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U.D.2: LA VIVIENDA, LA ALIMENTACIĂN Y LA VESTIMENTA ROMANAS
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1.3.2 MultilingĂŒismo individual: Âżsomos todos multilingĂŒes? ÂżQuĂ© quiere decir ser bilingĂŒe o ser multilingĂŒe? PodrĂamos definir el bilingĂŒismo o multilingĂŒismo individual como la capacidad de una persona de hablar dos o mĂĄs lenguas. Pero esta definiciĂłn tiene varias carencias. Tradicionalmente, se pensaba que solo las personas que alcanzaban un dominio similar al de un nativo en cada una de las lenguas que hablaban podĂan considerarse «bilingĂŒes de verdad» o «multilingĂŒes de verdad». Pero, ÂżquĂ© ocurre con las personas que aprenden una lengua extranjera sin dominarla igual que su lengua materna? ÂżY las personas que son capaces de entender una lengua, tal vez la que se habla en su casa, pero no de hablarla con fluidez? ÂżY quĂ© pasa con las personas que pueden hablar un idioma bastante bien, pero no saben escribir en ese idioma? ÂżY los que pueden leer y entender un texto en una lengua extranjera, pero no pueden comunicarse activamente en ella? Hoy sabemos que, aunque el dominio de dos (o mĂĄs) lenguas como el de un nativo se pueda dar, en realidad es algo muy poco frecuente, ya que la inmensa mayorĂa de personas bilingĂŒes y multilingĂŒes no tienen el mismo grado de competencia en todas sus lenguas. De hecho, es muy comĂșn tener una lengua dominante o de preferencia, una lengua en la que una persona se desenvuelve con mayor fluidez o que prefiere en determinados ĂĄmbitos o situaciones. ImagĂnate a un niño que vive en el Reino Unido y habla ruso en casa con su familia e inglĂ©s en la escuela. Evidentemente, podrĂĄ hablar con mĂĄs fluidez sobre algunos temas en ruso y sobre otros en inglĂ©s. ÂżSignifica eso que no es bilingĂŒe? En absoluto, lo veremos enseguida. TambiĂ©n es muy comĂșn, sobre todo entre las personas que han aprendido una segunda (o tercera) lengua mĂĄs tarde, que una de las dos lenguas interfiera con la otra, algo que puede reflejarse en su acento, en ciertas estructuras gramaticales, en el vocabulario, etc. Imaginemos a un profesor universitario francĂ©s que lleva veinte años viviendo y trabajando en Inglaterra. Puede comunicarse con soltura en inglĂ©s tanto en situaciones formales como informales y ha publicado libros tanto en inglĂ©s como en francĂ©s. Sin embargo, sigue hablando en inglĂ©s con acento francĂ©s y, despuĂ©s de tantos años en Inglaterra, a veces le cuesta encontrar las palabras adecuadas cuando habla en francĂ©s. ÂżY quĂ© pasa con esta persona? ÂżLa considerarĂas bilingĂŒe? Continuo bilingĂŒe. Las mayĂșsculas y el tamaño de letra mĂĄs grande indican un mayor dominio de la lengua A o B. (A partir de ValdĂ©s 2014). MonolingĂŒe lengua A MonolingĂŒe lengua B A Ab Ab Ab Ab aB Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba B debe ser bonito ser bilingue 22 INCLUSIĂN, DIVERSIDAD Y COMUNICACIĂN ENTRE CULTURAS En la actualidad, muchos lingĂŒistas consideran que el bilingĂŒismo (o el multilingĂŒismo) no es un estado que pueda alcanzarse con el tiempo, sino mĂĄs bien un continuo, es decir, una progresiĂłn gradual entre dos extremos opuestos. En un extremo estĂĄ el monolingĂŒismo en la lengua A, y en el otro el monolingĂŒismo en la lengua B. Cualquier individuo con competencias lingĂŒĂsticas en ambas lenguas podrĂa situarse entre esos dos polos. Dependiendo de su competencia y fluidez en cada lengua, se situarĂa mĂĄs cerca de un extremo u otro del continuo. Por ejemplo, una persona con un gran dominio de una de las lenguas, pero con un dominio limitado de la otra, podrĂa situarse en el polo Ab, mientras que una persona con un dominio de ambas lenguas similar al de un nativo se situarĂa en el medio, en el polo aB. La idea de un continuo bilingĂŒe nos permite ver el bilingĂŒismo como un proceso y tiene en cuenta el hecho de que el dominio de cualquiera de las dos lenguas puede cambiar con el tiempo. Es posible ganar competencias en una lengua, pero tambiĂ©n perderlas. SegĂșn esta concepciĂłn mĂĄs amplia del bilingĂŒismo, incluso los estudiantes que se inician en una lengua extranjera podrĂan considerarse bilingĂŒes, aunque, por supuesto, al principio estarĂan bastante cerca de uno de los extremos monolingĂŒes del continuo. En cualquier caso, las personas bilingĂŒes y plurilingĂŒes se encuentran a menudo con tĂłpicos o conceptos errĂłneos sobre lo que supone hablar y «vivir» en dos o mĂĄs idiomas. Uno de los prejuicios mĂĄs problemĂĄticos es que la exposiciĂłn a varias lenguas es perjudicial para el desarrollo del lenguaje en los menores. Antes se creĂa que los menores criados de forma bilingĂŒe o multilingĂŒe nunca lograrĂan aprender bien ninguna de las lenguas en cuestiĂłn. Por ello, docentes y pediatras desaconsejaban a los padres criar a sus hijos de forma bilingĂŒe o multilingĂŒe, y a menudo se les animaba a hablar con ellos en la lengua mayoritaria de su sociedad, aunque ellos mismos no dominaran esa lengua. Presionar a los familiares para que no hablen en su lengua materna con sus hijos plantea una serie SABĂAS QUE⊠el DĂa Internacional de la Lengua Materna se celebra el 21 de febrero? Fue declarado por la UNESCO en 1999 para sensibilizar sobre la diversidad lingĂŒĂstica y cultural y promover el multilingĂŒismo. de problemas. Por ejemplo, los padres que hablan la lengua mayoritaria de su nueva sociedad como una lengua extranjera podrĂan transmitir a sus hijos patrones de pronunciaciĂłn y gramĂĄtica incorrectos. TambiĂ©n se ha observado que los padres que se obligan a hablar a sus hijos en una lengua extranjera en la que no se sienten cĂłmodos pueden comunicarse menos con ellos y ser incapaces de expresar sentimientos como la cercanĂa y el afecto de la forma en que lo harĂan en su lengua materna. AdemĂĄs, al no transmitir una lengua de herencia, los padres rompen el vĂnculo de sus hijos con los familiares que viven en el extranjero, puesto que los niños no podrĂĄn comunicarse con ellos por su cuenta. Por Ășltimo, este enfoque dificulta la transmisiĂłn de las tradiciones y los valores culturales. Estas cuestiones suelen provocar problemas en la dinĂĄmica familiar que pueden ser difĂciles de resolver mĂĄs adelante. ÂżDe dĂłnde viene la idea de la «confusiĂłn lingĂŒĂstica»? Uno de los principales motivos que llevan a pensar que la exposiciĂłn a mĂĄs de una lengua confunde a los niños es la observaciĂłn de que los niños y niñas pequeños suelen combinar palabras de las distintas lenguas que hablan en una misma frase. Este fenĂłmeno se denomina alternancia de cĂłdigo y es una etapa tĂpica del desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños pequeños que se crĂan de forma bilingĂŒe o multilingĂŒe. 21/2 LENGUAS EN LA VIDA COTIDIANA 23 Sin embargo, la alternancia de cĂłdigo puede observarse en bilingĂŒes de cualquier edad cuando hablan con otros bilingĂŒes. Esto no significa que se confundan o sean incapaces de comunicarse correctamente en una sola lengua; es algo normal en el comportamiento lingĂŒĂstico bilingĂŒe. Llegados a este punto, es importante introducir el concepto «repertorio lingĂŒĂstico». Un repertorio lingĂŒĂstico incluye los recursos comunicativos de los que dispone un individuo o una comunidad de habla, es decir, las variedades lingĂŒĂsticas escritas y habladas puede utilizar o que estĂĄn presentes en una comunidad de hablantes. El repertorio lingĂŒĂstico de las comunidades de hablantes monolingĂŒes suele estar formado por diferentes registros, estilos, dialectos, acentos, jergas y modismos. En las comunidades de habla bilingĂŒe o multilingĂŒe (por ejemplo, en entornos de migraciĂłn o en paĂses lingĂŒĂsticamente diversos, como la India), el repertorio lingĂŒĂstico no incluye solo diferentes variedades regionales, sociales y/o estilĂsticas en cada lengua por separado, sino tambiĂ©n combinaciones de las diferentes lenguas habladas. Los bilingĂŒes pueden optar por cambiar y mezclar cĂłdigos en determinadas situaciones comunicativas, al igual que un hablante monolingĂŒe puede utilizar un registro u otro en funciĂłn del contexto y de con quiĂ©n estĂ© hablando. Sobre esta base, se podrĂa incluso decir que, en sentido muy amplio, todos somos multilingĂŒes, ya que todos, monolingĂŒes y bilingĂŒes, debemos aprender a hacer malabarismos con las distintas variedades lingĂŒĂsticas de nuestras sociedades. Anima a tus alumnos a realizar la actividad C para reflexionar sobre la importancia que tienen para ellos las diferentes lenguas, dialectos, acentos y ÂżQUĂ PUEDO TRANSMITIR A MI ALUMNADO? · El bilingĂŒismo o el multilingĂŒismo no es un estado que pueda lograrse en un momento dado, sino un proceso en el que la competencia lingĂŒĂstica puede cambiar con el tiempo. · La mayorĂa de las personas bilingĂŒes y multilingĂŒes no tienen el mismo dominio de sus diferentes lenguas, y eso es algo completamente normal. · SegĂșn una concepciĂłn mĂĄs amplia del bilingĂŒismo y el multilingĂŒismo, incluso los principiantes que aprenden una lengua extranjera podrĂan considerarse bilingĂŒes. · No hay que desalentar a los padres a hablar en su lengua materna con sus hijos e hijas, ya que es a travĂ©s de ella como mejor pueden comunicarse, expresar sentimientos como la cercanĂa y el afecto, y transmitir su cultura y sus valores a la siguiente generaciĂłn. En contextos de migraciĂłn, los menores que dominan su lengua materna pueden mantener el contacto con los familiares que viven en el extranjero. · Las personas monolingĂŒes disponen de diferentes registros, estilos, dialectos, acentos, jergas y modismos. Las personas bilingĂŒes tambiĂ©n pueden hacer uso de todos ellos, pero ademĂĄs es posible que mezclen y cambien de idioma cuando hablan con otros bilingĂŒes. Hacerlo es una parte natural y normal del comportamiento lingĂŒĂstico de los bilingĂŒes y no significa que se confundan o sean incapaces de comunicarse correctamente en una sola lengua. 24 INCLUSIĂN, DIVERSIDAD Y COMUNICACIĂN ENTRE CULTURAS registros. Les resultarĂĄ divertido comparar los resultados entre amigos y compañeros de clase. En la actividad D, los alumnos tendrĂĄn la oportunidad de hablar sobre la alternancia de cĂłdigo, de descubrir el significado de un texto escrito en muchas lenguas diferentes e incluso de crear su propio texto multilingĂŒe. 1.4 CONCLUSIONES En este capĂtulo hemos presentado diferentes aspectos relacionados con las lenguas en el mundo y en nuestra vida cotidiana. Hemos explicado que las lenguas no son objetos estĂĄticos, sino organismos vivos que interactĂșan y se relacionan entre sĂ y estĂĄn en constante evoluciĂłn. Las lenguas no solo transmiten mensajes, sino tambiĂ©n los valores culturales y sociales de las personas que las hablan e incluso una forma de ver o entender el mundo. A pesar de lo que nos puedan hacer creer, el multilingĂŒismo no es la excepciĂłn en el mundo, sino la norma. Por tanto, nuestra diversidad lingĂŒĂstica puede considerarse una forma mĂĄs de biodiversidad, que tambiĂ©n hay que proteger. En el capĂtulo 2 nos centraremos en los aspectos culturales de nuestras sociedades multiculturales y multilingĂŒes.TITOLO I PRINCIPI Art. 1 â PersonalitĂ giuridica e principi fondamentali 1. In armonia con i principi costituzionali ed in attuazione della legislazione vigente, il presente Statuto disciplina l'ordinamento dell'UniversitĂ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, nel seguito denominata "UniversitĂ ". 2. L'UniversitĂ ha personalitĂ giuridica di diritto pubblico che esercita per conseguire i propri fini istituzionali. 3. L'UniversitĂ Ăš organizzata secondo i criteri di efficienza, di efficacia, di valutazione e di riconoscimento del merito, di trasparenza e di semplificazione e di decentramento funzionale ed organizzativo. 4. I poteri di indirizzo e di controllo spettano agli organi di governo dell'UniversitĂ , lâattivitĂ amministrativa e tecnica Ăš svolta dai dirigenti, con autonomi poteri di spesa e di gestione delle risorse umane e strumentali. 5. Simboli dell'UniversitĂ sono la raffigurazione dell'Imperatore Federico II assiso sul trono e l'aquila sveva di Sicilia che compare sul gonfalone, tutelati ai sensi della vigente normativa in materia di marchio. Tali simboli possono essere utilizzati da altri soggetti pubblici o privati previa autorizzazione del Consiglio di Amministrazione, su proposta del Rettore. 6. Il sigillo ufficiale, raffigurante l'Imperatore Federico II assiso sul trono, Ăš custodito dal Rettore. 7. LâUniversitĂ conserva i privilegi, gli onori ed i distintivi derivati da antiche leggi e consuetudini e si impegna ad armonizzare la tradizione con i valori ed i principi coevi cui si ispira. Art. 2 â FinalitĂ istituzionali 1. LâUniversitĂ , a riconoscimento dellâinderogabile funzione e vocazione pubblica, afferma il proprio carattere laico, pluralistico ed indipendente da ogni orientamento ideologico, politico ed economico. 2. Fini primari dellâUniversitĂ sono la ricerca e la didattica che lâAteneo persegue promuovendo lâorganizzazione, lâelaborazione e la trasmissione delle conoscenze, la formazione culturale e professionale, la crescita della coscienza civile degli studenti. Il miglioramento della qualitĂ dei processi formativi viene assicurato anche con lâausilio delle tecniche di apprendimento a distanza e di altre tecnologie innovative. 3. LâUniversitĂ garantisce la libertĂ di manifestazione del pensiero, di associazione e di riunione, allo scopo di realizzare il pieno concorso di tutte le sue componenti alla vita democratica dellâAteneo. 4. LâUniversitĂ si impegna ad assicurare paritĂ e pari opportunitĂ di genere, rafforzando la tutela dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici e garantendo l'assenza di qualunque forma di violenza morale o psicologica, di discriminazione diretta e indiretta relativa al genere, all'etĂ , all'orientamento sessuale, all'origine etnica, alla disabilitĂ , alla religione e alla lingua. A garanzia dellâeffettivitĂ delle tutele riconosciute Ăš istituito il âComitato Unico di Garanzia per le pari opportunitĂ , la valorizzazione del benessere di chi lavora e contro le discriminazioniâ. 5. LâUniversitĂ si impegna a perseguire i propri fini nel rispetto dei principi di ecosostenibilitĂ , di sicurezza e salubritĂ dei luoghi di lavoro. 6. LâUniversitĂ garantisce ai singoli professori e ricercatori, rispettandone lo stato giuridico, la libertĂ e lâautonomia della ricerca e dellâinsegnamento, tenendo conto delle esigenze di coordinamento e degli obiettivi formativi degli ordinamenti didattici previsti dalle strutture di appartenenza. 7. LâUniversitĂ , soggetto autonomo ed unitario, riconosce la pluralitĂ delle culture che concorrono a costituire la sua identitĂ . 8. LâUniversitĂ promuove il trasferimento delle conoscenze attraverso la ricerca, la formazione, le attivitĂ di certificazione, di brevetto e di spin-off, nel conseguimento della qualitĂ e dell'eccellenza. 9. LâUniversitĂ avversa lâutilizzo dei risultati delle proprie attivitĂ per applicazioni che perseguano scopi contrari ai principi della dignitĂ e libertĂ dellâuomo e della pacifica convivenza fra i popoli. 10.LâUniversitĂ concorre allo sviluppo della cultura, del benessere sociale ed economico e del livello produttivo del Paese, anche attraverso forme di collaborazione con soggetti nazionali ed internazionali, pubblici e privati, che promuovono attivitĂ culturali e di ricerca. A tal fine sostiene in particolare programmi europei e di cooperazione e favorisce la piĂč ampia fruizione delle proprie strutture. 11.LâUniversitĂ garantisce il principio dellâaccesso pieno ed aperto alla letteratura scientifica e promuove la libera diffusione in rete dei risultati delle ricerche prodotte in Ateneo, per assicurarne la piĂč ampia diffusione; partecipa al processo di costruzione ed implementazione dello «spazio europeo dellâapprendimento permanente». 12.LâUniversitĂ contrasta il conflitto di interessi in tutte le sue forme. 13.LâUniversitĂ puĂČ partecipare, per una migliore realizzazione delle proprie finalitĂ istituzionali e nei limiti delle stesse, a consorzi e ad altre forme associative di diritto privato, ivi comprese le societĂ di capitali, anche mediante partecipazione finanziaria secondo la disciplina dettata con Regolamento di Ateneo. Art. 3 â Ricerca e didattica 1. L'UniversitĂ garantisce la pari rilevanza del sapere umanistico, scientifico e tecnico; programma, mediante piani di sviluppo, le attivitĂ di ricerca e di insegnamento e ne valuta i risultati. 2. LâUniversitĂ adotta criteri e fissa principi che consentano una equilibrata distribuzione delle risorse finanziarie destinate alla ricerca, tenuto conto di tutte le fonti di finanziamento, delle obiettive articolazioni dei settori di ricerca e delle loro effettive esigenze, nonchĂ© della qualitĂ e della produttivitĂ delle ricerche, valutate secondo specifici criteri ed indicatori disancorati da logiche esclusivamente economiche. L'UniversitĂ incoraggia e favorisce, comunque, la ricerca di base in ogni disciplina. 3. LâUniversitĂ eroga formazione permanente, sulla base di criteri e standard formativi univocamente riconosciuti a livello nazionale, comunitario ed internazionale. 4. LâUniversitĂ promuove la valutazione bioetica della ricerca sperimentale, con particolare riguardo alla sperimentazione clinica riferita ai problemi biomedici connessi con la vita e la salute dellâuomo, nonchĂ© la valutazione etico-scientifica della sperimentazione animale. 5. LâUniversitĂ promuove la gestione in qualitĂ delle attivitĂ di ricerca, didattiche e di servizio, garantendo il loro sviluppo organico e uniforme. A tal fine lâUniversitĂ incentiva, anche attraverso meccanismi premiali, la certificazione di qualitĂ e lâaccreditamento delle sue strutture e delle attivitĂ collegate. 6. L'UniversitĂ puĂČ beneficiare di contributi, lasciti e donazioni. 7. L'UniversitĂ , nel rispetto delle funzioni istituzionali di ricerca e di insegnamento e nei limiti e con le modalitĂ fissate da Regolamento, puĂČ svolgere attivitĂ di ricerca, di consulenza e di servizio nellâinteresse prevalente di soggetti pubblici e privati, anche dotandosi di apposite risorse umane e strumentali, i cui oneri finanziari ed economici siano previsti nei relativi contratti e assunti secondo la normativa vigente. I proventi derivanti da contratti e convenzioni per conto terzi sono ripartiti secondo le modalitĂ disciplinate con Regolamento di Ateneo, che dovrĂ riservarne una quota a copertura delle spese di carattere generale delle strutture interessate, una quota destinata al finanziamento della ricerca scientifica ed una quota destinata al Fondo comune di Ateneo. Nessun professore e ricercatore, senza il proprio consenso, puĂČ essere tenuto a svolgere attivitĂ di ricerca, di consulenza e di servizio per conto terzi, oggetto di contratti e convenzioni stipulati nell'interesse prevalente del committente. 8. L'UniversitĂ puĂČ commissionare a proprie strutture lo svolgimento di attivitĂ di ricerca, di consulenza e di servizio. Art. 4 â Rapporti Internazionali 1. LâUniversitĂ ha tra i suoi obiettivi prioritari la promozione della dimensione internazionale della ricerca scientifica e della didattica. A tal fine: a) stipula accordi e convenzioni con Atenei ed istituzioni culturali e scientifiche di alta qualitĂ di altri Paesi; b) promuove ed incoraggia gli scambi internazionali di professori, ricercatori e studenti, anche con interventi di natura economica; c) sostiene i progetti di ricerca internazionali e le reti internazionali di dottorato; d) tende alla dimensione internazionale della formazione dei laureati per arricchirne la preparazione e potenziarne le prospettive occupazionali; e) favorisce lâattrazione dallâestero di professori e ricercatori, borsisti post-dottorato, studiosi di chiara fama e studenti particolarmente capaci e meritevoli. 2. LâUniversitĂ collabora con organismi nazionali ed internazionali a definire ed a realizzare programmi di cooperazione scientifica e di formazione, avendo particolare attenzione a quelli rivolti ai Paesi meno sviluppati. 3. LâUniversitĂ provvede a strutture per lâospitalitĂ anche in collaborazione con altri enti, specialmente con quelli preposti ad assicurare il diritto allo studio. Articolo 5 â Diritto allo studio 1. L'UniversitĂ promuove il diritto allo studio e ne favorisce il concreto esercizio, anche predisponendo spazi ed attrezzature adeguati e ricorrendo, se necessario, a strutture decentrate. 2. LâUniversitĂ favorisce la partecipazione attiva degli studenti alla vita universitaria. In applicazione dei principi costituzionali si impegna a rimuovere condizioni di disparitĂ e disagio, in particolare, degli studenti meno abbienti, diversamente abili, stranieri e fuori sede. Attua le iniziative necessarie ad assicurare agli studenti una preparazione culturale e scientifica idonea a soddisfare le domande di formazione, anche in relazione alle diverse esigenze della societĂ . 3. L'UniversitĂ collabora con Stato, Regioni, altri enti ed istituzioni al fine di stimolare la crescita culturale degli studenti e valorizzare l'offerta didattica, di assistenza, di orientamento e di inserimento nel mondo del lavoro. Articolo 6 âPrincipi organizzativi 1. LâUniversitĂ assicura il rispetto dei principi di efficienza ed efficacia attraverso lâutilizzo di modelli procedimentali ed organizzativi ispirati alla ottimizzazione dei tempi dei processi decisionali, privilegiando lâuso degli strumenti telematici e di semplificazione. 2. LâUniversitĂ , in attuazione dei principi di autonomia, di decentramento e di sussidiarietĂ , si articola in Dipartimenti e Scuole. I Centri di ricerca, i Centri di Servizio interdipartimentali ed i Centri di Servizio costituiscono ulteriori articolazioni dellâAteneo. 3. In attuazione dei principi di efficienza, efficacia e semplificazione, Ăš ammessa la delega delle funzioni. Gli atti di delega, in forma scritta obbligatoria, devono riguardare materie determinate, oggetto e durata definiti e sono pubblicati nellâAlbo Ufficiale on line di Ateneo. 4. Ai professori o ricercatori che ricoprano incarichi e funzioni ufficiali, non rientranti nei compiti istituzionali di didattica e di ricerca, puĂČ essere riconosciuta, nei casi previsti dal presente Statuto, una indennitĂ di funzione nella misura determinata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, sentito il Collegio dei Revisori dei Conti. (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 4763 del 23/11/2019) 5. LâUniversitĂ Ăš rappresentata e difesa in giudizio dallâAvvocatura dello Stato ovvero da legali interni iscritti allâelenco speciale annesso allâalbo degli avvocati. LâUniversitĂ puĂČ altresĂŹ avvalersi del patrocinio di avvocati del libero foro nei limiti e con le modalitĂ previste da apposito regolamento di Ateneo. Resta ferma la rappresentanza e difesa in giudizio dellâUniversitĂ da parte di propri funzionari nei casi previsti dalla legge. (Comma introdotto dal D.R. n. 2320 del 13/07/2016) Articolo 7 â Trasparenza e Informazione 1. L'UniversitĂ riconosce nella corretta e tempestiva informazione una delle condizioni essenziali per garantire la trasparenza. 2. Strumenti di effettivo rispetto dei principi di informazione, pubblicitĂ e trasparenza sono il sito web di Ateneo e lâAlbo ufficiale on line di Ateneo, sui quali vanno pubblicati gli atti di interesse generale, secondo modalitĂ stabilite da Regolamento. 3. L'accesso ai documenti amministrativi Ăš disciplinato secondo modalitĂ stabilite da Regolamento ai sensi della normativa nazionale vigente. 