thing that hasn´t changed, though, is the height of the baskets: James Naismith put the first one 10 feet (3.05 meters) off the floor, and that´s where they´ve stayed. The biggest international TV audiences in modern basketball are for games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America, a league of 30 teams (29 from the United States and one from Canada), including famous names such as the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics, and Los Angeles Lakers. Most of the players in the NBA are American, but there are also some foreign stars such as Yao Ming from China and Dirk Nowitski from Germany who belong to the Basketball Hall of Fame and the Croatian Dragan Bender and the Greek Giannis Antetokounmpo who are still active in the NBA. The United States has usually been the strongest team in international basketball competitions. In the last Olympic Games, in Rio in 2016, the US men´s and women´s teams both won gold medals; the men´s team won their third consecutive Olympic Basketball gold medal after beating Serbia 96-66; and the women´s team won their eighth total and sixth consecutive gold medal by defeating Spain 101–72 in the final. 10. What sport has the biggest international TV audience?