4. Gli appartenenti alla comunitĂ universitaria di cui allâart. 9 comma 2, possono consultare, nel rispetto delle previsioni di legge, i verbali delle adunanze degli organi collegiali dell'UniversitĂ concernenti l'organizzazione, gli indicatori relativi agli andamenti gestionali e all'utilizzo delle risorse per il perseguimento delle funzioni istituzionali, i risultati dell'attivitĂ di misurazione e valutazione svolta dagli organi competenti. Tale consultazione puĂČ essere effettuata negli uffici presso i quali i verbali sono custoditi o mediante accesso al sito web di Ateneo nellâarea riservata al personale, secondo modalitĂ stabilite da Regolamento. Articolo 8 â Altre attivitĂ 1. L'UniversitĂ favorisce le attivitĂ sociali, culturali, ricreative e sportive, anche quelle autogestite dagli studenti, attraverso la predisposizione, nei limiti consentiti dalle disposizioni di legge vigenti in materia e compatibilmente con le risorse finanziarie disponibili, di strutture e servizi necessari al loro svolgimento. Collabora, altresĂŹ, con gli enti sportivi universitari legalmente riconosciuti. TITOLO II SOGGETTI Art. 9 â ComunitĂ Universitaria 1. LâUniversitĂ realizza i fini istituzionali attraverso la sua comunitĂ . 2. La comunitĂ universitaria Ăš formata dagli studenti, dai professori, dai ricercatori, dal personale dirigente e tecnico-amministrativo e da tutti coloro che trascorrono periodi di ricerca, di insegnamento e di studio presso l'UniversitĂ e/o concorrono allo svolgimento delle sue funzioni istituzionali. 3. I valori fondamentali della ComunitĂ Universitaria sono determinati dal Codice Etico dellâAteneo. Sulle violazioni del Codice Etico, qualora non ricadano sotto la competenza del Collegio di Disciplina, decide, su proposta del Rettore, il Senato Accademico, previa istruttoria da parte di una Commissione Etica di Garanzia nominata dal Senato Accademico su proposta del Rettore e composta secondo le modalitĂ previste dal Codice Etico. (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 2175 del 17/06/2015) 4. Le componenti della comunitĂ partecipano alla vita universitaria con pari dignitĂ , secondo le funzioni previste dalla normativa vigente ed in base al ruolo di appartenenza. 5. Tutti coloro che hanno conseguito un titolo di studio presso lâUniversitĂ Federico II possono continuare a far parte della comunitĂ universitaria attraverso lâAssociazione Federiciana âEx Alumniâ. Art. 10 â Studenti 1. Sono studenti dellâUniversitĂ coloro che risultano regolarmente iscritti ai corsi di laurea, di laurea magistrale, di specializzazione e di dottorato di ricerca. Fatta eccezione per lâelettorato attivo e passivo in ordine alla rappresentanza allâinterno degli Organi collegiali, sono equiparati agli studenti: gli iscritti ai master universitari ed ai corsi di perfezionamento, nonchĂ© gli studenti stranieri la cui mobilitĂ sia prevista e disciplinata da accordi e convenzioni internazionali. 2. Al fine di consentire un proficuo rapporto tra docenti e studenti e favorire un miglior inserimento degli studenti nella comunitĂ universitaria, l'UniversitĂ puĂČ determinare, con le procedure e nei casi previsti dalla vigente normativa, il numero massimo delle iscrizioni ai corsi di studio, che viene fissato dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, sentiti il Nucleo di Valutazione, il Consiglio degli Studenti e il Senato accademico. 3. I criteri, le modalitĂ di ammissione e le condizioni per il mantenimento dello status di studente, sono stabiliti dal Regolamento didattico di Ateneo. 4. Il numero massimo e le modalitĂ di ammissione alle Scuole di specializzazione ed ai corsi di dottorato di ricerca sono definiti sulla base delle norme di legge nonchĂ© delle risorse economiche, didattiche e strutturali dell'UniversitĂ . 5. Gli studenti possono partecipare all'attivitĂ di ricerca funzionale alla loro formazione, nei limiti previsti dalla normativa vigente. 6. Gli studenti partecipano alla gestione dell'UniversitĂ attraverso le proprie rappresentanze negli Organi collegiali ove previsto nel presente Statuto. 7. L'UniversitĂ puĂČ stabilire collaborazioni studentesche per la gestione di servizi per i quali, secondo quanto previsto dalla normativa vigente, Ăš possibile il ricorso a singoli studenti, alle associazioni studentesche, nonchĂ© alle cooperative studentesche. 8. Gli studenti sono tenuti a contribuire all'ordinato funzionamento delle attivitĂ universitarie, alla partecipazione agli Organi collegiali, al corretto uso delle strutture e alla piena valorizzazione delle opportunitĂ culturali. Art. 11 â Professori e Ricercatori 1. In conformitĂ ai compiti previsti per ciascun ruolo o funzione, i professori ed i ricercatori assicurano la loro attivitĂ , nei limiti del proprio impegno didattico, in qualsiasi corso di studio attivato nellâAteneo. 2. I professori e i ricercatori concorrono al raggiungimento delle finalitĂ istituzionali dellâUniversitĂ . Le attivitĂ di didattica, ricerca nonchĂ© gli incarichi gestionali eventualmente attribuiti definiscono il quadro complessivo per la valutazione di ciascun professore e ricercatore. (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 4763 del 23/11/2019) 3. Ai professori e ai ricercatori puĂČ essere riconosciuta la titolaritĂ di fondi finalizzati di ricerca. 4. La carica di Rettore, Prorettore, Direttore di Dipartimento, Presidente di Scuola, Coordinatore del Nucleo di Valutazione e Coordinatore di Corso di studio Ăš riservata ai professori a tempo pieno. Eâ altresĂŹ riservata ai ricercatori e professori a tempo pieno la carica di componenti del Consiglio di Amministrazione. Un Regolamento di Ateneo disciplina le modalitĂ di svolgimento delle attivitĂ per i professori e i ricercatori a tempo pieno e a tempo definito. Art. 12 â Personale dirigente e tecnico-amministrativo 1. Il personale tecnico-amministrativo e il personale dirigente dellâAteneo, secondo quanto disposto dallâart. 23, comma 1, del D. Lgs. 30/3/2001 n. 165 e s.m.i., svolgono i compiti propri delle rispettive aree di competenza, nellâambito dellâAmministrazione centrale e delle altre strutture previste dal presente Statuto. 2. Il personale partecipa alla gestione dell'UniversitĂ attraverso le proprie rappresentanze negli Organi collegiali, ove previsto dal presente Statuto. 3. LâUniversitĂ , nel rispetto delle previsioni normative vigenti, garantisce periodicamente lo svolgimento di corsi di formazione e aggiornamento professionale, volti a promuovere il miglioramento dei servizi e ad accrescere le buone pratiche, favorendo la piĂč ampia partecipazione. 4. I Dirigenti, nellâambito delle proprie competenze, collaborano con il Direttore generale nella gestione ed organizzazione dei servizi, delle risorse strumentali e del personale tecnico-amministrativo. In particolare: a) formulano proposte ed esprimono pareri al Direttore generale; b) curano l'attuazione dei progetti e svolgono lâattivitĂ di gestione ad essi assegnati dal Direttore generale, adottando i relativi atti e provvedimenti amministrativi ed esercitano i poteri di spesa nei limiti fissati dal Regolamento per lâAmministrazione e la ContabilitĂ ; c) emanano i provvedimenti amministrativi di autorizzazione, concessione o di analoga natura il cui rilascio presupponga accertamenti e valutazioni da eseguire secondo criteri predeterminati dalla Legge, dallo Statuto, dai Regolamenti o da deliberazioni degli organi dellâuniversitĂ ; d) svolgono tutti gli altri compiti ad essi delegati dal Direttore generale; e) dirigono, coordinano e controllano l'attivitĂ degli uffici che da essi dipendono e dei responsabili dei procedimenti amministrativi, anche con poteri sostitutivi in caso di inerzia; f) effettuano la valutazione del personale assegnato ai propri uffici, nel rispetto del principio del merito; g) esercitano, nei casi previsti dalla legge, lâazione disciplinare nei confronti del personale tecnico-amministrativo che da essi dipende. 5. Per particolari esigenze di carattere specialistico, l'UniversitĂ puĂČ affidare a personale dipendente, nei limiti previsti dalla vigente normativa e sulla base di criteri predefiniti e valutazioni comparative per titoli, prestazioni lavorative non rientranti tra le funzioni o mansioni svolte da detto personale in ragione dellâufficio; tali prestazioni non costituiscono obbligo per il dipendente e possono essere assegnate solo previo assenso dellâinteressato. 6. Gli incarichi dirigenziali a tempo determinato a personale non appartenente al ruolo della dirigenza sono disciplinati dallâart. 19, commi 6, 6 bis, e 6 ter, del D. Lgs. 30/3/2001 n. 165 e s.m.i. con le modalitĂ stabilite da apposito Regolamento di Ateneo. TITOLO III ORGANI CAPO I ORGANI DI GOVERNO Art. 13 â Organi 1. Sono organi dellâUniversitĂ : a) Il Rettore; b) Il Senato accademico; c) Il Consiglio di Amministrazione; d) Il Direttore generale; e) Il Nucleo di Valutazione; f) Il Collegio dei Revisori dei Conti. Art. 14 â Il Rettore 1. Il Rettore ha la rappresentanza legale dellâUniversitĂ , esercita le funzioni di indirizzo, iniziativa e coordinamento delle attivitĂ scientifiche e didattiche, Ăš responsabile del perseguimento delle finalitĂ dellâUniversitĂ secondo criteri di qualitĂ e nel rispetto dei principi di efficacia, efficienza, trasparenza e promozione del merito. 2. Svolge, in particolare, le seguenti funzioni: a) convoca e presiede il Senato accademico e il Consiglio di Amministrazione; b) emana i Regolamenti; c) propone il documento di programmazione triennale di Ateneo ai sensi della normativa vigente, tenuto conto delle proposte e dei pareri del Senato accademico; d) propone la programmazione finanziaria annuale e triennale e la programmazione del personale; e) propone il bilancio di previsione annuale e triennale e il conto consuntivo; f) propone il conferimento dellâincarico di Direttore generale ed assegna allo stesso gli obiettivi strategici, secondo le linee di programmazione stabilite dal Consiglio di Amministrazione. g) assume lâiniziativa dei procedimenti disciplinari, anche di quelli relativi alle violazioni del Codice Etico, nei confronti dei professori e dei ricercatori; h) accerta la legittimitĂ degli atti relativi alle proposte di chiamata avanzate dai Dipartimenti dei professori di prima e seconda fascia e dei ricercatori; i) stipula i contratti per il conferimento di assegni per lo svolgimento di attivitĂ di ricerca, per lâattivitĂ di insegnamento e per il reclutamento di ricercatori a tempo determinato; j) in casi di necessitĂ e di urgenza adotta i provvedimenti opportuni e li sottopone alla ratifica dellâorgano competente nella prima adunanza successiva; k) assume tutte le determinazioni di sua competenza relative ai rapporti con il Servizio sanitario nazionale e regionale previste dalle norme e dalle convenzioni vigenti; l) provvede alle nomine e alle designazioni di sua competenza; m) conferisce procura alle liti; (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 2320 del 13/07/2016). n) esercita ogni ulteriore funzione non espressamente attribuita ad altri Organi dal presente Statuto. (Comma introdotto dal D.R. n. 2320 del 13/07/2016). 3. Lâufficio di Rettore Ăš incompatibile con ogni altra carica elettiva dellâUniversitĂ , con incarichi elettivi presso altre UniversitĂ italiane, statali, non statali legalmente riconosciute e telematiche, incarichi e nomine presso Fondazioni universitarie ed incarichi di natura politica e sindacale. 4. Il Rettore, su sua richiesta, ha diritto ad una limitazione dellâattivitĂ didattica. Art. 15 â Elezione del Rettore 1. Il Rettore Ăš eletto tra i professori ordinari a tempo pieno in servizio presso le UniversitĂ italiane. 2. Lâelezione avviene sulla base della presentazione di candidature e di un programma, con modalitĂ stabilite dal Regolamento generale di Ateneo. 3. Il Rettore dura in carica sei anni; il mandato non Ăš rinnovabile. 4. Sono elettori del Rettore: i professori e i ricercatori a tempo indeterminato, i ricercatori a tempo determinato di cui allâart. 24, comma 3, lett. b) della Legge 30/12/2010, n. 240; i componenti del Consiglio degli studenti; i rappresentanti del personale tecnicoamministrativo e dirigenziale nel Senato Accademico, nel Consiglio di Amministrazione ove presenti, nei Consigli di Dipartimento, ed i rappresentanti eletti del personale dellâAmministrazione Centrale in numero pari al 2% dei professori e ricercatori con diritto di voto. 5. Lâelezione Ăš indetta dal Decano dei professori ordinari. Nel caso di pari anzianitĂ nel ruolo prevale la maggiore anzianitĂ anagrafica. 6. Il corpo elettorale Ăš convocato dal Decano non prima di centottanta giorni dalla scadenza del mandato del Rettore in carica e in modo che le operazioni elettorali siano completate in tempo utile rispetto al termine di scadenza. Il Decreto di convocazione riporta il calendario delle votazioni, con lâindicazione di tre date, compresa quella dellâeventuale turno di ballottaggio. Lâavviso di convocazione Ăš pubblicato nellâAlbo Ufficiale on line dellâUniversitĂ disponibile sul sito internet istituzionale della stessa, almeno trenta giorni prima della data fissata per la prima votazione ed Ăš inviato negli stessi termini agli aventi diritto al voto. 7. Ciascuna votazione Ăš valida se vi partecipa la metĂ piĂč uno degli aventi diritto. Nelle prime due votazioni risulta eletto il candidato che abbia ottenuto la maggioranza assoluta dei voti. Qualora per due votazioni nessun candidato abbia conseguito tale maggioranza, si procede a votazione di ballottaggio tra i due candidati piĂč votati nella seconda votazione; risulta eletto il candidato che ottiene il maggior numero di voti. In caso di paritĂ prevale il piĂč anziano nel ruolo e, in caso di ulteriore paritĂ , il piĂč anziano per etĂ anagrafica. Lâeletto Ăš proclamato dal Decano ed Ăš nominato con Decreto del Ministro competente per lâUniversitĂ . 8. Nel caso di anticipata cessazione, le funzioni di ordinaria amministrazione vengono assunte dal Prorettore e il Decano dei professori ordinari convoca il corpo elettorale tra il trentesimo e il sessantesimo giorno successivo alla data di cessazione, notificando lâavviso di convocazione almeno venti giorni prima della data stabilita per lo svolgimento della prima votazione. 9. Nel caso di elezione per anticipata cessazione, il Rettore eletto assume la carica allâatto della nomina e resta in carica per i sei anni successivi. 10.Il Rettore Ăš obbligato alle dimissioni in caso di motivata mozione di sfiducia proposta dal Senato accademico e approvata dal corpo elettorale. La mozione di sfiducia deve essere proposta dal Senato accademico â comunque non prima che siano trascorsi due anni dallâinizio del mandato del Rettore â a maggioranza dei due terzi dei suoi componenti. La votazione del corpo elettorale sulla mozione di sfiducia Ăš valida se vi prende parte la metĂ piĂč uno degli aventi diritto al voto, come individuati dal precedente comma 4. Il corpo elettorale Ăš convocato secondo modalitĂ analoghe a quelle previste per lâelezione del Rettore. La mozione deve essere approvata con la maggioranza dei tre quinti dei votanti. Art. 16 â Il Prorettore e i delegati del Rettore 1. Il Rettore nomina, tra i professori ordinari a tempo pieno presso lâAteneo, un Prorettore che lo sostituisce in caso di assenza o impedimento. 2. Il Prorettore puĂČ richiedere al Rettore una limitazione dellâattivitĂ didattica. 3. Il Prorettore partecipa, senza diritto di voto, alle adunanze del Senato accademico e del Consiglio di Amministrazione. 4. Il Rettore puĂČ delegare specifiche funzioni a professori e ricercatori in servizio presso lâAteneo, tra quelli esperti nel settore oggetto della delega. La delega viene resa pubblica sul sito internet dellâAteneo. Il Rettore puĂČ revocare la delega. Art. 17 â Il Senato accademico 1. Il Senato accademico Ăš lâorgano che esercita la funzione di alta vigilanza sulla ricerca, la didattica e i servizi agli studenti. Il Senato accademico promuove e coordina la complessiva programmazione strategica a garanzia della politica culturale dell'Ateneo. 2. In particolare, il Senato accademico: a) formula proposte ed esprime pareri obbligatori in materia di didattica, di ricerca e di servizi agli studenti e di attivitĂ culturali nel quadro del documento di programmazione triennale di Ateneo ai sensi della normativa vigente, nonchĂ© in materia di attivazione, modifica o soppressione di corsi di studio, sedi, Dipartimenti e Scuole; b) approva, a maggioranza assoluta dei componenti, previo parere favorevole del Consiglio di Amministrazione, il Regolamento generale di Ateneo; c) approva, previo parere favorevole del Consiglio di Amministrazione, il Regolamento dei Centri di Ricerca e dei Centri di Servizio interdipartimentali; d) approva, previo parere favorevole del Consiglio di Amministrazione, i Regolamenti, compresi quelli di competenza dei Dipartimenti e delle Scuole, in materia di didattica e ricerca; e) approva, previo parere favorevole del Consiglio di Amministrazione, il Codice Etico e vigila sul conflitto di interessi; f) svolge funzioni di coordinamento e di raccordo tra i Dipartimenti e tra le Scuole; g) predispone le linee guida ed approva il Regolamento didattico dei corsi di studio istituiti presso i Dipartimenti; h) predispone le linee guida ed approva i Regolamenti di funzionamento delle Scuole di dottorato e dei singoli corsi di dottorato ed esprime parere sulla loro attivazione; i) esprime parere obbligatorio sul bilancio di previsione annuale e triennale e sul conto consuntivo dellâUniversitĂ ; j) esprime parere obbligatorio sulla programmazione finanziaria annuale e triennale e sulla programmazione del personale; k) esprime parere obbligatorio sul documento di programmazione triennale; l) esprime parere obbligatorio sulla proposta del Rettore di conferimento dellâincarico di Direttore generale; m) esprime parere obbligatorio in merito allâammontare delle tasse e dei contributi degli studenti, sentito il Consiglio degli studenti di Ateneo; n) stabilisce il calendario accademico; o) esprime parere obbligatorio sulla programmazione degli accessi ai corsi di studio proposta dai Dipartimenti; p) designa il coordinatore del Nucleo di Valutazione tra i professori a tempo pieno dellâAteneo; q) designa cinque membri nel Consiglio di Amministrazione appartenenti ai ruoli dellâAteneo; r) determina i criteri generali per la promozione e lâattuazione dei programmi nazionali ed internazionali di cooperazione in campo scientifico e didattico proponendo al Consiglio di Amministrazione il piano strategico per lâinternazionalizzazione; s) definisce la politica dellâAteneo per il diritto allo studio; t) puĂČ proporre al corpo elettorale, con la maggioranza di almeno due terzi dei suoi componenti, una motivata mozione di sfiducia al Rettore non prima che siano trascorsi due anni dallâinizio del suo mandato. Lâadunanza convocata per la mozione di sfiducia Ăš presieduta dal Decano del Senato che provvede alla convocazione quando ne facciano richiesta i componenti nella percentuale di cui al successivo comma 3); u) puĂČ conferire alle Scuole specifiche deleghe nei settori di propria competenza, per finalitĂ di maggiore efficacia ed efficienza; v) esprime parere al Rettore sulle determinazioni che questi ritenga di sottoporgli e, su proposta del Rettore, decide in merito alle violazioni del Codice Etico che non ricadono nelle competenze del Collegio di Disciplina; w) adotta, a maggioranza assoluta dei componenti, il proprio Regolamento, che ne disciplina lâorganizzazione e il funzionamento. 3. Il Senato accademico Ăš convocato dal Rettore di sua iniziativa o su motivata richiesta di almeno un terzo dei componenti con diritto di voto. Art. 18 â Composizione del Senato accademico 1. Il Senato accademico Ăš composto da: a) il Rettore che lo presiede; b) 8 Direttori di Dipartimento; c) 16 eletti in un collegio unico costituito tra gli appartenenti alle categorie di professori ordinari, professori associati, ricercatori a tempo indeterminato e ricercatori di cui all'art. 24 comma 3, lettera b) della legge 240/2010; d) 6 rappresentanti degli studenti tra cui il Presidente del Consiglio degli Studenti; e) 4 rappresentanti del personale tecnico-amministrativo e dirigenziale. 2. Per la componente di cui alla lett. b) e per quella di cui alla lett. c) occorre garantire la rappresentanza delle diverse aree culturali individuate nellâAteneo; per i membri di cui alla lett. c) deve essere, altresĂŹ, garantita la presenza di almeno tre professori ordinari, tre professori associati, tre ricercatori di cui almeno uno a tempo indeterminato. 3. I componenti elettivi del Senato accademico durano in carica quattro anni, ad eccezione degli studenti, il cui mandato Ăš biennale, nonchĂ© dei Direttori di Dipartimento, il cui mandato Ăš triennale, e dei ricercatori di cui all'art. 24 comma 3, lettera b) della Legge 240/2010, la cui carica Ăš correlata alla durata del contratto. Il mandato di tutti i componenti Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta. 4. Le modalitĂ di elezione sono disciplinate dal Regolamento generale di Ateneo. 5. Alle adunanze del Senato accademico possono partecipare, senza diritto di voto, il Pro Rettore ed i Presidenti delle Scuole se convocati. Alle adunanze del Senato Accademico partecipa, senza diritto di voto, il Direttore Generale con funzione di Segretario verbalizzante. Art. 21 â Collegio dei Revisori dei Conti 1. Il Collegio dei Revisori dei Conti Ăš composto da tre componenti effettivi e due supplenti ed Ăš nominato con Decreto del Rettore. 2. Un membro effettivo, con funzioni di Presidente, deve essere scelto tra i magistrati amministrativi e contabili e gli avvocati dello Stato ed Ăš designato dal Rettore. 3. Un membro effettivo ed uno supplente vengono designati dal Ministero dellâEconomia e delle Finanze. 4. Un membro effettivo ed uno supplente vengono scelti dal Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca. 5. Almeno due dei componenti effettivi devono essere iscritti al Registro dei Revisori contabili. 6. Eâ vietato il conferimento dellâincarico al personale dipendente dellâUniversitĂ . 7. Il Collegio dei Revisori dei Conti dura in carica quattro anni e i suoi componenti possono essere confermati per una sola volta. 8. Ai componenti effettivi e supplenti del Collegio dei Revisori Ăš corrisposta una indennitĂ di carica annuale, nella misura determinata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione e non modificabile per lâintero periodo di durata del loro ufficio. 9. I compiti e le modalitĂ di funzionamento del Collegio dei Revisori sono stabiliti dal Regolamento di Amministrazione e ContabilitĂ . Art. 22 â Nucleo di Valutazione 1. Il Nucleo di Valutazione ha il compito di valutare le attivitĂ didattiche, di ricerca, di trasferimento delle conoscenze, nonchĂ© quelle relative agli interventi di sostegno al diritto allo studio e quelle attinenti allâattivitĂ gestionale ed organizzativa svolta dai professori e ricercatori ed alla complessiva organizzazione funzionale ed amministrativa, per garantire il costante miglioramento del livello di qualitĂ , efficacia ed efficienza. 2. Il Nucleo Ăš organo indipendente e lâAteneo ne assicura l'autonomia operativa, il diritto di accesso ai dati e alle informazioni necessari, nonchĂ© la pubblicitĂ e la diffusione degli atti, nel rispetto della normativa a tutela della riservatezza. 3. Il Nucleo di Valutazione, tenendo anche conto dei criteri di valutazione fissati dallâANVUR: a) verifica la qualitĂ e lâefficacia dellâofferta didattica, anche sulla base degli indicatori individuati dalle Commissioni paritetiche docenti-studenti di cui allâart.32; b) verifica lâattivitĂ di ricerca svolta dai Dipartimenti e la congruitĂ dei curricula scientifici o professionali dei titolari dei contratti di insegnamento di cui allâart. 23 della Legge 240/2010; c) nellâarea medica e veterinaria verifica anche lâintegrazione fra lâattivitĂ didattica, di ricerca e clinico-assistenziale; d) svolge, in raccordo con lâattivitĂ dellâANVUR, le funzioni di cui allâart. 14 del D. Lgs. 27/10/2009 n. 150, relative alle procedure di valutazione delle strutture e del personale, al fine di promuovere nellâAteneo, in piena autonomia e con modalitĂ organizzative proprie, il merito ed il miglioramento della performance organizzativa ed individuale; e) esprime pareri e valutazioni sulla sostenibilitĂ della organizzazione delle attivitĂ di didattica e di ricerca, nonchĂ© sui progetti culturali, scientifici e didattici posti alla base delle proposte di costituzione di Dipartimenti e di Scuole; f) formula al Senato accademico ed al Consiglio di Amministrazione proposte per il miglioramento e lâottimizzazione della organizzazione delle attivitĂ di didattica e di ricerca; g) esprime valutazioni sulla strategia di reclutamento operata dai Dipartimenti; h) esprime pareri in ordine alle chiamate per chiara fama ed al conferimento di lauree honoris causa; i) monitora il funzionamento del sistema complessivo della valutazione, il rispetto della trasparenza ed integritĂ dei controlli interni; j) trasmette al Rettore un rapporto annuale sullâattivitĂ svolta. Art. 23 â Composizione del Nucleo di Valutazione 1. Il Nucleo di Valutazione Ăš composto da sette membri: a) un professore dellâAteneo a tempo pieno; b) un rappresentante degli studenti; c) cinque componenti non appartenenti ai ruoli dellâAteneo a decorrere dai tre anni precedenti la designazione. Tali membri, inoltre, non devono essere professori o ricercatori di UniversitĂ che abbiano stipulato un accordo di programma o federativo con lâAteneo, nĂ© debbono ricoprire, o aver ricoperto, cariche politicoelettive nei tre anni precedenti lâassunzione della carica; non devono, altresĂŹ, trovarsi in una posizione di conflitto di interessi, attuale o potenziale, con lâAteneo. 2. I componenti esterni del Nucleo di Valutazione devono essere esperti nel campo della valutazione anche in ambito non accademico e comunque in possesso di elevata qualificazione professionale. 3. La funzione di Coordinatore del Nucleo Ăš attribuita al professore di ruolo dellâAteneo designato dal Senato accademico. 4. I componenti esterni sono scelti dal Rettore, previa emanazione di un avviso pubblicato sul sito web di Ateneo ed esame dei curricula dei soggetti che hanno manifestato la propria disponibilitĂ . I curricula dei candidati sono resi pubblici sul sito web dellâAteneo. Dallâesame dei curricula degli aspiranti deve risultare che lâesperienza maturata sia coerente con le aree culturali presenti nellâAteneo. 5. Il rappresentante degli studenti viene eletto dal Consiglio degli studenti. 6. I componenti durano in carica quattro anni, con lâeccezione del rappresentante degli studenti che dura in carica due anni. Lâincarico puĂČ essere rinnovato immediatamente una sola volta. (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 2320 del 13/07/2016). 7. Le modalitĂ di organizzazione e funzionamento del Nucleo di Valutazione sono disciplinate da apposito Regolamento. Art. 24 â Direttore generale 1. Fatte salve le competenze attribuite dalle vigenti disposizioni ad altri soggetti, organi o strutture, il Direttore generale assicura, sulla base degli indirizzi forniti dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, la complessiva gestione ed organizzazione dei servizi, delle risorse strumentali e del personale dirigente e tecnico-amministrativo dellâAteneo, nonchĂ© lo svolgimento, in quanto compatibili, dei compiti di cui allâart. 16 del D. Lgs. 30/3/2001 n. 165 e s.m.i.. 2. Lâincarico di Direttore generale dellâAteneo Ăš conferito dal Consiglio di Amministrazione su proposta del Rettore, sentito il Senato accademico, mediante contratto di lavoro a tempo determinato di diritto privato. 3. Il Direttore generale viene scelto tra personalitĂ di elevata qualificazione professionale e comprovata esperienza pluriennale con funzioni dirigenziali. 4. Il contratto ha la durata di tre anni. Lâincarico puĂČ essere rinnovato, tenendo conto del grado di raggiungimento degli obiettivi assegnati al Direttore generale dal Rettore, nonchĂ© dellâeconomicitĂ , efficienza ed efficacia e funzionalitĂ delle prestazioni rese, anche per il tramite dei Dirigenti, dallâapparato amministrativo di competenza esclusiva del Direttore generale. Il trattamento economico spettante al Direttore generale Ăš definito in conformitĂ ai criteri e parametri fissati dal Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca di concerto con il Ministero dellâEconomia e delle Finanze. Qualora lâincarico sia conferito ad un dipendente pubblico, lo stesso Ăš collocato in aspettativa senza assegni per tutta la durata del contratto. 5. Il Direttore generale partecipa, senza diritto di voto, alle sedute del Senato accademico e del Consiglio di Amministrazione e svolge le funzioni di segretario verbalizzante. 6. Il Direttore generale esercita tutte le funzioni attribuitegli dalla legge, dal presente Statuto e dai Regolamenti. In particolare: a) cura lâattuazione dei programmi e delle direttive degli organi di governo dellâUniversitĂ e definisce gli obiettivi che i dirigenti devono perseguire, attribuendo agli stessi le conseguenti risorse umane, finanziarie e materiali; b) nel rispetto delle norme amministrativo-contabili previste dal Regolamento di Amministrazione e ContabilitĂ e delle altre disposizioni vigenti in materia, esercita i poteri di spesa di sua competenza; c) provvede alla istituzione ed alla organizzazione degli uffici e delle ripartizioni e dei servizi amministrativi e tecnici, definendone, tra lâaltro, gli orari di servizio e di apertura al pubblico; d) nellâambito della programmazione del personale e nel rispetto delle indicazioni date dagli organi di governo dellâUniversitĂ , provvede al reclutamento del personale tecnico-amministrativo e dirigente, stipula i conseguenti contratti individuali di lavoro subordinato, adotta tutti gli atti di gestione dello stesso che non siano di competenza delle strutture dotate di autonomia amministrativa e contabile, ivi compresi quelli attinenti allâattribuzione dei trattamenti economici, anche accessori. Resta ferma la specifica disciplina prevista dal Protocollo UniversitĂ â Regione stipulato ai sensi dellâart. 1 del D. Lgs. 21/12/1999 n. 517 e s.m.i. per il personale universitario tecnico-amministrativo utilizzato dallâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria Federico II; e) procede, anche mediante mobilitĂ , allâassegnazione del personale tecnico- amministrativo agli uffici, alle Ripartizioni ed alle strutture dellâAteneo, fatta eccezione per il personale tecnicoâamministrativo utilizzato presso lâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria Federico II, secondo quanto previsto nel Protocollo di Intesa Regione â UniversitĂ , stipulato, ai sensi dellâart. 1 del D. Lgs. 21/12/1999 n. 517 e s.m.i., per la disciplina del rapporto tra servizio sanitario regionale e UniversitĂ per lo svolgimento delle attivitĂ assistenziali; f) nomina i responsabili delle Ripartizioni e degli Uffici; g) Ăš responsabile del raggiungimento degli obiettivi strategici assegnati dal Rettore sulla base degli indirizzi formulati dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, nonchĂ© delle prestazioni rese, anche per il tramite dei Dirigenti, dallâapparato amministrativo di propria esclusiva competenza; h) indirizza, coordina, controlla e valuta lâattivitĂ degli altri dirigenti, assegnando loro gli obiettivi operativi e di comportamento, secondo il modello di valutazione adottato dal Nucleo di Valutazione e approvato dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, compatibilmente con quanto previsto dal D. Lgs. 27/10/2009 n. 150. Il Direttore generale, con provvedimento motivato, puĂČ procedere alla sostituzione dei dirigenti in caso di loro inerzia o ritardo. Con provvedimento motivato, per particolari esigenze di necessitĂ ed urgenza, puĂČ avocare a sĂ© specifici atti di competenza dei Dirigenti; i) esercita, nei casi previsti dalla legge, lâazione disciplinare nei confronti del personale tecnico-amministrativo e dirigente, fermo restando quanto previsto dal Protocollo di Intesa Regione â UniversitĂ stipulato ai sensi dellâart. 1 del D. Lgs. 21/12/1999 n. 517 e s.m.i. per il personale universitario tecnico-amministrativo utilizzato presso lâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria Federico II; j) stipula i contratti relativi alla fornitura di beni e servizi ed ai lavori, fatte salve le competenze dei Dirigenti o di altre strutture di Ateneo previste dal Regolamento di Amministrazione e ContabilitĂ ; k) propone al Consiglio di Amministrazione eventuali transazioni alle liti; l) chiede pareri agli organi delle altre amministrazioni anche internazionali; m) fornisce chiarimenti agli organi di controllo sugli atti di sua competenza; n) nellâambito degli atti di propria competenza, fornisce pareri e consulenze agli organi di governo dellâUniversitĂ ed agli organi delle altre strutture di Ateneo. o) propone al Rettore la nomina di legali interni per la rappresentanza e la difesa in giudizio dellâUniversitĂ . (Comma introdotto dal D.R. n. 2320 del 13/07/2016) 7. Il contratto con il Direttore generale puĂČ essere risolto a seguito di provvedimento motivato del Consiglio di Amministrazione, su proposta del Rettore, previo parere del Senato accademico, nelle ipotesi e con le procedure previste dalla legge e dal contratto. 8. Il Direttore generale puĂČ nominare â nellâambito dei Dirigenti in servizio presso lâAteneo â un proprio Vicario che esercita, in caso di assenza o impedimento, tutte le funzioni di competenza del Direttore generale. CAPO II ALTRI ORGANI Art. 25 â Consiglio degli Studenti 1. Al fine di valorizzare e favorire la partecipazione studentesca nellâambito dei processi decisionali degli organi di governo dellâUniversitĂ , il Consiglio degli Studenti esprime parere su: a) il Regolamento didattico di Ateneo e il Regolamento degli studenti; b) gli indirizzi concernenti la disciplina delle attivitĂ e dei servizi didattici; c) le tasse e i contributi degli studenti; d) i criteri di attuazione del diritto allo studio, anche in relazione alla formazione e alle prospettive professionali; e) la destinazione di risorse ad iniziative ed attivitĂ sociali, culturali, ricreative e sportive degli studenti ed allâutilizzo delle stesse; f) le proposte del Rettore, del Senato accademico, del Consiglio di Amministrazione e delle Commissioni paritetiche docenti-studenti, nelle materie di cui alle precedenti lettere. 2. Il Consiglio rende il parere sulle predette questioni entro venti giorni dal ricevimento della richiesta; decorso inutilmente tale termine, si procede indipendentemente dallâespressione del parere. 3. Il Consiglio puĂČ esprimere parere su ogni altra questione sottoposta allo stesso dagli organi di governo dellâAteneo; formula, altresĂŹ, proposte agli Organi di governo dellâUniversitĂ su tutto quanto attiene alle libertĂ , alla formazione culturale e professionale ed allo sviluppo della coscienza civile degli studenti. 4. Il Consiglio elegge tra i suoi componenti il rappresentante nel Nucleo di Valutazione. Art. 26 â Composizione del Consiglio degli studenti 1. Il Consiglio degli studenti Ăš composto, in numero non superiore a 45, dai rappresentanti degli studenti in seno al Senato accademico ed al Consiglio di Amministrazione e da una equilibrata rappresentanza elettiva degli studenti afferenti alle diverse strutture didattiche. 2. La prima adunanza del Consiglio degli studenti Ăš convocata dal Rettore. 3. Il Consiglio elegge al proprio interno il Presidente, che convoca le adunanze e provvede a trasmettere pareri e proposte agli organi competenti. Il Presidente Ăš membro del Senato accademico. 4. Le modalitĂ di elezione, nonchĂ© di organizzazione e funzionamento del Consiglio degli studenti di Ateneo sono stabilite con Regolamento di Ateneo. I membri durano in carica due anni e sono rieleggibili una sola volta. Art. 27 â Comitato Unico di Garanzia 1. Ă istituito il âComitato Unico di Garanzia per le pari opportunitĂ , la valorizzazione del benessere di chi lavora e contro le discriminazioniâ, di seguito CUG, che: a) promuove le pari opportunitĂ per tutte le componenti che studiano e lavorano nellâUniversitĂ , proponendo misure e azioni dirette a prevenire e a contrastare ogni forma di discriminazione fondata sul genere, sullâorientamento sessuale, lâorigine etnica, la religione, le convinzioni personali e politiche, le condizioni di disabilitĂ , lâetĂ ; b) promuove, in particolare, la paritĂ effettiva fra i generi, individuando le eventuali discriminazioni, dirette e indirette, nella formazione professionale, nellâaccesso al lavoro, nelle condizioni di lavoro, nelle progressioni di carriera e nella retribuzione e proponendo le iniziative necessarie a rimuoverle; c) predispone piani di azioni positive dirette a prevenire le discriminazioni e a promuovere condizioni di effettiva paritĂ per il genere sottorappresentato; d) promuove la diffusione della cultura delle pari opportunitĂ , anche attraverso la valorizzazione degli studi di genere e lo svolgimento di attivitĂ a carattere scientifico, formativo e culturale; e) attua azioni dirette a favorire la realizzazione di un ambiente lavorativo improntato al benessere organizzativo, contrastando qualsiasi forma di discriminazione e di violenza morale, fisica o psicologica; f) assicura lâadozione di politiche di conciliazione tra tempi di vita e di lavoro. 2. Il CUG assume, altresĂŹ, nellâambito di competenza, compiti consultivi e di monitoraggio. 3. Ciascuna delle organizzazioni sindacali maggiormente rappresentative a livello di Amministrazione indica un componente del CUG ed il collegio Ăš integrato da ulteriori componenti in egual numero, nominati dal Rettore a seguito di procedura elettorale ed appartenenti, nella misura del cinquanta per cento per ciascuna categoria, ai ruoli dei professori/ricercatori e del personale dirigente/tecnico-amministrativo. Nel caso in cui il numero dei componenti di spettanza sindacale sia dispari, al fine di rendere paritaria la composizione del CUG, avrĂ diritto ad un ulteriore seggio la componente meno rappresentata complessivamente tra quelle dei professori/ricercatori e del personale dirigente/tecnico-amministrativo. Sono altresĂŹ membri del CUG due studenti eletti in rappresentanza della componente studentesca iscritta ai corsi di studio ed un componente eletto in rappresentanza dei dottorandi e degli specializzandi. La componente studentesca partecipa alle riunioni del CUG con pieni diritti, fatta eccezione per le deliberazioni inerenti il benessere organizzativo e la gestione del rapporto di lavoro. In ogni caso la composizione complessiva del CUG dovrĂ assicurare, nel complesso, compatibilmente con il numero dei componenti del CUG medesimo, la presenza paritaria di entrambi i generi. 4. I componenti del CUG devono essere in possesso di: a) adeguate conoscenze ed esperienze nelle materie di competenza del CUG; b) adeguate esperienze nellâambito delle pari opportunitĂ o del mobbing, del contrasto alle discriminazioni; c) adeguate attitudini, intendendo per tali le caratteristiche personali, relazionali e motivazionali. 5. Il possesso dei predetti requisiti viene accertato sulla base del curriculum degli interessati, che va presentato e pubblicizzato sia ai fini della designazione da parte sindacale sia per la componente elettiva ai fini della candidatura. 6. Le modalitĂ di svolgimento delle votazioni e dello scrutinio sono definite con Regolamento di Ateneo. 7. Il Presidente Ăš eletto dal CUG tra i propri componenti. 8. Il CUG ha la medesima durata fissata per il Consiglio di Amministrazione e si rinnova contemporaneamente ad esso; la rappresentanza della componente studentesca rimane in carica per un periodo di due anni accademici. Il mandato Ăš rinnovabile per una sola volta. 9. Il CUG Ăš organo indipendente e lâAteneo ne assicura l'autonomia operativa, il diritto di accesso ai dati e alle informazioni necessari, nonchĂ© la pubblicitĂ e la diffusione degli atti, nel rispetto della normativa a tutela della riservatezza. 10.Il CUG puĂČ dotarsi di un proprio Regolamento di funzionamento. Art. 28 â Collegio di Disciplina 1. Il Collegio di Disciplina Ăš competente a svolgere la fase istruttoria dei procedimenti disciplinari nei confronti dei professori e dei ricercatori e ad esprimere parere conclusivo sulla proposta avanzata dal Rettore, sia in relazione alla rilevanza dei fatti sul piano disciplinare sia in relazione al tipo di sanzione da irrogare. 2. Il Collegio di Disciplina Ăš composto da tre professori di prima fascia, di cui uno presidente, due professori di seconda fascia e due ricercatori, tutti in regime di tempo pieno. I componenti del Collegio sono designati dal Senato Accademico in composizione limitata ai professori e ricercatori, di concerto con il Rettore, previa emanazione di un avviso pubblicato sul sito web di Ateneo per almeno 15 giorni e recante lâinvito a manifestare la disponibilitĂ ad assumere la carica rivolto ai professori e ricercatori a tempo pieno in servizio presso lâAteneo. Il Rettore, sulla base dei curricula che devono essere presentati dagli interessati, propone, laddove possibile, al Senato Accademico una rosa di numero doppio rispetto ai componenti del Collegio da nominare. I componenti sono nominati con decreto rettorale, durano in carica quattro anni e non sono rinnovabili. Per ciascuna categoria di membri sono designati altrettanti membri supplenti che sostituiscono i titolari in caso di impedimento o di assenza. (Comma cosĂŹ modificato dal D.R. n. 2175 del 17/06/2015) 3. Il presidente, in caso di assenza o impedimento, Ăš sostituito dal professore piĂč anziano nel ruolo. A paritĂ di anzianitĂ nel ruolo prevale il piĂč anziano di etĂ . 4. Il Collegio opera secondo il principio del giudizio fra pari, esprimendosi unicamente con la presenza di componenti di qualifica almeno pari a quella del soggetto sottoposto al procedimento, nel rispetto del principio del contraddittorio. 5. Lâavvio del procedimento disciplinare spetta al Rettore che, per ogni fatto che possa dar luogo all'irrogazione di una sanzione piĂč grave della censura tra quelle previste dall'articolo 87 del testo unico delle leggi sull'istruzione superiore di cui al R.D. 31/8/1933 n. 1592, entro trenta giorni dal momento della conoscenza dei fatti, trasmette gli atti al Collegio, formulando motivata proposta. 6. Il Collegio, uditi il Rettore o un suo delegato, nonchĂ© il professore o il ricercatore sottoposto ad azione disciplinare, eventualmente assistito da un difensore di fiducia, entro trenta giorni esprime parere sulla proposta avanzata dal Rettore, sia in relazione alla rilevanza dei fatti sul piano disciplinare sia in relazione al tipo di sanzione da irrogare e trasmette gli atti al Consiglio di Amministrazione. 7. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione, senza la rappresentanza degli studenti, entro trenta giorni dalla ricezione del parere, applica la sanzione ovvero dispone lâarchiviazione del procedimento, in conformitĂ al parere vincolante espresso dal Collegio di Disciplina. 8. Il procedimento si estingue se la decisione di cui al comma precedente non intervenga nel termine di centottanta giorni dalla data di avvio del procedimento stesso. Tale termine e' sospeso fino alla ricostituzione del collegio di disciplina ovvero del Consiglio di Amministrazione nel caso in cui siano in corso le operazioni preordinate alla formazione dello stesso che ne impediscono il regolare funzionamento. Il termine Ăš, altresĂŹ, sospeso, per non piĂč di due volte e per un periodo non superiore a sessanta giorni in relazione a ciascuna sospensione, ove il collegio ritenga di dover acquisire ulteriori atti o documenti per motivi istruttori; il Rettore dĂ esecuzione alle richieste istruttorie avanzate dal collegio. 9. La partecipazione al Collegio non dĂ luogo alla corresponsione di compensi, emolumenti, indennitĂ o rimborsi delle spese. 10. Il Collegio di Disciplina vigila sul rispetto del Codice Etico. (Comma abrogato dal D.R. n. 2175 del 17/06/2015). TITOLO IV RICERCA E DIDATTICA Art. 29 â Dipartimenti 1. I Dipartimenti, strutture portanti dellâAteneo, svolgono funzioni finalizzate allo svolgimento: a) della ricerca scientifica; b) delle attivitĂ didattiche e formative; c) delle attivitĂ rivolte allâesterno, correlate o accessorie a quelle di cui alle lettere a) e b) quali, la diffusione dei risultati della ricerca, la formazione permanente certificata, il trasferimento delle conoscenze come fattore di sviluppo socioeconomico. Tali attivitĂ sono svolte, nellâarea medica, anche con specifico riferimento alla salute nei suoi aspetti preventivi, diagnostici, terapeutici ed organizzativi. 2. Nei Dipartimenti dellâarea medica, alle funzioni di didattica e di ricerca si affiancano le funzioni assistenziali che sono svolte in modo inscindibile. 3. Il Dipartimento Ăš costituito da professori e ricercatori sulla base dellâappartenenza ad una medesima area scientifico-disciplinare ovvero a settori omogenei dal punto di vista culturale, didattico e scientifico, secondo i criteri stabiliti nella proposta di costituzione, al fine di condividere un progetto di formazione e ricerca, sul quale esprime parere il Nucleo di Valutazione. Nel progetto vanno individuati i settori scientifico-disciplinari di riferimento del Dipartimento, che devono essere indicati nel Regolamento di funzionamento della struttura. I professori e i ricercatori devono afferire ad un solo Dipartimento. I professori e i ricercatori afferiscono al Dipartimento che ne ha proposto la chiamata; la successiva richiesta di afferenza ad altro Dipartimento puĂČ essere formulata sulla base dei medesimi criteri previsti in sede di prima costituzione dei Dipartimenti. Nel rispetto dello stato giuridico dei professori e ricercatori e della libertĂ di insegnamento, il Dipartimento cui si chiede lâafferenza si esprime sulla coerenza della richiesta di afferenza con il progetto culturale, con la dimensione organizzativa e con gli obiettivi formativi dellâordinamento didattico secondo quanto previsto dallâart. 2, comma 6, del presente Statuto. Su tale richiesta delibera il Consiglio di Amministrazione, sentiti il Dipartimento di destinazione ed il Senato accademico. 4. La proposta di costituzione del Dipartimento Ăš approvata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, previo parere del Nucleo di Valutazione, sentito il Senato accademico. 5. Il numero minimo di professori e ricercatori per la costituzione di un Dipartimento Ăš di cinquanta unitĂ . Qualora dopo la sua costituzione il numero degli afferenti al Dipartimento dovesse scendere sotto la soglia indicata, sarĂ concesso un periodo di tre anni per il riequilibrio della consistenza numerica, oltre il quale il Dipartimento sarĂ automaticamente disattivato. In nessun caso, comunque, Ăš possibile scendere sotto la soglia di quaranta componenti. 6. I Dipartimenti hanno autonomia gestionale, organizzativa, regolamentare. Hanno altresĂŹ autonomia di spesa, secondo quanto previsto dal Regolamento di Amministrazione e ContabilitĂ . Dispongono degli spazi, delle strutture e del personale tecnicoamministrativo occorrenti al proprio funzionamento, nonchĂ© di una dotazione ordinaria assegnata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, sulla base della valutazione effettuata dal Nucleo di Valutazione. ModalitĂ di funzionamento e di esercizio delle loro attivitĂ sono definite da ciascun Dipartimento con apposito Regolamento. 7. I Dipartimenti, in ragione di specifiche esigenze di carattere scientifico ed organizzativo possono essere strutturati in sezioni che ne rappresentano una mera articolazione. Lâorganizzazione amministrativa Ăš definita con provvedimento del Direttore Generale, sentito il Direttore del Dipartimento. 8. Uno o piĂč Dipartimenti possono proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione e lâattivazione dei corsi di studio, secondo le procedure disciplinate dalla normativa vigente e purchĂ© siano in grado di soddisfare i requisiti di sostenibilitĂ di seguito prefissati. Per i corsi di laurea e di laurea magistrale Ăš necessario che il Dipartimento o lâinsieme di dipartimenti assicuri la copertura di almeno i due terzi dei Crediti Formativi Universitari delle materie caratterizzanti con i professori e ricercatori ad esso afferenti. Motivate deroghe a tale soglia potranno essere autorizzate, in casi particolari, dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, su parere favorevole del Nucleo di Valutazione, sempre che il Dipartimento proponente o lâinsieme di dipartimenti assicuri la copertura di piĂč del 50% dei Crediti Formativi Universitari delle materie caratterizzanti. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione delibera lâattivazione del corso e lo incardina nel Dipartimento proponente. Il Senato esprime parere preventivo sullâattivazione del Corso e approva il relativo Regolamento Didattico. In caso di proposizione da parte di un insieme di dipartimenti il corso sarĂ coordinato dalla Scuola cui appartengono i Dipartimenti che concorrono alla sua attivazione ovvero dalla Scuola individuata di comune accordo qualora i Dipartimenti appartengano a Scuole diverse. Nellâarea medica la Scuola formula la proposta didattica integrata con il necessario contributo di tutti i Dipartimenti ad essa afferenti, nel rispetto dei vincoli normativi. 9. Il Dipartimento puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione di uno o piĂč corsi di dottorato anche in collaborazione con altri Dipartimenti, Scuole e altri Atenei. Un Dipartimento non inserito in una Scuola puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione di una Scuola di Dottorato, anche in collaborazione con altri Dipartimenti. 10.Il Dipartimento puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione di Scuole di Specializzazione con lâobiettivo di favorire la formazione professionalizzante nei settori previsti dalla legge. Nellâarea medica le Scuole di Specializzazione sono istituite su proposta della Scuola, secondo la procedura prevista dalla normativa vigente. 11.Il Dipartimento puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione di corsi di Master universitario, che, una volta istituti, sono organizzati e gestiti dal Dipartimento proponente al pari di un corso di studio. 12.Il Consiglio di Dipartimento, per ciascuno dei corsi di studio in esso incardinati, istituisce una Commissione per il Coordinamento didattico. A tale Commissione prendono parte tutti i professori e i ricercatori afferenti al Corso di studio. Alla medesima Commissione il Dipartimento stesso puĂČ delegare parte delle proprie funzioni in ordine alle attivitĂ didattiche. Qualora il Dipartimento non istituisca la Commissione, tali funzioni vengono esercitate dal Consiglio di Dipartimento: alle adunanze del Consiglio convocate esclusivamente per esercitare la funzione di coordinamento delle attivitĂ didattiche, partecipano tutti i professori e ricercatori del Corso di Studio. Le modalitĂ di partecipazione sono fissate dal regolamento. Il Coordinatore Ăš individuato ai sensi dellâarticolo 46, comma 2. La funzione di coordinatore puĂČ essere esercitata dal Direttore di Dipartimento. Il Consiglio di Dipartimento approva i Manifesti degli Studi dei corsi incardinati nel Dipartimento previo parere delle Commissioni per il Coordinamento didattico. 13.I Dipartimenti: a) svolgono le attivitĂ didattiche relative agli insegnamenti dei settori scientificodisciplinari funzionali al progetto culturale del Dipartimento, mettendo a disposizione spazi, attrezzature e personale propri; b) assegnano i compiti didattici a ciascun professore e ricercatore ad essi afferenti nel rispetto della normativa vigente. I Dipartimenti che fanno parte di una Scuola, per lâassegnazione di tali compiti didattici, devono tener conto del coordinamento fissato dalla Scuola. Il Senato accademico, laddove necessario, esercita il coordinamento didattico tra Scuole o tra Dipartimenti che non afferiscono a Scuole. I Dipartimenti comunicano al Senato accademico la distribuzione dei carichi didattici relativi ai professori e ricercatori afferenti a ciascuno di essi ai fini della funzione di alta vigilanza spettante al medesimo Senato accademico; c) nei propri settori scientifico-disciplinari di riferimento, sulla base delle proprie esigenze di ricerca e di didattica, richiedono al Consiglio di Amministrazione le risorse per lâattivazione dei procedimenti di chiamata di professori ordinari, associati e ricercatori. Su tali richieste, ai soli fini del coordinamento, della razionalizzazione e dellâequilibrio delle attivitĂ didattiche, esprime parere il Consiglio di Scuola, ove costituita. Per i Dipartimenti non appartenenti ad una Scuola, tale parere viene espresso dal Senato accademico. La strategia di reclutamento dei Dipartimenti viene valutata dal Nucleo di Valutazione che nellâarea medica e veterinaria terrĂ conto anche dellâattivitĂ integrata di didattica, di ricerca e clinico-assistenziale; d) richiedono strutture, personale tecnico-amministrativo e risorse finanziarie al Consiglio di Amministrazione sulla base dell'attivitĂ di ricerca svolta o programmata e dei necessari servizi di supporto alla didattica; su tali richieste la Scuola formula al Consiglio di Amministrazione proposte organizzative e pareri. Per i Dipartimenti non afferenti ad una Scuola tale funzione Ăš svolta dal Senato accademico; e) nellâambito delle proprie competenze e nei limiti fissati dal Regolamento di Ateneo in materia, i Dipartimenti possono stipulare contratti e convenzioni con soggetti pubblici e privati per attivitĂ di ricerca, di consulenza e di servizio in conto terzi. 14.Gli organi del Dipartimento sono: a) il Consiglio del Dipartimento; b) il Direttore del Dipartimento; c) la Giunta del Dipartimento. Allegato n. 1 15. Il Consiglio di Dipartimento Ăš composto da: a) i professori e i ricercatori afferenti al Dipartimento; b) un segretario con voto consultivo e con funzioni verbalizzanti scelto tra gli appartenenti almeno alla categoria D secondo le modalitĂ indicate nel Regolamento di Ateneo in materia; c) rappresentanti degli studenti iscritti ai corsi di laurea, di laurea magistrale e di dottorato di ricerca incardinati nel Dipartimento in numero pari al 15% dei professori e dei ricercatori, secondo modalitĂ stabilite dal Regolamento che deve prevedere la presenza di almeno un rappresentante per i corsi di dottorato. Tali rappresentanti durano in carica due anni; il mandato Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta. Le modalitĂ di partecipazione alle sedute sono fissate da apposito Regolamento ; d) rappresentanti del personale tecnico-amministrativo in una misura non superiore al 10 % della componente dei professori e dei ricercatori afferenti al Dipartimento. Tali rappresentanti durano in carica tre anni; il mandato Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta; e) un rappresentante degli assegnisti di ricerca. 16. Il Direttore del Dipartimento: a) viene eletto dal Consiglio fra i professori ordinari a tempo pieno o, ricorrendo le condizioni previste dalla normativa vigente, fra i professori associati a tempo pieno afferenti al Dipartimento stesso; b) viene nominato con Decreto rettorale e dura in carica tre anni. Al Direttore del Dipartimento puĂČ essere riconosciuta una indennitĂ di funzione nella misura determinata secondo le modalitĂ previste allâart. 6.4 dello Statuto ( ). c) l'incarico Ăš rinnovabile per una sola volta. 17. La Giunta di Dipartimento coadiuva il Direttore nell'esercizio delle sue funzioni ed ha compiti istruttori e propositivi. 18. Fanno parte della Giunta il Direttore e il segretario di cui al precedente comma 15 lett. b), questâultimo con voto consultivo e con funzioni verbalizzanti. I membri della Giunta restano in carica tre anni; il loro mandato Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta. 19. Nellâarea medica lâattivitĂ assistenziale si svolge secondo quanto previsto dallo schema di intesa Regione-UniversitĂ ai sensi della normativa vigente. 20. Il Dipartimento che rappresenta al suo interno lâarea medico-veterinaria, ferme restando le competenze di legge del Rettore, svolge, in particolare, le seguenti funzioni: a) cura e gestisce il sistema di certificazione e di accreditamento europeo del Corso di laurea in Medicina veterinaria sottoponendo alla Scuola, cui eventualmente afferisce, ed al Consiglio di Amministrazione, le eventuali necessitĂ di potenziamento dellâattivitĂ formativa dettate dal sistema di valutazione comunitario; b) pone in essere con le strutture del servizio sanitario regionale le iniziative necessarie al fine di realizzare la coessenzialitĂ del sistema di assistenza sanitaria e del sistema universitario della formazione. 21. Le funzioni e le modalitĂ di elezione del Direttore sono disciplinate da apposito Regolamento di Ateneo. 22. Il Regolamento disciplina il funzionamento del Consiglio del Dipartimento. Composizione, modalitĂ di elezione della Giunta di Dipartimento nonchĂ© le regole di funzionamento della stessa sono disciplinate dal Regolamento di funzionamento del Dipartimento, garantendo una equilibrata rappresentanza delle componenti. Art. 30 â Scuole 1. Le Scuole sono strutture di coordinamento costituite da piĂč Dipartimenti che vi aderiscono sulla base di criteri di affinitĂ culturale, didattica, scientifica e disciplinare. Ciascun Dipartimento puĂČ fare parte di una sola Scuola. Nellâarea medica la Scuola deve garantire il principio di inscindibilitĂ delle funzioni assistenziali da quelle di insegnamento e di ricerca e realizzare la piena integrazione delle attivitĂ assistenziali, formative e di ricerca svolte in collaborazione con il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. 2. La richiesta di afferenza di un Dipartimento ad una Scuola Ăš deliberata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, sentito il parere del Senato accademico. 3. Le Scuole coordinano le attivitĂ didattiche comuni fra i Dipartimenti che ne fanno parte per una razionale gestione dellâofferta formativa e per la tutela della qualitĂ della didattica. Nellâarea medica la Scuola deve garantire lâintegrazione delle attivitĂ formative con le politiche di programmazione e di formazione poste in essere dal Servizio Sanitario. La Scuola deve favorire lâaccesso e lo svolgimento dellâattivitĂ assistenziale dei professori e ricercatori sulla base della loro qualificazione e competenza scientifica ed assistenziale, nel rispetto del loro stato giuridico, al fine di salvaguardare lâespletamento dei doveri di insegnamento e di ricerca. 4. Le Scuole favoriscono al loro interno la ricerca interdisciplinare, promuovendo lâinternazionalizzazione e i grandi progetti di ricerca che coinvolgano le aree culturali dei vari Dipartimenti afferenti. Promuovono ed incoraggiano le attivitĂ di trasferimento delle conoscenze sul territorio, amplificando e coordinando le singole iniziative dei Dipartimenti. 5. La Scuola, nellâassolvimento dei propri compiti istituzionali, per un piĂč efficace ed efficiente funzionamento, puĂČ ricevere dal Senato accademico deleghe nei settori di propria competenza. 6. Le Scuole esercitano la gestione dei servizi comuni loro affidati. Nellâarea medica la Scuola interagisce con lâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria per la gestione dei servizi comuni di sua competenza. 7. Le Scuole sono dotate di autonomia organizzativa e gestionale e di spesa in relazione alle funzioni ad esse assegnate e nei limiti delle norme vigenti. Dispongono di spazi, strutture e personale tecnico-amministrativo occorrenti al proprio funzionamento. Hanno autonomia regolamentare nelle materie di propria competenza. ModalitĂ di funzionamento e di esercizio delle loro attivitĂ sono definite da apposito regolamento approvato dal Senato Accademico, previo parere del Consiglio di Amministrazione. 8. Una Scuola puĂČ essere costituita se il numero complessivo dei professori e ricercatori dei Dipartimenti costituenti Ăš pari ad almeno 300 unitĂ . 9. Il Consiglio Ăš lâorgano deliberante della Scuola. Fanno parte del Consiglio della Scuola: a) tutti i Direttori dei Dipartimenti facenti parte della Scuola; b) rappresentanti dei professori e dei ricercatori afferenti ai Dipartimenti costituenti la Scuola in misura pari al 10% dei componenti dei Consigli dei Dipartimenti stessi cosĂŹ individuati: b1) coordinatori dei corsi di studio, di dottorato e delle scuole di specializzazione nella misura prevista dal regolamento della scuola; in ogni caso, il loro numero, non puĂČ essere superiore al 50% dei componenti di cui alla lettera b); b2) professori e ricercatori membri delle Giunte di Dipartimento, in modo che sia garantita complessivamente nel Consiglio la rappresentanza dei Dipartimenti costituenti e la rappresentanza delle fasce; c) rappresentanti degli studenti iscritti ai corsi di laurea, di laurea magistrale e di dottorato di ricerca incardinati nei Dipartimenti aderenti alla Scuola in numero pari al 15% dei professori e dei ricercatori componenti del Consiglio della Scuola, secondo modalitĂ stabilite dal Regolamento di Ateneo, purchĂ© sia prevista la presenza di almeno un rappresentante per i corsi di dottorato e di scuola di specializzazione. Tali rappresentanti durano in carica due anni; il mandato Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta. Le modalitĂ di partecipazione alle sedute sono fissate da apposito Regolamento ; 10.Le funzioni di Presidente del Consiglio della Scuola sono attribuite ad un professore ordinario a tempo pieno eletto in seno al Consiglio secondo quanto previsto da apposito Regolamento di Ateneo. 11.La carica ha durata di tre anni ed Ăš rinnovabile per una sola volta. 12.La Scuola puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione di una o piĂč Scuole di Dottorato anche in collaborazione con Dipartimenti esterni alla Scuola, con altre Scuole e altri Atenei. 13.La Scuola puĂČ proporre al Consiglio di Amministrazione lâistituzione, secondo la procedura prevista dalla normativa vigente, di Scuole di Specializzazione con lâobiettivo di favorire la formazione professionalizzante post lauream nei settori previsti dalla legge, ivi compresa lâarea medica e quella veterinaria di concerto con i competenti Ministeri. 14.Il Consiglio della Scuola verifica la distribuzione dei carichi didattici, compresi contratti e affidamenti di incarichi di insegnamento, effettuata dai Dipartimenti per garantire il soddisfacimento ottimale dei fabbisogni; nel caso di Dipartimenti non afferenti ad una Scuola tale funzione Ăš esercitata dal Senato accademico. 15.Ai soli fini del coordinamento, della razionalizzazione e dellâequilibrio delle attivitĂ didattiche, le Scuole esprimono parere al Consiglio di Amministrazione in ordine alle richieste di risorse formulate dai Dipartimenti afferenti per lâattivazione dei procedimenti di chiamata di professori ordinari, associati e ricercatori. In assenza della Scuola tale funzione Ăš esercitata dal Senato accademico. 16.Nellâarea medica la Scuola Ăš lâunica struttura competente ad esprimere pareri al Rettore, al Senato accademico e al Consiglio di Amministrazione su tutte le deliberazioni dellâUniversitĂ attinenti i rapporti con il Servizio sanitario nazionale e regionale e sulla programmazione in materia di reclutamento dei Dipartimenti tenendo conto della congruitĂ e del necessario equilibrio delle aree per la dovuta integrazione delle attivitĂ didattiche, di ricerca e clinico-assistenziali. 17.Nellâarea medica, al fine di promuovere lâapprofondimento e la diffusione di tematiche etiche, deontologiche e giuridiche concernenti la ricerca biomedica di base ed applicata e la prassi clinico-assistenziale nei suoi aspetti diagnostici e terapeutici, Ăš istituito il Centro di Bioetica per la sperimentazione biomedica disciplinato da apposito Regolamento. Al Centro afferisce il Comitato Etico per le attivitĂ biomediche. 18.Al fine di realizzare economie di scala e di scopo e migliorare lâefficienza nellâuso delle risorse e delle strutture, le Scuole formulano proposte organizzative ed esprimono pareri sulle richieste di strutture, grandi attrezzature e personale tecnico-amministrativo avanzate dai Dipartimenti, esprimendosi sulla base dellâattivitĂ di ricerca svolta e programmata e dei necessari servizi di supporto alla didattica. Per i Dipartimenti non afferenti ad una Scuola tale funzione Ăš svolta dal Senato accademico. 19.Le Scuole possono sovrintendere al patrimonio edilizio di pertinenza, di concerto con i Servizi centrali di Ateneo, e possono gestire i relativi servizi comuni. Ai fini di una maggiore efficienza possono essere stipulati accordi per la gestione dei servizi comuni fra Dipartimenti, anche se non hanno costituito una Scuola, e fra Scuole e Dipartimenti non afferenti ad esse. 20.Le Scuole, nel caso di particolari condizioni di localizzazione territoriale delle strutture afferenti, possono delegare alcune delle funzioni di cui al comma precedente ai Dipartimenti interessati. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione per le stesse motivazioni puĂČ assegnare alcune delle predette funzioni direttamente ai Dipartimenti. 21.LâAteneo, attraverso il Nucleo di Valutazione, esercita i poteri di controllo e di valutazione dei risultati prodotti dalle Scuole in tutte le loro attivitĂ . Art. 31 â Centri speciali per la didattica 1. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione, previo parere del Senato Accademico, puĂČ istituire Centri speciali per la didattica, collocati ad un livello interscuola, in relazione alla particolare complessitĂ organizzativa della didattica derivante dalla presenza diffusa in molteplici strutture delle competenze necessarie a realizzare lâattivitĂ formativa in determinati ambiti culturali, allo scopo di assicurare le necessarie attivitĂ di coordinamento dei relativi corsi di studio incardinati in piĂč Dipartimenti afferenti a Scuole diverse. 2. Le modalitĂ di organizzazione e funzionamento di tali Centri sono disciplinate in sede di proposta istitutiva sul modello dipartimentale. Art. 33 â Centri di ricerca 1. I Centri di ricerca sono strutture aggregative interdipartimentali o interuniversitarie, istituite per la promozione e la realizzazione di ricerche interdisciplinari e multidisciplinari di rilevante interesse scientifico, sulla base di un progetto condiviso, anche sotto il profilo finanziario, tra piĂč Dipartimenti, anche di Atenei diversi. I Centri di ricerca possono essere incardinati nelle Scuole quando il progetto istitutivo le individui come sede elettiva per la gestione e lâorganizzazione delle attivitĂ di comune interesse e possono concorrere allo svolgimento di attivitĂ didattiche integrative secondo quanto previsto nel Regolamento del Centro. 2. L'istituzione e lâattivazione dei Centri di ricerca Ăš deliberata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, senza maggiori oneri a carico del bilancio dellâUniversitĂ , su proposta di almeno due Dipartimenti e sentito il Senato accademico ovvero, su delega dello stesso, i Consigli delle Scuole alle quali afferiscono i Dipartimenti proponenti. 3. Le strutture proponenti devono determinare preventivamente il fabbisogno economico e le risorse acquisibili per il funzionamento dei Centri, garantirne lâefficienza, anche attraverso la ripartizione di quote tra le medesime strutture proponenti e lâattribuzione di spazi a carico delle stesse, nonchĂ© verificare la sussistenza di unâadeguata capacitĂ attrattiva di risorse dallâesterno. 4. I Centri hanno autonomia gestionale, regolamentare, organizzativa e di spesa. Possono stipulare contratti e convenzioni con soggetti pubblici e privati per attivitĂ in conto terzi. 5. L'attivitĂ dei Centri, la sostenibilitĂ finanziaria e lâefficienza degli stessi sono sottoposte a verifica triennale da parte del Nucleo di Valutazione di Ateneo. Nel caso di valutazione negativa, il Nucleo di Valutazione assume le determinazioni conseguenti sottoponendole al Consiglio di Amministrazione, che delibera sentito il Senato accademico. Il Senato accademico puĂČ delegare tale funzione ai Consigli delle Scuole alle quali afferiscono i Dipartimenti che hanno proposto lâistituzione del Centro. Lâeventuale disattivazione del Centro interdipartimentale Ăš disposta con Decreto del Rettore. 6. Lâorganizzazione interna ed il funzionamento dei Centri di ricerca sono regolati, sul modello organizzativo dei Dipartimenti, da un Regolamento interno. Per i Centri interdipartimentali, il Regolamento viene adottato sulla base di uno schema-tipo approvato dal Senato accademico. Lâorganizzazione interna ed il funzionamento dei Centri interuniversitari sono regolati in conformitĂ alla convenzione istitutiva. Art. 34 â Centri di servizio interdipartimentali 1. I Centri di servizio interdipartimentali sono strutture organizzative costituite allo scopo di sviluppare e potenziare i servizi per le attivitĂ di ricerca e di didattica, anche attraverso la migliore utilizzazione di risorse strumentali, laboratori e attrezzature complesse di interesse comune a piĂč Dipartimenti dellâUniversitĂ . 2. L'istituzione e lâattivazione dei Centri di servizio interdipartimentali Ăš deliberata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, senza maggiori oneri a carico del bilancio dellâUniversitĂ , su proposta motivata e dettagliata di almeno due Dipartimenti e sentito il Senato accademico ovvero, su delega dello stesso, i Consigli delle Scuole alle quali afferiscono i Dipartimenti proponenti. 3. Lâorganizzazione interna ed il funzionamento dei Centri di servizio interdipartimentali sono regolati, sul modello organizzativo dei Dipartimenti, da un Regolamento interno adottato sulla base di uno schema-tipo approvato dal Senato accademico, previo parere del Consiglio di Amministrazione. 4. Ai Centri di servizio interdipartimentali si applicano, in quanto compatibili, le norme previste per i Centri di ricerca. Art. 35 â Centri di servizio dellâAteneo 1. I Centri di servizio dellâAteneo sono strutture organizzative dirette alla realizzazione di scopi specifici di interesse generale per lâUniversitĂ , attraverso la gestione e l'utilizzazione di servizi comuni, al fine di promuoverne la qualitĂ dei processi. 2. I Centri di servizio operano secondo criteri di efficienza e di efficacia e i risultati dellâattivitĂ svolta sono valutati sulla base dei criteri fissati dal Nucleo di Valutazione. 3. Lâistituzione dei Centri di servizio dellâAteneo Ăš deliberata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione su proposta del Rettore, sentito il Senato accademico. La proposta istitutiva deve indicare le finalitĂ istituzionali, nonchĂ© le modalitĂ di organizzazione e funzionamento del Centro sul modello dipartimentale. Tale proposta deve altresĂŹ contenere la previsione del fabbisogno economico e di personale occorrente per il suo funzionamento. 4. I Centri di servizio dellâAteneo dispongono di spazi, strutture e personale tecnicoamministrativo, occorrenti al proprio funzionamento, nonchĂ© di una dotazione ordinaria assegnata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione. I Centri hanno autonomia gestionale, organizzativa e di spesa e possono svolgere, nei limiti delle proprie disponibilitĂ e nel rispetto delle prioritĂ istituzionali, attivitĂ in conto terzi a favore di enti pubblici e privati, secondo quanto stabilito con apposite convenzioni. 5. I Direttori dei Centri di servizio dellâAteneo sono nominati dal Rettore tra i professori di ruolo dell'UniversitĂ con specifica qualificazione nelle materie oggetto dellâattivitĂ dei Centri medesimi. Lâincarico ha durata triennale e puĂČ essere rinnovato. Art. 36 â Azienda agraria e zootecnica 1. LâAzienda agraria e zootecnica Ăš una struttura ausiliaria per le attivitĂ dellâUniversitĂ nellâambito della ricerca, della didattica e della sperimentazione, nei settori disciplinari inclusi nellâarea delle scienze agrarie e di quelle veterinarie. LâAzienda, in particolare, Ăš costituita allo scopo di organizzare, coordinare e implementare, anche mediante lâadozione di tecnologie innovative, i servizi a sostegno dei programmi di ricerca applicata e della didattica pratica. 2. LâAzienda ha autonomia gestionale, organizzativa e di spesa, dispone di spazi, strutture e personale tecnico-amministrativo occorrenti al proprio funzionamento, nonchĂ© di una dotazione ordinaria assegnata dal Consiglio di Amministrazione. 3. Le modalitĂ di funzionamento dell'Azienda sono disciplinate da Regolamento adottato in conformitĂ alla normativa vigente; ad essa si applicano, in quanto compatibili, le norme dei Centri di servizio. Art. 37 â Orto botanico 1. L'Orto botanico dell'UniversitĂ ha lo scopo di introdurre, curare e conservare specie vegetali da diffondere e proteggere, nonchĂ© di assicurarne la ricerca e la divulgazione. 2. L'Orto ha, altresĂŹ, lo scopo di raccogliere e conservare collezioni di semi e di legni, oltre che collezioni di piante fossili e di oggetti di interesse etnobotanico nellâannesso Museo di Paleobotanica ed Etnobotanica. 3. L'Orto ha autonomia gestionale, organizzativa e di spesa. Ad esso si applicano, in quanto compatibili, le norme relative ai Centri di ricerca interdipartimentali. Le modalitĂ di funzionamento dell'Orto botanico sono disciplinate da Regolamento. Art. 38 â Azienda ospedaliera universitaria 1. L'Azienda ospedaliera universitaria Ăš costituita, con autonoma personalitĂ giuridica, dall'UniversitĂ d'intesa con la Regione. Essa opera con le modalitĂ e secondo quanto disposto dalla normativa vigente che disciplina i rapporti tra Servizio sanitario regionale e UniversitĂ . 2. L'UniversitĂ concorre alle attivitĂ assistenziali dellâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria con l'apporto di personale docente e non docente e di beni mobili ed immobili; la Regione concorre erogando il corrispettivo dellâattivitĂ svolta secondo quanto previsto dalla normativa vigente e dagli appositi accordi stipulati tra essa e lâUniversitĂ . 3. La gestione dellâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria Ăš informata al principio dellâautonomia economico-finanziaria. 4. Il patrimonio immobiliare e mobiliare concesso in uso all'Azienda ospedaliera universitaria resta di proprietĂ dell'Ateneo e non puĂČ essere modificato nella propria consistenza e configurazione in mancanza di apposita autorizzazione del Consiglio di Amministrazione dell'UniversitĂ . 5. La gestione dellâAzienda ospedaliera universitaria deve essere informata allâesigenza di garantire le funzioni istituzionali delle strutture universitarie che vi operano. Art. 39 â Sistema bibliotecario e Centro di Ateneo per le Biblioteche 1. Il Sistema bibliotecario di Ateneo Ăš volto ad organizzare la raccolta, la conservazione, l'arricchimento, la classificazione e la fruizione del patrimonio bibliotecario e documentale dell'UniversitĂ , garantendo la razionalizzazione e lâefficacia dei servizi resi all'utenza. Il Sistema bibliotecario di Ateneo Ăš formato dalle biblioteche dellâAteneo, nonchĂ© dai centri di documentazione dellâUniversitĂ , inclusa la Biblioteca Digitale, ed Ăš coordinato dal Centro di Ateneo per le Biblioteche. 2. I principi di funzionamento del Sistema Bibliotecario di Ateneo sono stabiliti con Regolamento di Ateneo. 3. LâUniversitĂ garantisce al Sistema bibliotecario di Ateneo, mediante delibera assunta dal Consiglio di Amministrazione, sentiti il Senato accademico e il Centro di Ateneo per le Biblioteche, le risorse necessarie al suo funzionamento e al perseguimento dei suoi obiettivi. Art. 40 â Sistema museale 1. Il Sistema museale dell'UniversitĂ , costituito da Centri Museali e da Musei Dipartimentali, organizza e coordina, anche mediante tecnologie innovative, la raccolta, la conservazione, l'arricchimento, la catalogazione, lo studio e la fruizione dei beni di interesse scientifico, storico e artistico dell'UniversitĂ . 2. I Centri museali hanno autonomia gestionale, organizzativa e di spesa; ad essi si applicano, in quanto compatibili, le norme relative ai Centri di servizio. 3. I principi di funzionamento del Sistema museale sono stabiliti con Regolamento di Ateneo. 4. Altri Musei e Centri museali possono essere costituiti con apposita convenzione o tra piĂč UniversitĂ , o con soggetti pubblici e privati. Art. 41 â Tutorato e monitoraggio sullâefficacia dellâofferta didattica 1. L'UniversitĂ organizza e disciplina, con Regolamento, il servizio di tutorato finalizzato a rimuovere, per tutto il corso degli studi, gli ostacoli alla proficua frequenza e a rendere gli studenti attivamente partecipi del processo formativo, secondo le esigenze e le attitudini dei singoli. Il servizio di tutorato Ăš obbligatorio nei corsi erogati con la modalitĂ della formazione a distanza. 2. LâUniversitĂ , attraverso le proprie strutture organizza e disciplina, anche in collaborazione e con il sostegno finanziario di altri Atenei, il monitoraggio delle carriere degli studenti e degli sbocchi professionali dei laureati e dei dottori di ricerca, con il compito di: a) operare analisi delle tendenze delle iscrizioni; b) fornire ai Dipartimenti, alle Scuole ed al servizio di tutorato dati ed analisi su ritardi e tendenziali abbandoni, affinchĂ© se ne rimuovano le cause; c) cooperare con lâente preposto al diritto allo studio universitario, anche al fine di promuovere iniziative per il superamento di difficoltĂ personali, economiche, sociali ed ambientali; d) valutare anche attraverso lâanalisi dei tempi e dei modi dellâ inserimento dei laureati e dei dottori di ricerca, le prospettive del mercato del lavoro, segnalando le opportunitĂ esistenti nei vari settori; e) provvedere, su segnalazione di relatori e commissioni, nel rispetto della vigente normativa, alla raccolta sistematica di titoli ed estratti di tesi di laurea e di dottorato, mettendoli a disposizione di enti ed imprese interessati. Art. 42 â Altri servizi per gli studenti 1. L'UniversitĂ , anche in collaborazione con ordini professionali, enti e istituzioni pubbliche e private, organizza servizi volti a garantire a studenti e laureati informazioni sulle borse di studio, sugli scambi culturali e sulle opportunitĂ di lavoro in Italia e all'estero. I servizi sono gestiti dallâAmministrazione anche con la collaborazione degli studenti, secondo le modalitĂ previste dalla normativa vigente. 2. L'UniversitĂ istituisce per laureati e dottori di ricerca borse di studio anche per l'estero e puĂČ fornire sussidi per tirocini pratici presso strutture anche non universitarie, italiane e straniere, collaborando a curare i relativi adempimenti amministrativi. 3. L'UniversitĂ favorisce lo svolgimento di attivitĂ di servizio civile e di volontariato nelle forme previste dalla vigente normativa. Articolo 43 â Formazione post lauream 1. LâUniversitĂ puĂČ attivare, anche in collaborazione con soggetti pubblici o privati, corsi di master universitario di primo e di secondo livello e corsi di perfezionamento tecnicoscientifico post lauream, nonchĂ© corsi di aggiornamento per la formazione continua. 2. Le modalitĂ di attivazione, di organizzazione e di funzionamento di tali corsi sono disciplinate, oltre che dalla vigente normativa ministeriale, dai Regolamenti di Ateneo. Art. 44 â Titoli di studio universitari 1. L'UniversitĂ rilascia i seguenti titoli: a) laurea; b) laurea magistrale; c) master universitario di I e di II livello; d) diploma di specializzazione; e) dottorato di ricerca. Art. 45 âAttivitĂ didattica 1. LâattivitĂ didattica Ăš erogata dai Dipartimenti. 2. Cooperano alle attivitĂ didattiche l'Orto Botanico, l'Azienda Agraria e Zootecnica, l'Azienda ospedaliera universitaria, le Biblioteche, i Musei, i Centri di ricerca, i Centri interdipartimentali di servizio, che mettono a disposizione, se necessario, anche spazi, attrezzature e personale propri. 3. I corsi di Laurea e di Laurea Magistrale, i corsi di Dottorato, i corsi delle Scuole di specializzazione e i corsi di Master universitario di I e II livello sono riportati nel sito ufficiale dellâAteneo. 4. L'attivitĂ didattica Ăš disciplinata, nel rispetto della libertĂ di insegnamento, dalle normative di legge, dal Regolamento didattico di Ateneo e dai Regolamenti dei singoli corsi di studio istituiti da Dipartimenti. I Regolamenti garantiscono l'adozione di percorsi formativi coerenti e adeguati al valore legale dei titoli di studio rilasciati ed alla loro valenza nell'ambito dell'Unione europea. 5. Il Regolamento didattico di Ateneo disciplina l'ordinamento generale degli studi, dei corsi e delle attivitĂ formative. Ad esso si conformano, nel rispetto delle loro autonomie, i Regolamenti dei singoli corsi di studio istituiti dai Dipartimenti, secondo le linee guida formulate dal Senato accademico. Art. 46 â Organizzazione dei corsi di laurea e di laurea magistrale 1. I Dipartimenti nominano un Coordinatore ed istituiscono una Commissione per il coordinamento didattico dei corsi di laurea e di laurea magistrale con lo scopo di assicurare unitarietĂ allâorganizzazione dei corsi. In alternativa, il Dipartimento puĂČ esercitare direttamente tale funzione secondo quanto disciplinato dallâart. 29, comma 12. 2. Il Coordinatore Ăš eletto dal Consiglio del Dipartimento, a maggioranza degli aventi diritto al voto, tra i professori a tempo pieno responsabili di un insegnamento nel relativo corso di studio. Dura in carica tre anni ed il mandato Ăš rinnovabile una sola volta. In caso di impedimento o di assenza, ne assume le funzioni il Decano dei professori della Commissione di coordinamento. 3. Il Coordinatore: a) convoca e presiede la Commissione; b) promuove e coordina l'attivitĂ didattica del corso di studio e riferisce al Consiglio di Dipartimento e di Scuola; c) sottopone al Consiglio di Dipartimento e di Scuola le proposte della Commissione e cura l'esecuzione delle delibere dei Consigli in materia didattica; d) collabora con il Direttore del Dipartimento o il Presidente della Scuola per i rapporti con il Nucleo di Valutazione e per la valutazione dei requisiti dellâofferta formativa. 4. La Commissione per il coordinamento didattico dei corsi di laurea e di laurea magistrale Ăš istituita dal Dipartimento in cui il corso Ăš incardinato. Ne fanno parte tutti i professori, inclusi i professori a contratto, e i ricercatori responsabili di un insegnamento nel corso di studio, anche se non afferenti al Dipartimento. Fanno parte della Commissione i rappresentanti degli studenti del corso di laurea eletti nel Consiglio di Dipartimento, iscritti al corso stesso. 5. La Commissione: a) coordina l'attivitĂ didattica; b) esamina e approva i piani di studio presentati dagli studenti e tutte le altre pratiche didattiche; c) sperimenta nuove modalitĂ didattiche; d) espleta tutte le funzioni istruttorie. Formula proposte e pareri in merito allâOrdinamento didattico, al Regolamento didattico e al Manifesto degli Studi dei corsi di studio, che il coordinatore trasmette per lâapprovazione al Consiglio di Dipartimento; e) elabora il documento annuale di autovalutazione del corso di studio che il Consiglio di Dipartimento trasmette alla Commissione paritetica docenti-studenti; f) svolge tutte le altre funzioni a essa delegate dal Consiglio di Dipartimento. 6. In caso di corsi di studio di nuova istituzione tutte le funzioni istruttorie sono svolte dal Consiglio di Dipartimento. Art. 47 â Dottorato di ricerca 1. Un Dipartimento o una Scuola, o un insieme coordinato di queste strutture, propone lâattivazione dei corsi di Dottorato di ricerca nel rispetto della normativa vigente, prevedendo quanto necessario per lâorganizzazione ed il funzionamento degli stessi. La proposta di attivazione viene strutturata secondo quanto previsto da apposito Regolamento in materia. 2. L'organizzazione e il funzionamento dei corsi di dottorato sono disciplinati dalla legge, dal Regolamento in materia e da eventuali convenzioni, anche di tipo consortile, con altri Atenei italiani e stranieri. 3. I corsi di Dottorato sono obbligatoriamente riuniti in Scuole di Dottorato, in base ad affinitĂ tematiche, al fine dellâottimizzazione delle risorse e delle attivitĂ didattiche. Le Scuole di Dottorato sono istituite su proposta di un Dipartimento o di una Scuola, o di un insieme coordinato di essi, con delibera del Consiglio di Amministrazione, previo parere del Senato Accademico. 4. Il funzionamento delle Scuole di Dottorato, la attivazione o la disattivazione di singoli corsi di dottorato sono disciplinati dal Regolamento di funzionamento, adottato secondo le linee guida fissate dal Senato accademico e approvate dal Consiglio di Amministrazione. 5. I corsi e le scuole di dottorato sono oggetto di valutazione da parte del Nucleo. Https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! CGEIT: Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT Volume A Question #1 You are the project manager of the NHQ project for your company. You are working with your project team to complete a risk audit. A recent issue that your project team responded to, and management approved, was to increase the project schedule because there was risk surrounding the installation time of a new material. Your logic was that with the expanded schedule there would be time to complete the installation without affecting downstream project activities. What type of risk response is being audited in this scenario? ï· A. Avoidance ï· B. Mitigation ï· C. Parkinson's Law ï· D. Lag Time Answer: A Question #2 You are the project manager for your organization. You are preparing for the quantitative risk analysis. Mark, a project team member, wants to know why you need to do quantitative risk analysis when you just completed qualitative risk analysis. Which one of the following statements best defines what quantitative risk analysis is? ï· A. Quantitative risk analysis is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. ï· B. Quantitative risk analysis is the planning and quantification of risk responses based on probability and impact of each risk event. ï· C. Quantitative risk analysis is the review of the risk events with the high probability and the highest impact on the project objectives. ï· D. Quantitative risk analysis is the process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #3 Your project spans the entire organization. You would like to assess the risk of the project but are worried that some of the managers involved in the project could affect the outcome of any risk identification meeting. Your worry is based on the fact that some employees would not want to publicly identify risk events that could make their supervisors look bad. You would like a method that would allow participants to anonymously identify risk events. What risk identification method could you use? ï· A. Delphi technique ï· B. Isolated pilot groups ï· C. SWOT analysis ï· D. Root cause analysis Answer: A Question #4 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. _________models address specifications, requirements, design, verification and validation, and maintenance activities. Answer: Life cycle Question #5 Fill in the blank with an appropriate word. ________is also referred to as corporate governance, and covers issues such as board structures, roles and executive remuneration. Answer: Conformance Question #6 Which of the following is NOT a sub-process of Service Portfolio Management? ï· A. Service Portfolio Update ï· B. Business Planning Data ï· C. Strategic Planning ï· D. Strategic Service Assessment ï· E. Service Strategy Definition Answer: B Question #7 Mary is the business analyst for your organization. She asks you what the purpose of the assess capability gaps task is. Which of the following is the best response to give Mary? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. It identifies the causal factors that are contributing to an effect the solution will solve. ï· B. It identifies new capabilities required by the organization to meet the business need. ï· C. It describes the ends that the organization wants to improve. ï· D. It identifies the skill gaps in the existing resources. Answer: B Question #8 Which of the following are the roles of a CEO in the Resource management framework? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Organizing and facilitating IT strategic implementations ï· B. Establishment of business priorities & allocation of resources for IT performance ï· C. Overseeing the aggregate IT funding ï· D. Capitalization on knowledge & information Answer: ABD Question #9 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. _________is the study of how the variation (uncertainty) in the output of a mathematical model can be apportioned, qualitatively or quantitatively, to different sources of variation in the input of a model Answer: Sensitivity analysis Question #10 Which of the following is a process that occurs due to mergers, outsourcing or changing business needs? ï· A. Voluntary exit ï· B. Plant closing ï· C. Involuntary exit ï· D. Outplacement Answer: C Question #11 Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. An ___________ is a resource, process, product, computing infrastructure, and so forth that an organization has determined must be protected. Answer: asset https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #12 You work as a project manager for TYU project. You are planning for risk mitigation. You need to identify the risks that will need a more in-depth analysis. Which of the following activities will help you in this? ï· A. Estimate activity duration ï· B. Quantitative analysis ï· C. Qualitative analysis ï· D. Risk identification Answer: C Question #13 An organization supports both programs and projects for various industries. What is a portfolio? ï· A. A portfolio describes all of the monies that are invested in the organization. ï· B. A portfolio is the total amount of funds that have been invested in programs, projects, and operations. ï· C. A portfolio describes any project or program within one industry or application area. ï· D. A portfolio describes the organization of related projects, programs, and operations. Answer: D Question #14 Your organization mainly focuses on the production of bicycles for selling it around the world. In addition to this, the organization also produces scooters. Management wants to restrict its line of production to bicycles. Therefore, it decides to sell the scooter production department to another competitor. Which of the following terms best describes the sale of the scooter production department to your competitor? ï· A. Corporate restructure ï· B. Divestiture ï· C. Rightsizing ï· D. Outsourcing Answer: B Question #15 You are the business analyst for your organization and are preparing to conduct stakeholder analysis. As part of this process you realize that you'll need several inputs. Which one of the following is NOT an input you'll use for the conduct stakeholder analysis task? ï· A. Organizational process assets ï· B. Enterprise architecture ï· C. Business need https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Enterprise environmental factors Answer: D Question #16 Which of the following is the process of comparing the business processes and performance metrics including cost, cycle time, productivity, or quality? ï· A. Agreement ï· B. COBIT ï· C. Service Improvement Plan ï· D. Benchmarking Answer: D Question #17 You are the project manager of a large project that will last four years. In this project, you would like to model the risk based on its distribution, impact, and other factors. There are three modeling techniques that a project manager can use to include both event-oriented and project oriented analysis. Which modeling technique does NOT provide event-oriented and project oriented analysis for identified risks? ï· A. Modeling and simulation ï· B. Expected monetary value ï· C. Sensitivity analysis ï· D. Jo-Hari Window Answer: D Question #18 Which of the following processes is described in the statement below? "This is the process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives." ï· A. Identify Risks ï· B. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis ï· C. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis ï· D. Monitor and Control Risks Answer: C Question #19 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Benchmarking is a continuous process that can be time consuming to do correctly. Which of the following guidelines for performing benchmarking identifies the critical processes and creates measurement techniques to grade the process? ï· A. Research ï· B. Adapt ï· C. Plan ï· D. Improve Answer: C Question #20 Jenny is the project manager for the NBT projects. She is working with the project team and several subject matter experts to perform the quantitative risk analysis process. During this process she and the project team uncover several risks events that were not previously identified. What should Jenny do with these risk events? ï· A. The events should be determined if they need to be accepted or responded to. ï· B. The events should be entered into the risk register. ï· C. The events should continue on with quantitative risk analysis. ï· D. The events should be entered into qualitative risk analysis. Answer: B Question #21 Beth is a project team member on the JHG Project. Beth has added extra features to the project and this has introduced new risks to the project work. The project manager of the JHG project elects to remove the features Beth has added. The process of removing the extra features to remove the risks is called what? ï· A. Corrective action ï· B. Preventive action ï· C. Scope creep ï· D. Defect repair Answer: B Question #22 Which of the following elements of planning gap measures the gap between the total potential for the market and the actual current usage by all the consumers in the market? ï· A. Project gap ï· B. Competitive gap ï· C. Usage gap https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Product gap Answer: C Question #23 Mark is the project manager of the BFL project for his organization. He and the project team are creating a probability and impact matrix using RAG rating. There is some confusion and disagreement among the project team as to how a certain risk is important and priority for attention should be managed. Where can Mark determine the priority of a risk given its probability and impact? ï· A. Risk response plan ï· B. Look-up table ï· C. Project sponsor ï· D. Risk management plan Answer: B Question #24 Which of the following processes is responsible for low risk, frequently occurring low cost changes? ï· A. Incident Management ï· B. IT Facilities Management ï· C. Release Management ï· D. Request Fulfillment Answer: D Question #25 You are a management consultant. WebTech Inc., an e-commerce organization, hires you to analyze its SWOT. Which of the following factors will you not consider for the SWOT analysis? ï· A. Bandwidth ï· B. Pricing ï· C. Product ï· D. Promotion Answer: A Question #26 You work as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. You are working on a project and the management wants a rapid and cost-effective means for establishing priorities for planning risk responses in your project. Which risk management process can satisfy management's objective for your project? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Quantitative analysis ï· B. Qualitative risk analysis ï· C. Historical information ï· D. Rolling wave planning Answer: B Question #27 You are the project manager for your organization and you are working with Thomas, a project team member. You and Thomas have been working on a specific risk response for a probable risk event in the project. Thomas is empowered with a risk response and will control all aspects of the identified risk response in which a particular risk event will happen within the project. What title, in regard to risk, is bestowed on Thomas? ï· A. Risk coordinator ï· B. Risk expeditor ï· C. Risk owner ï· D. Risk team leader Answer: C Question #28 Which of the following essential elements of IT Portfolio Investment Management drives better decisions by providing real-time portfolio performance information in personalized views, such as cost/benefit summary, risk versus reward, ROI versus alignment, and balance bubble charts? ï· A. Workflow, Process Management, Tracking and Authorization ï· B. Portfolio Management ï· C. Integrated Dashboards and Scorecards ï· D. Portfolio What-If Planning Answer: C Question #29 DRAG DROP - Val IT is a suite of documents that provide a framework for the governance of IT investments, produced by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI). It is a formal statement of principles and processes for IT portfolio management. Drag and drop the correct domain ('Portfolio management') next to the IT processes defined by Val IT. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Select and Place: Answer: Question #30 What are the various phases of the Software Assurance Acquisition process according to the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Acquisition and Outsourcing Working Group? ï· A. Implementing, contracting, auditing, monitoring ï· B. Requirements, planning, monitoring, auditing ï· C. Designing, implementing, contracting, monitoring ï· D. Planning, contracting, monitoring and acceptance, follow-on Answer: D Question #31 Which of the following sub-processes of Service Portfolio Management is used to define the overall goals that the service provider should follow in its development based on the outcome of Strategic Service Assessment? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Service Portfolio Update ï· B. Strategic Service Assessment ï· C. Service Strategy Definition ï· D. Strategic Planning Answer: C Question #32 Which of the following are the main goals of Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG)'s strategic plan 2008- 2013?Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. It employs modern communication techniques and technologies. ï· B. It builds on our reach and impact within the muslim world. ï· C. It engages the world in conversation about England. ï· D. It enhances program delivery across all platforms. Answer: ABD Question #33 Which of the following types of IT organizational structures states that all IT decision making and the IT budget are in one place, much easier to manage, and require much less effort to organize? ï· A. Decentralized ï· B. Federated ï· C. Project-based ï· D. Centralized Answer: D Question #34 A service provider guarantees for end-to-end network traffic performance to a customer. Which of the following types of agreement is this? ï· A. LA ï· B. VPN ï· C. NDA ï· D. SLA Answer: D Question #35 Which of the following domains of COBIT covers areas such as the execution of the applications within the IT system and its results as well as the support processes that enable the effective and efficient execution of these IT systems? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Deliver and Support ï· B. Acquire and Implement ï· C. Monitor and Evaluate ï· D. Plan and Organize Answer: A Question #36 Gary has identified a project risk that could injure project team members. He does not want to accept any risk where someone could become injured on this project so he hires a professional vendor to complete this portion of the project work. This workaround to the risk event is known as what type of risk response? ï· A. Avoidance ï· B. Mitigation ï· C. Acceptance ï· D. Transference Answer: D Question #37 Management has asked you to perform a risk audit and report back on the results. Bonny, a project team member asks you what a risk audit is. What do you tell Bonny? ï· A. A risk audit is a review of the effectiveness of the risk responses in dealing with identified risks and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process. ï· B. A risk audit is a review of all the risks that have yet to occur and what their probability of happening are. ï· C. A risk audit is an audit of all the risks that have occurred in the project and what their true impact on cost and time has been. ï· D. A risk audit is a review of all the risk probability and impact for the risks, which are still present in the project but which have not yet occurred. Answer: A Question #38 Wendy is the project manager of the FBL project for your company. She has identified several risks within her project and has created a risk contingency reserve of $45,000 total. Her project is nearly complete and many of the risks have not happened in the project. What should Wendy do with the funds in the contingency reserve? ï· A. The funds for the risks that have passed and have not happened are transferred to the project budget. ï· B. The funds remain in the contingency reserve until all of the risks have passed. ï· C. The funds remain in the contingency reserve until the project is closed. ï· D. The funds for the risks that have passed and have not happened are released. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #39 Which of the following frameworks defines ERM as a process, effected by an entity's board of directors, management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise? ï· A. COBIT ï· B. COSO ERM framework ï· C. Casualty Actuarial Society framework ï· D. Val IT Answer: B Question #40 The IT strategy formulation process consists of four steps to provide guidance to all who are involved. Which of the following steps are performed in the IT strategy formulation process? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Decide how to get from here to there. ï· B. Evaluate changes. ï· C. Assess process maturity. ï· D. Map out the big picture. Answer: ABD Question #41 Which of the following concepts is a semi-standard structured report supported by proven design methods and automation tools that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by staff within their control and monitor the consequences arising from these actions? ï· A. Total Security Management ï· B. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) ï· C. Total Quality Management ï· D. Six Sigma Answer: B Question #42 DRAG DROP - Drag and drop the various architecture domains for TOGAF at the appropriate places. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Select and Place: Answer: Question #43 DRAG DROP - The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a set of concepts and policies for managing information technology (IT) infrastructure, development, and operations. Drag and drop the ITIL processes that focus on service operation, i.e. operational processes in Service Support, in the correct places. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Select and Place: Answer: Question #44 You are the project manager of the HJK project for your organization. You and the project team have created risk responses for many of the risk events in the project. A teaming agreement is an example of what risk response? ï· A. Mitigation ï· B. Sharing ï· C. Transference ï· D. Acceptance Answer: B Question #45 Which of the following is the main objective of business process outsourcing? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Realigning business process with business strategy ï· B. Permitting the enterprise to focus on core main competences ï· C. Optimizing business processes ï· D. Increasing the automation of business processes Answer: B Question #46 In which of the following phases of the SDLC does the software and other components of the system faithfully incorporate the design specifications and provide proper documentation and training? ï· A. Design ï· B. Initiation ï· C. Programming and training ï· D. Evaluation and acceptance Answer: C Question #47 You are the project manager of a newly formed project to create a new manufacturing facility. You are working with a business analyst to identify, document, and prioritize stakeholders' needs for the facility. You'll also need to quantify any subjective terms and needs to define the project scope. What is this process called? ï· A. Requirements analysis ï· B. Project scope statement creation ï· C. Requirements gathering ï· D. Stakeholder analysis Answer: D Question #48 IT Governance is used by the management to regulate the Information Systems, to accomplish its objectives. IT governance forms an integral part of corporate governance. Which of the following elements are required to implement a good IT governance framework? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Communication ï· B. Structure ï· C. Project ï· D. Process Answer: ABD Question #49 Which of the following roles is responsible for review and risk analysis of all contracts on a regular basis? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. The Service Catalogue Manager ï· B. The Supplier Manager ï· C. The Configuration Manager ï· D. The IT Service Continuity Manager Answer: B Question #50 All projects that are presented in your organization must go through a board to review the return on investment, risk, and worthiness of a project. All projects are considered but not all projects are initiated. What is the name of the process that this board is completing in your organization? ï· A. Project selection committee ï· B. Change governance ï· C. Project portfolio management ï· D. Project portfolio management board Answer: C Question #51 Which of the following essential elements of IT Portfolio Investment Management enables portfolio managers to include or exclude investments, change start and end dates, adjust budgets and reevaluate priorities? ï· A. Integrated Capability ï· B. Portfolio Planning Analysis ï· C. Portfolio What-If Planning ï· D. Portfolio Management Answer: C Question #52 Fred is the project manager of the PKL project. He is working with his project team to complete the quantitative risk analysis process as a part of risk management planning. Fred understands that once the quantitative risk analysis process is complete, the process will need to be completed again in at least two other times in the project. When will the quantitative risk analysis process need to be repeated? ï· A. Quantitative risk analysis process will be completed again after the risk response planning and as a part of monitoring and controlling. ï· B. Quantitative risk analysis process will be completed again after the plan risk response planning and as part of procurement. ï· C. Quantitative risk analysis process will be completed again after new risks are identified and as pa of monitoring and controlling. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Quantitative risk analysis process will be completed again after the cost management planning an as a part of monitoring and controlling. Answer: A Question #53 You work as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. There has been a delay in your project work that is adversely affecting the project schedule. You decided, with your stakeholders' approval, to fast track the project work to get the project done faster. When you fast track the project which of the following are likely to increase? ï· A. Costs ï· B. Risks ï· C. Human resource needs ï· D. Quality control concerns Answer: B Question #54 Which of the following processes ensures that all vital assets and resources of the organization are safeguarded? ï· A. Defining Resource Requirements process ï· B. Cost estimating process ï· C. Vendor contract administration process ï· D. Risk management process Answer: D Question #55 In software development, which of the following analysis is used to document the services and functions that have been accidentally left out, deliberately eliminated or still need to be developed? ï· A. Vulnerability analysis ï· B. Cost-benefit analysis ï· C. Requirement analysis ï· D. Gap analysis Answer: D Question #56 The entry points to Service Strategy are referred to as "the Four Ps". They identify the different forms a service strategy may take. Which of the following is a correct list of the 'Four Ps'? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. People, Products, Partners, and Profit ï· B. People, Potential, Products, and Performance ï· C. Potential, Preparation, Performance, and Profit ï· D. Perspective, Position, Plan, and Pattern Answer: D Question #57 Melody is the project manager for her organization. She has created a risk response to conduct more tests on the software her project is creating. The identified risk that prompted this response was that the software is missionïżŸcritical and must be flawless before it can be put into product. What type of a risk response has Melody used in this scenario? ï· A. Transference ï· B. Enhance ï· C. Avoidance ï· D. Mitigation Answer: D Question #58 Which of the following are the roles of a CIO in the Resource management framework? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Standardizes architecture & technology. ï· B. Defines value creation roles within IT. ï· C. Provides IT infrastructure to facilitate knowledge & information creation/sharing. ï· D. Establishes business priorities & allocates resources for IT performance. Answer: ABC Question #59 Elizabeth is a project manager for her organization and she finds risk management to be very difficult for her to manage. She asks you, a lead project manager, at what stage in the project will risk management become easier. What answer best resolves the difficulty of risk management practices and the effort required? ï· A. Risk management only becomes easier the more often it is practiced. ï· B. Risk management only becomes easier when the project is closed. ï· C. Risk management is an iterative process and never becomes easier. ï· D. Risk management only becomes easier when the project moves into project execution. Answer: A https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #60 Which of the following stages of the Forrester's IT Governance Maturity Model describes that the IT governance processes are applied across the enterprise where all business units/entities conform to the same set of IT governance processes, and IT investment decisions are based on the enterprise view? ï· A. Stage 3-Consistent ï· B. Stage 4-Best practices ï· C. Stage 1-Ad hoc ï· D. Stage 2-Fragmented Answer: A Question #61 You are the project manager of the AMD project for your organization. In this project, you are currently performing quantitative risk analysis. The tool and technique you are using is simulation where the project model is computed many times with the input values chosen at random for each iteration. The goal is to create a probability distribution from the iterations for the project schedule. What technique will you use with this simulation? ï· A. Pareto modeling ï· B. Expected Monetary Value ï· C. Monte Carlo Technique ï· D. Analogous modeling Answer: C Question #62 Robert is the business analyst for his organization and he's working with several stakeholders to identify the business need for an opportunity. Robert needs to identify the stakeholder that will be responsible for authorizing the actions needed in order to meet the identified business need. Which stakeholder does Robert need to identify? ï· A. Regulator ï· B. Implementation Subject Matter Expert ï· C. Sponsor ï· D. Customer Answer: C Question #63 Which of the following levels of Gartner's cost optimization framework describes the right kind of partnership with IT vendors, which can benefit each party in times of economic upturns? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Cost Savings within IT ï· B. Joint Business and IT Cost Savings ï· C. IT Procurement ï· D. Enabling Innovation and Business Restructuring Answer: C Question #64 Which conduct stakeholder analysis technique is useful for identifying shared characteristics of a stakeholder group? ï· A. Brainstorming ï· B. Scope modeling ï· C. Interviews ï· D. Surveys Answer: D Question #65 Which of the following are parts of SWOT Analysis? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Optimism ï· B. Threats ï· C. Weaknesses ï· D. Opportunities ï· E. Tools ï· F. Strengths Answer: BCDF Question #66 You are the project manager of the NNN project for your company. You and the project team are working together to plan the risk responses for the project. You feel that the team has successfully completed the risk response planning and now you must initiate what risk process it is. Which of the following risk processes is repeated after the plan risk responses to determine if the overall project risk has been satisfactorily decreased? ï· A. Risk response implementation ï· B. Quantitative risk analysis ï· C. Risk identification ï· D. Qualitative risk analysis Answer: B https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #67 You are the project manager for your company and a new change request has been approved for your project. This change request, however, has introduced several new risks to the project. You have communicated these risk events and the project stakeholders understand the possible effects these risks could have on your project. You elect to create a mitigation response for the identified risk events. Where will you record the mitigation response? ï· A. Risk log ï· B. Risk management plan ï· C. Risk register ï· D. Project management plan Answer: C Question #68 Which positive risk response best describes a teaming agreement? ï· A. Enhance ï· B. Exploit ï· C. Share ï· D. Venture Answer: C Question #69 Your project is an agricultural-based project that deals with plant irrigation systems. You have discovered a byproduct in your project that your organization could use to make a profit youre your organization seizes this opportunity it would be an example of what risk response? ï· A. Exploiting ï· B. Positive ï· C. Opportunistic ï· D. Enhancing Answer: A Question #70 Which document refers to the steps that must be taken if there is a major gap in the projected delivery quality of a service and the actual delivery? ï· A. Service Improvement Plan ï· B. Service Quality Plan ï· C. Business Service Catalogue ï· D. Service Level Agreement https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Question #71 Which of the following responsibilities are performed by the core team of IT governance? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Provide service feedback to providers. ï· B. Undertake core tasks. ï· C. Define plan and deliverables. ï· D. Report on process. Answer: BCD Question #72 Which of the following IT governance frameworks provides governance of IT investments, produced by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI), and is a formal statement of principles and processes for IT portfolio management? ï· A. VMM ï· B. Val IT ï· C. Risk IT ï· D. COBIT Answer: B Question #73 Which of the following roles in Service Design is responsible for delivering a particular service within the agreed service levels and also acts as the counterpart of the Service Level Manager when negotiating OLAs? ï· A. The Service Design Manager ï· B. The Service Level Manager ï· C. The Service Owner ï· D. The Service Catalogue Manager Answer: C Question #74 Harold is the project manager of a large project in his organization. He has been actively communicating and working with the project stakeholders. One of the outputs of the manage stakeholder expectations process can actually create new risk events for Harold's project. Which output of the manage stakeholder expectations process can create risks? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Project management plan updates ï· B. Project document updates ï· C. Change requests ï· D. Organizational process assets updates Answer: C Question #75 Which of the following concepts is the business practice of developing and implementing comprehensive risk management and security practices for a firm's entire value chain? ï· A. TOGAF ï· B. TQM ï· C. BSC ï· D. TSM Answer: D Question #76 Sensitivity analysis is a technique for systematically changing parameters in a model to determine the effects of such changes and is useful for computer modelers for a range of purposes. Which of the following purposes does the sensitivity analysis include? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Decision making or the development of recommendations for decision makers ï· B. Model development ï· C. Estimating the average outcome ï· D. Increased understanding or quantification of the system Answer: ABD Question #77 Beth is an HR Professional for her organization and she's been alerted by management that the company will be outsourcing a large portion of operations. This outsourcing will likely cause several employees to lose employment with the organization. Which of the following is the best course of action that Beth can take in regard to communicating with the employees about the outsourcing change? ï· A. Be honest and truthful and do not hide the facts. ï· B. Refer all ï· C. Document all ï· D. Don't share the details of the outsourcing decision. Answer: A https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #78 Which of the following processes are involved under the COBIT framework? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Managing the IT workforce. ï· B. Correcting all risk issues. ï· C. Conducting IT risk assessments. ï· D. Developing a strategic plan. Answer: ACD Question #79 Which of the following types of IT organizational structures states that all IT resources are centralized under a single reporting structure with centralized resource allocation (staffing), and the organizational structure is built around the resource pools? ï· A. Federated ï· B. Centralized ï· C. Project-based ï· D. Decentralized Answer: C Question #80 Lisa is the project manager of the SQL project for her company. She has completed the risk response planning with her project team and is now ready to update the risk register to reflect the risk response. Which of the following statements best describes the level of detail Lisa should include with the risk responses she has created? ï· A. The level of detail is set by historical information. ï· B. The level of detail should correspond with the priority ranking. ï· C. The level of detail is set of project risk governance. ï· D. The level of detail must define exactly the risk response for each identified risk. Answer: B Question #81 strategic plans with business strategic plans and the alignment of IT services with enterprise operations? ï· A. Risk Management ï· B. IT Governance Framework ï· C. Strategic Alignment ï· D. Value Delivery https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #82 You are the project manager for the ABC organization. Your current project has 75 internal stakeholders and 245 external stakeholders. Many of the risks within your project will only affect the internal stakeholders, but several of the identified risk events will affect the external stakeholders. Management would like to know the total number of communication channels in the project. How many communication channels exist in this project? ï· A. 245 ï· B. 102,080 ï· C. 51,040 ï· D. 320 Answer: C Question #83 Which of the following is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements for effective process improvement and guides process improvement across a project, a division, or an entire organization? ï· A. Capability Maturity Model Integration ï· B. Service Portfolio ï· C. COBIT ï· D. Six Sigma Answer: A Question #84 Amy is the project manager for her company. In her current project the organization has a very low tolerance for risk events that will affect the project schedule. Management has asked Amy to consider the affect of all the risks on the project schedule. What approach can Amy take to create a bias against risks that will affect the schedule of the project? ï· A. She can filter all risks based on their affect on schedule versus other project objectives. ï· B. She can have the project team pad their time estimates to alleviate delays in the project schedule ï· C. She can shift risk-laden activities that affect the project schedule from the critical path as much a possible. ï· D. She can create an overall project rating scheme to reflect the bias towards risks that affect the project schedule. Answer: D Question #85 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Della works as a project manager for SoftTech Inc. She is working with the project stakeholders to begin the quantitative risk analysis process. Which of the following inputs will be needed for the quantitative risk analysis process in her project? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Project scope statement ï· B. Risk management plan ï· C. Cost management plan ï· D. Risk register Answer: BCD Question #86 Which types of project tends to have more well-understood risks? ï· A. First-of-its kind technology projects ï· B. State-of-art technology projects ï· C. Recurrent projects ï· D. Operational work projects Answer: C Question #87 Marsha is the project manager of the NHQ Project. There's a risk that her project team has identified, which could cause the project to be late by more than a month. Marsha does not want this risk event to happen so she devises extra project activities to ensure that the risk event will not happen. The extra steps, however, will cost the project an additional $10,000. What type of risk response is this approach? ï· A. Exploiting ï· B. Transference ï· C. Mitigation ï· D. Enhancing Answer: C Question #88 Which of the following frameworks describes a standard for processes within business information management at the strategy, management and operations level? ï· A. Val IT ï· B. BISL ï· C. COBIT ï· D. TOGAF https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #89 You are the project manager of a large construction project. You are evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project. In which of the following processes are you on? ï· A. Define Scope ï· B. Identify Risks ï· C. Plan Risk Responses ï· D. Plan Risk Management Answer: B Question #90 Which of the following is NOT a valid maturity level of the Software Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? ï· A. Repeatable level ï· B. Managed level ï· C. Defined level ï· D. Fundamental level Answer: D Question #91 A project manager must have certain interpersonal skills to communicate with stakeholders and manage their expectations of the project work. Which of the following interpersonal skills has been identified as one of the biggest reasons for project success or failure? ï· A. Motivation ï· B. Influencing ï· C. Political and cultural awareness ï· D. Communication Answer: D Question #92 TOGAF is based on four pillars, called architecture domains. Which of the following architecture domains provides a blueprint for the individual application systems to be deployed, the interactions between the application systems, and their relationships to the core business processes of the organization with the frameworks for services to be exposed as business functions for integration? ï· A. Business architecture ï· B. Applications architecture ï· C. Technical architecture https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Data architecture Answer: B Question #93 Which of the following external factors complicate the notion of business-IT for achieving strategic alignment? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Resource limitations ï· B. Economic and regulatory changes ï· C. World region changes and events ï· D. Market changes Answer: BCD Question #94 You are hosting a collection of stakeholders from across the organization to identify the ideas and attitudes about your company's help desk. You want the stakeholders to honestly share their opinions about the help desk service so you can identify problems, solutions, and take actions to improve the service. What type of requirements elicitation activity is this? ï· A. Root cause analysis ï· B. Stakeholder analysis ï· C. Focus groups ï· D. Workshop Answer: C Question #95 Which of the following are the main objectives of the Performance measurement domain? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. It satisfies the customer's need. ï· B. It defines value creation roles within IT. ï· C. It meets out the goals. ï· D. It statistically controls the process sequences. Answer: ACD Question #96 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! You work as a project manager for TechSoft Inc. You are working with the project stakeholders on the qualitative risk analysis process in your project. You have used all the tools to the qualitative risk analysis process in your project. Which of the following techniques is NOT used as a tool in qualitative risk analysis process? ï· A. Risk Data Quality Assessment ï· B. Risk Categorization ï· C. Risk Reassessment ï· D. Risk Urgency Assessment Answer: C Question #97 Paul has been asked to complete SWOT analysis for his solution scope. What does SWOT analysis mean? ï· A. Stakeholder Weaknesses, Organizational Threats ï· B. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats ï· C. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Time ï· D. Stakeholders Weaknesses, Organization, Threats Answer: B Volume B Question #1 You work as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. You are about to complete the quantitative risk analysis process for your project. You can use three available tools and techniques to complete this process. Which one of the following is NOT a tool or technique that is appropriate for the quantitative risk analysis process? ï· A. Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques ï· B. Organizational process assets ï· C. Expert judgment ï· D. Data gathering and representation techniques Answer: B Question #2 You work as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. Your project is using a new material to construct a large warehouse in your city. This new material is cheaper than traditional building materials, but it takes some time to learn how to use the material properly. You have communicated to the project stakeholders that you will be able to save costs by using the new material, but you will need a few extra weeks to complete training to use the materials. This risk response of learning how to use the new materials can also be known as what term? ï· A. Cost-benefits analysis ï· B. Benchmarking https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Cost of conformance to quality ï· D. Team development Answer: C Question #3 Which of the following methods offers a number of modeling practices and disciplines that contribute to a successful service-oriented life cycle management and modeling? ï· A. Service-oriented modeling and architecture (SOMA) ï· B. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) ï· C. Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA) ï· D. Service-oriented modeling framework (SOMF) Answer: D Question #4 Which of the following processes involves choosing the alternative strategies, executing a contingency or fallback plan, taking corrective action, and modifying the project management plan? ï· A. Scope Change control ï· B. Monitor and Control risk ï· C. Integrated Change control ï· D. Configuration Management Answer: B Question #5 Which of the following architecture domains for TOGAF describes the structure of an organization's logical and physical data assets and the associated data management resources? ï· A. Applications architecture ï· B. Technical architecture ï· C. Data architecture ï· D. Business architecture Answer: C Question #6 Which volume provides guidance on clarification and prioritization of service-provider investments in services? ï· A. Service Operation ï· B. Service Strategy https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Service Design ï· D. Service Management Answer: B Question #7 Which of the following problems occur with performance measurement systems that limit their usefulness? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. It is dependent on gross aggregates, which tend to understate or ignore distributional contributions and consequences. ï· B. It is dependent on the timely occurrence of corrective action which is required for effective management control. ï· C. It is dependent on historical patterns and reluctant to accept new structural changes that are capable of generating different outcomes ï· D. It is dependent on summary data, which emphasizes averages and discounts outliers. Answer: ACD Question #8 You are the project manager of the NKJ Project for your company. The project's success or failure will have a significant impact on your organization's profitability for the coming year. Management has asked you to identify the risk events and communicate the event's probability and impact as early as possible in the project. Management wants to avoid risk events and needs to analyze the cost-benefits of each risk event in this project. What term is assigned to the low-level of stakeholder tolerance in this project? ï· A. Risk utility function ï· B. Mitigation-ready project management ï· C. Risk-reward mentality ï· D. Risk avoidance Answer: A Question #9 Which of the following techniques is used for understanding the "environment" in which a business operates? ï· A. Critical success factor analysis ï· B. PEST analysis ï· C. SWOT analysis ï· D. Market segmentation Answer: B https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #10 Which of the following process groups is the most efficient at providing resources to the development of the procurement process? ï· A. Acquisition process ï· B. Contract management ï· C. Process management ï· D. Resource management Answer: A Question #11 You are working with your project stakeholders to identify risks within the JKP Project. You want to use an approach to engage the stakeholders to increase the breadth of the identified risks by including internally generated risk. Which risk identification approach is most suited for this goal? ï· A. Brainstorming ï· B. Assumptions analysis ï· C. SWOT analysis ï· D. Delphi Technique Answer: C Question #12 John is the project manager of the NHQ Project for his company. His project has 75 stakeholders, some of which are external to the organization. John needs to make certain that he communicates about risk in the most appropriate method for the external stakeholders. Which project management plan will be the best guide for John to communicate to the external stakeholders? ï· A. Communications Management Plan ï· B. Risk Response Plan ï· C. Project Management Plan ï· D. Risk Management Plan Answer: A Question #13 As seen from the perspective of how the enterprise defines and executes business strategies to achieve its goals and objectives, which of the following elements does the ERM comprise of? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Enhancing risk response decisions ï· B. Providing integrated responses to few risks ï· C. Reducing operational surprises and losses https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Aligning risk appetite and strategy Answer: ACD Question #14 You work as the project manager for BlueWell Inc. You are monitoring the project performance. You want to make a decision to change the project plan to eliminate a risk in order to protect the project objectives. Which of the following strategies will you use to tackle the risk? ï· A. Risk mitigation ï· B. Risk avoidance ï· C. Risk acceptance ï· D. Risk transference Answer: B Question #15 Management wants you to create a visual diagram of what resources will be utilized in the project deliverables. What type of a chart is management asking you to create? ï· A. RACI chart ï· B. Roles and responsibility matrix ï· C. Work breakdown structure ï· D. Resource breakdown structure Answer: D Question #16 You are the project manager of the CUL project in your organization. You and the project team are assessing the risk events and creating a probability and impact matrix for the identified risks. Which one of the following statements best describes the requirements for the data type used in qualitative risk analysis? ï· A. A qualitative risk analysis requires fast and simple data to complete the analysis. ï· B. A qualitative risk analysis required unbiased stakeholders with biased risk tolerances. ï· C. A qualitative risk analysis encourages biased data to reveal risk tolerances. ï· D. A qualitative risk analysis requires accurate and unbiased data if it is to be credible. Answer: D Question #17 Lisa is the project manager of the FKN project for her organization. She is working with Sam, the CIO, to discuss a discount the vendor has offered the project based on the amount of materials that is ordered. Lisa and Sam review the offer and agree that while their project may qualify for the discounted materials the savings is nominal and they https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! would not necessarily pursue the savings. Lisa documents this positive risk response in the risk register. What risk response is this? ï· A. Share ï· B. Acceptance ï· C. Enhance ï· D. Transference Answer: B Question #18 You are the project manager of the GHY Project and would like to perform a review of your project from several different characteristics. You would like to review what worked in the project and what needed improvement. What type of analysis would be most appropriate for the end of project review? ï· A. Feasibility study ï· B. Product breakdown ï· C. Business case study ï· D. SWOT analysis Answer: D Question #19 Which of the following best describes the identification, analysis, and ranking of risks? ï· A. Plan Risk management ï· B. Design of experiments ï· C. Fixed-price contracts ï· D. Fast tracking Answer: A Question #20 There are five inputs to the quantitative risk analysis process. Which one of the following is NOT an input to the perform quantitative risk analysis process? ï· A. Risk management plan ï· B. Risk register ï· C. Enterprise environmental factors ï· D. Cost management plan Answer: C https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #21 Which of the following stages of the Forrester's IT Governance Maturity Model describes that the IT governance processes is fully developed and optimized across the enterprise, and a well-built IT portfolio management process is put to ensure that all IT investment decisions are themselves optimized? ï· A. Stage 2-Fragmented ï· B. Stage 4-Best practices ï· C. Stage 3-Consistent ï· D. Stage 1-Ad hoc Answer: B Question #22 You are the project manager of the NHQ Project for your company. You have completed qualitative and quantitative analysis of your identified project risks and you would now like to find an approach to increase project opportunities and to reduce threats within the project. What project management process would best help you? ï· A. Plan risk responses ï· B. Create a risk governance approach ï· C. Create the project risk register ï· D. Monitor and control project risks Answer: A Question #23 Jane is the project manager of the GBB project for her company. In the current project a vendor has offered the project a ten percent discount based if they will order 100 units for the project. It is possible that the GBB Project may need the 100 units, but the cost of the units is not a top priority for the project. Jane documents the offer and tells the vendor that they will keep the offer in mind and continue with the project as planned. What risk response has been given in this project? ï· A. Acceptance ï· B. Enhance ï· C. Sharing ï· D. Exploiting Answer: A Question #24 Availability Management allows organizations to sustain the IT service availability to support the business at a justifiable cost. Which of the following elements of Availability Management is used to perform at an agreed level over a period of time? Each correct answer represents a part of the solution. Choose all that apply. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Reliability ï· B. Security ï· C. Recoverability ï· D. Serviceability ï· E. Resilience ï· F. Maintainability ï· G. Error control Answer: ABCDEF Question #25 Your project team has identified a project risk that must be responded to. The risk has been recorded in the risk register and the project team has been discussing potential risk responses for the risk event. The event is not likely to happen for several months but the probability of the event is high. Which one of the following is a valid response to the identified risk event? ï· A. Risk audit ï· B. Earned value management ï· C. Corrective action ï· D. Technical performance measurement Answer: C Question #26 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. The _________ provides investment management services to the firm and directs on how to take decisions on fund. Answer: fund manager Question #27 You are the business analyst for the YGT Organization. You have just completed a capabilities gap assessment and have determined that your organization does not have the necessary resources and technology to seize a business opportunity. What is the most likely course of action for the organization? ï· A. Hire contractors to complete the project work. ï· B. Move onto the next opportunity. ï· C. Launch a new project. ï· D. Hire additional resources. Answer: C Question #28 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Stephen is the project manager of the GBB project. He has worked with two subject matter experts and his project team to complete the risk assessment technique. There are approximately 47 risks that have a low probability and a low impact on the project. Which of the following answers best describes what Stephen should do with these risk events? ï· A. The low probability and low impact risks should be added to the risk register. ï· B. Because they are low probability and low impact, the risks can be dismissed. ï· C. Because they are low probability and low impact, Stephen should accept the risks. ï· D. The low probability and low impact risks should be added to a watch list for future monitoring. Answer: D Question #29 Which of the following is a continuous process of comparing performance with desired objectives to identify opportunities for improvement, and is conducted by individuals, groups, or organizations relating to their own work? ï· A. Management Assessment ï· B. Continuous improvement ï· C. Self Assessment ï· D. Control Answer: C Question #30 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. The _______ portion of the issue log records the previous pending issues that have been taken care of. Answer: resolved issues Question #31 In which of the following methods of risk mitigation does the senior management approve the implementation of the controls that are recommended by the risk management team, and that will lower the risk to an acceptable level? ï· A. Risk Avoidance ï· B. Risk Alleviation ï· C. Risk Limitation ï· D. Risk Transference Answer: B https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #32 A project team member has just identified a new project risk. The risk event is determined to have significant impact but a low probability in the project. Should the risk event happen it'll cause the project to be delayed by three weeks, which will cause new risk in the project. What should the project manager do with the risk event? ï· A. Add the identified risk to a quality control management control chart. ï· B. Add the identified risk to the low-level risk watchlist. ï· C. Add the identified risk to the risk register. ï· D. Add the identified risk to the issues log. Answer: C Question #33 Which of the following are the tasks performed by the Management committee in the Resource management framework? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. To work on architectural design ï· B. To define value creation roles within IT ï· C. To balance sustain/growth proposals ï· D. To manage complex projects Answer: ACD Question #34 Which of the following steps are performed in the Planning phase of IT Assurance methodology? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Plan the risk-based assurance initiatives. ï· B. Scope and plan assurance initiatives. ï· C. Perform a quick risk assessment. ï· D. Assess process maturity. Answer: ACD Question #35 Which of the following essential elements of IT Portfolio Investment Management describes the ability to model the IT Portfolio with metrics most appropriate to the business such as ROI, Break- Even, Cost Avoidance, and Revenue Return? ï· A. Integrated Capability ï· B. Portfolio What-If Planning https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Integrated Dashboards and Scorecards ï· D. Highly Configurable Answer: D Question #36 ï· A. Strategic Alignment ï· B. Risk Management ï· C. Value Delivery ï· D. IT Governance Framework Answer: D Question #37 Which of the following frameworks is for enterprise architecture, and provides a comprehensive approach to the design, planning, implementation, and governance of an enterprise information architecture? ï· A. TOGAF ï· B. Val IT ï· C. BISL ï· D. COBIT Answer: A Question #38 Service Transition contains detailed descriptions of which of the following processes? ï· A. Change Management, Capacity Management, Event Management, and Service Request Management ï· B. Service Level Management, Service Portfolio Management, Service Asset and Configuration Management ï· C. Service Asset and Configuration Management, Release Management, and Request Fulfillment ï· D. Change Management, Service Asset and Configuration Management, Release and Answer: D Question #39 Which of the following processes is responsible for controlling, recording and reporting on versions, attributes, and relationships relating to components of the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure? ï· A. Service Catalogue Management ï· B. Service Level Management ï· C. ICT Operations Management https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Service Asset and Configuration Management Answer: D Question #40 You are the project manager of the GHG project for your company. You have identified the project risks, completed qualitative and quantitative analysis, and created risk responses. You also need to document how and when risk audits will be performed in the project. Where will you define the frequency of risk audits? ï· A. Schedule management plan ï· B. Risk management plan ï· C. Quality management plan ï· D. Risk response plan Answer: B Question #41 What stakeholder(s) must participate in the document elicitation result? ï· A. Business analyst and the key stakeholders ï· B. Business analyst and the business owner ï· C. Business analyst, business analysis team, and the key stakeholders ï· D. Business analyst Answer: D Question #42 You are the HR Professional for your organization and you're working with the management to define the role of contractors versus employees in your organization. According to the Internal Revenue Service, there are three categories of control that help determine whether a person is a contractor or an employee. Which one of the following is not one of the three levels of control as defined by the IRS for employee versus contractor? ï· A. Type of relationship ï· B. Locale of work performed ï· C. Behavioral control ï· D. Financial control Answer: B Question #43 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Holly and Gary are HR Professionals in their organization and they're working to develop the strategic plan for their organization. Holly and Gary are using SWOT analysis to help understand the needs of human, financial, technological, capital, and other aspects of their organization. What is SWOT? ï· A. SWOT is an analysis to define the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats an organization may face. ï· B. SWOT is an analysis to define the schedule, weaknesses, opportunities, and timetable of a project endeavor. ï· C. SWOT is an analysis to define the strengths, weaknesses, openness, and timeliness of an organization. ï· D. SWOT is an analysis to define the seriousness, weaknesses, openness, and timetable of organization development. Answer: A Question #44 DRAG DROP - COBIT stands for Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology. COBIT is a set of best practices (framework) for information technology (IT) management created by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), and the IT Governance Institute (ITGI) in 1996. Drag and drop the correct domain ('Monitor and Evaluate') next to the IT processes defined by COBIT to support CSI. Select and Place: Answer: https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #45 What is the key output handed over to Service Transition within Service Design? ï· A. Business Perspective ï· B. Service Portfolio Management ï· C. ITIL Small-Scale Implementation ï· D. Service Design Package Answer: D Question #46 Which of the following processes are covered by Service Strategy? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Service Portfolio Management ï· B. IT Financial Management ï· C. Demand Management ï· D. IT Architecture Management ï· E. Supplier Management Answer: ABCE Question #47 Which of the following terms related to risk management represents the estimated frequency at which a threat is expected to occur? ï· A. Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) ï· B. Exposure Factor (EF) ï· C. Annualized Rate of Occurrence (ARO) ï· D. Safeguard Answer: C Question #48 Which of the following concepts is used to reduce the errors produced during the manufacturing or service process, increase customer satisfaction, streamline supply chain management, aims for modernization of equipment and ensures workers have the highest level of training? ï· A. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) ï· B. Six Sigma ï· C. Total Quality Management ï· D. Total Security Management https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #49 Enterprise analysis provides many things for an organization. All of the following are tasks included in enterprise analysis except for which one? ï· A. Solution performance assessment ï· B. Define business need ï· C. Determine solution approach ï· D. Assess capability gaps Answer: A Question #50 Billy is the project manager of the HAR Project and is in month six of the project. The project is scheduled to last for 18 months. Management asks Billy how often the project team is participating in risk reassessment in this project. What should Billy tell management if he's following the best practices for risk management? ï· A. Project risk management happens at every milestone. ï· B. Project risk management has been concluded with the project planning. ï· C. At every status meeting the project team project risk management is an agenda item. ï· D. Project risk management is scheduled for every month in the 18-month project. Answer: C Question #51 What business analysis element tries to identify as many potential options as possible to meet the business objectives and fill identified gaps in capabilities? ï· A. Decision analysis ï· B. Alternative generation ï· C. Documentation of assumptions and constraints ï· D. Ranking of approaches Answer: B Question #52 Service Level Management provides for continual identification, monitoring and review of the levels of IT services specified in the service level agreements (SLAs). What are the responsibilities of Service Level Management? Each correct answer represents a part of the solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Producing and maintaining a Service Catalog. ï· B. Liaising with Availability Management. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Ensuring that the agreed IT services are delivered. ï· D. Ensuring the primary functions of the Service Desk. ï· E. Ensuring that appropriate IT Service Continuity plans have been made. Answer: ABCE Question #53 You are the project manager of a computer upgrade project. You and the vendor are in dispute over the deliverables the vendor was to provide and configure. What document can best describe how you and the vendor are to proceed if there is a claim against the vendor? ï· A. Procurement management plan ï· B. Project cost management plan ï· C. Enterprise environmental factors ï· D. Contract Answer: D Question #54 Which of the following is a way of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcome that customers wish to get without the control of specific costs and risks? ï· A. Processes ï· B. Service Desk ï· C. Functions ï· D. Service Answer: D Question #55 Which of the following objectives can be the best coordinated with the Human resource management? ï· A. Increasing the automation of the business processes ï· B. Satisfying the business needs ï· C. Rewarding employee fairly ï· D. Focusing on the business improvements Answer: B Question #56 Which of the following steps are performed in the Scoping phase of IT Assurance methodology? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Customize control objectives. ï· B. Scope and plan assurance initiatives. ï· C. Select the control objectives for critical processes. ï· D. Assess process maturity. Answer: ABC Question #57 Which of the following frameworks describes an enterprise view of all project management activities and how these activities contribute to the success of the organization? ï· A. Casualty Actuarial Society framework ï· B. COSO ERM ï· C. Enterprise project management (EPM) ï· D. COBIT Answer: C Question #58 Which of the following planned and purposeful management processes are required by Strategic Alignment? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Clarifying the role that IT should play ï· B. Aligning IT strategy with the business strategy ï· C. Evaluating, post implementation, benefits delivered by IT ï· D. Creating and sustaining awareness of the strategic role of IT at a top management level Answer: ACD Question #59 Which of the following terms includes performance objectives and criteria (POCs), performance indicators, and any other means that evaluate the success in achieving a specified goal? ï· A. Precision ï· B. Performance Measurement System ï· C. Performance Measure ï· D. Performance Measurement Category Answer: C Question #60 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! For the entire IT organizations to be agile, all members of the IT organizations need to understand the need for agility and be committed to this process. Which of the following working principles or activity loops are involved for the IT organizations to be agile? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Loop 2 ï· B. Loop 4 ï· C. Loop3 ï· D. Loop 1 Answer: ACD Question #61 You are interviewing members of a project team to test their understanding of the assigned risk responses as risk owners. You and the project manager are working together to evaluate the risk responses to determine their effectiveness in the project. What project management technique are you performing with the project manager in this scenario? ï· A. Risk identification with the project team ï· B. Risk audits ï· C. Risk analysis ï· D. Stakeholder analysis as the project team is a stakeholder Answer: B Question #62 Which of the following domains of COBIT addresses the development of a maintenance plan that a company should adopt in order to prolong the life of an IT system and its components? ï· A. Plan and Organize ï· B. Acquire and Implement ï· C. Deliver and Support ï· D. Monitor and Evaluate Answer: B Question #63 Which of the following frameworks defines ERM as the discipline by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances, and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organization's short- and long-term value to its stakeholders? ï· A. COSO ERM framework ï· B. COBIT ï· C. Val IT https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Casualty Actuarial Society framework Answer: D Question #64 Ned is the project manager of the HNN project for your company. Ned has asked you to help him complete some probability distributions for his project. What portion of the project will you most likely use for probability distributions? ï· A. Uncertainty in values such as duration of schedule activities ï· B. Risk probability and impact matrixes ï· C. Bias towards risk in new resources ï· D. Risk identification Answer: A Question #65 Walter is the project manager of a large construction project. He'll be working with several vendors on the project. Vendors will be providing materials and labor for several parts of the project. Some of the works in the project are very dangerous so Walter has implemented safety requirements for all of the vendors and his own project team. Stakeholders for the project have added new requirements, which have caused new risks in the project. A vendor has identified a new risk that could affect the project if it comes into fruition. Walter agrees with the vendor and has updated the risk register and created potential risk responses to mitigate the risk. What should Walter also update in this scenario considering the risk event? ï· A. Project contractual relationship with the vendor ï· B. Project communications plan ï· C. Project scope statement ï· D. Project management plan Answer: D Question #66 You are the project manager of the NGQQ Project for your company. To help you communicate project status to your stakeholders, you are going to create a stakeholder register. All of the following information should be included in the stakeholder register except for which one? ï· A. Stakeholder management strategy ï· B. Assessment information of the stakeholders' major requirements, expectations, and potential influence ï· C. Stakeholder classification of their role in the project ï· D. Identification information for each stakeholder https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Question #67 Which of the following stages of the Forrester's IT Governance Maturity Model states that there are no proper IT governance processes, and it is not documented by management as a requirement? ï· A. Stage 3-Consistent ï· B. Stage 2-Fragmented ï· C. Stage 1-Ad hoc ï· D. Stage 4-Best practices Answer: C Question #68 Event Management, Problem Management, Access Management, and Request Fulfillment are part of which of the following stages of the Service Lifecycle? ï· A. Service Strategy ï· B. Service Transition ï· C. Continual Service Improvement ï· D. Service Operation Answer: D Question #69 You work as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. You have to communicate the causes of risk events to the stakeholders. Which risk diagramming technique you will use to communicate the causes of risk events to project stakeholders? ï· A. Project network diagrams ï· B. Ishikawa diagrams ï· C. Process flow charts ï· D. Influence diagrams Answer: B Question #70 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. _______are activities that are dangerous to complete and manage such as construction, electrical work, or manufacturing. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: Pure risks Question #71 What project management plan is most likely to direct the quantitative risk analysis process for a project in a matrix environment? ï· A. Risk management plan ï· B. Staffing management plan ï· C. Risk analysis plan ï· D. Human resource management plan Answer: A Question #72 The water sanitation project manager has determined that risks associated with handling certain chemicals are too high. He has therefore decided to allow someone else to complete this portion of the project by outsourcing the handling and installation of the chemicals and filter equipment to an experienced contractor. This is an example of which of the following? ï· A. Transference ï· B. Acceptance ï· C. Mitigation ï· D. Avoidance Answer: A Question #73 Which of the following outsourcing defines the performance objectives reached by negotiation between the user and the provider of a service, or between an outsourcer and an organization? ï· A. Service level Agreement (SLA) ï· B. Proposal ï· C. Contract ï· D. Outsource Answer: A Question #74 Which of the following essential elements of IT Portfolio Investment Management seamlessly initiates the projects, and incorporates the asset and software development costs to improve the accuracy of ongoing portfolio assessment and project prioritization? ï· A. Portfolio Management https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. Portfolio What-If Planning ï· C. Integrated Capability ï· D. Portfolio Planning Analysis Answer: C Question #75 Shawn is the project manager of the WHT Project for his company. In this project Shawn's team reports that they have found a way to complete the project work for less cost than what was originally planned. The project team presents a new software that will help to automate the project work. While the software and the associated training costs $25,000 it will save the project nearly $65,000 in total costs. Shawn agrees to the software and changes to the project management plan accordingly. What type of risk response has been used in this instance? ï· A. Enhancing ï· B. Accepting ï· C. Avoidance ï· D. Exploiting Answer: D Question #76 Which of the following sub-processes of Capacity Management is concerned with the management of the individual components of the IT Infrastructure? ï· A. Capacity Management Reporting ï· B. Business Capacity Management ï· C. Service Capacity Management ï· D. Resource Capacity Management Answer: D Question #77 You work as the project manager for Bluewell Inc. You are working on NGQQ Project for your company. You have completed the risk analysis processes for the risk events. You and the project team have created risk responses for most of the identified project risks. Which of the following risk response planning techniques will you use to shift the impact of a threat to a third party, together with the responses? ï· A. Risk transference ï· B. Risk avoidance ï· C. Risk acceptance ï· D. Risk mitigation https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Question #78 Which of the following are the advantages of IT Resource Management? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. It develops the IT service quality and effectiveness. ï· B. It reduces the IT project complexity. ï· C. It reduces the enterprise risks. ï· D. It provides customer organization to construct the Request for Proposal (RFP). Answer: ABC Question #79 Which of the following domains of COBIT covers the use of information & technology, and how best it can be used in a company to help achieve the company's goals and objectives? ï· A. Deliver and Support ï· B. Acquire and Implement ï· C. Plan and Organize ï· D. Monitor and Evaluate Answer: C Question #80 Fred is the project manager of a large project in his organization. Fred needs to begin planning the risk management plan with the project team and key stakeholders. Which plan risk management process tool and technique should Fred use to plan risk management? ï· A. Planning meetings and analysis ï· B. Variance and trend analysis ï· C. Data gathering and representation techniques ï· D. Information gathering techniques Answer: A Question #81 DRAG DROP - Drag and drop the various SSE-CMM levels at the appropriate places. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Select and Place: Answer: Question #82 You are the project manager of a large construction project. Part of the project involves the wiring of the electricity in the building your project is creating. You and the project team determine the electrical work is too dangerous to perform yourself so you hire an electrician to perform the work for the project. This is an example of what type of risk response? ï· A. Avoidance ï· B. Mitigation ï· C. Transference ï· D. Acceptance Answer: C Question #83 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Gary is the project manager of the MMQ project for his company. He is working with his project team to plan the risk responses for his project. Sarah, a project team member, does not understand the process that Gary is using to plan the risk responses. Which approach is the preferred method to address project risks and the risk responses? ï· A. Risks in the project should be addressed by their probability for creating risk responses. ï· B. Risks in the project should be addressed by the organization's risk tolerance for creating risk responses. ï· C. Risks in the project should be addressed by their priority for creating risk responses. ï· D. Risks in the project should be addressed by their impact for creating risk responses. Answer: C Question #84 Which of the following are the main benefits of using Information Services Procurement Library (ISPL)? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. The contract can be used as a control instrument. ï· B. The customer can take advantage of the competitive market. ï· C. The proposals of consumers become comparable. ï· D. The use of a strategy that really fits the situation. Answer: ABD Question #85 During qualitative risk analysis you want to define the risk urgency assessment. All of the following are indicators of risk priority except for which one? ï· A. Risk rating ï· B. Warning signs ï· C. Cost of the project ï· D. Symptoms Answer: C Question #86 What does the T in SWOT analysis mean? ï· A. Time ï· B. Trial ï· C. Threats ï· D. Test https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #87 Which of the following components work to support achievements of the enterprise's mission, strategies, and related business objectives in an internal control system? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Control activities ï· B. Control environment ï· C. Strategic alignment ï· D. Risk assessment Answer: ABD Question #88 Which of the following are the objectives of Service Level Management (SLM)? 1. To negotiate SLAs with the customers and to design services in accordance with the agreed service level targets. 2. Defining, documenting, and agreeing the level of IT Services to be provided. 3. Identifying possible future markets that the Service Provider could operate in. 4. Monitoring, measuring, and reporting the actual level of services provided. 5. Monitoring and improving customer satisfaction. ï· A. 1, 2, and 3 only ï· B. 1, 2, 4, and 5 only ï· C. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ï· D. 1, 2, 3, and 5 only ï· E. 1 and 2 only Answer: B Question #89 Where can a project manager find risk-rating rules? ï· A. Risk management plan ï· B. Enterprise environmental factors ï· C. Risk probability and impact matrix ï· D. Organizational process assets Answer: D Question #90 Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a logical process used by programmers to develop software. Which of the following SDLC phases meets the audit objectives defined below? System and data are validated. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! System meets all user requirements. System meets all control requirements. ï· A. Evaluation and acceptance ï· B. Programming and training ï· C. Initiation ï· D. Definition Answer: A Question #91 Ben is the project manager of the CMH Project for his organization. He has identified a risk that has a low probability of happening, but the impact of the risk event could save the project and the organization with a significant amount of capital. Ben assigns Laura to the risk event and instructs her to research the time, cost, and method to improve the probability of the positive risk event. Ben then communicates the risk event and response to management. What risk response has been used here? ï· A. Enhance ï· B. Transference ï· C. Sharing ï· D. Exploit Answer: A Question #92 You are the project manager for ABC project. You are planning for when and how human resource requirements will be met. You are working on ____. ï· A. Scope management plan ï· B. Project organization chart ï· C. Staffing management plan ï· D. Resource calendar Answer: C Question #93 Jeff works as a project manager for BlueWell Inc. He is determining which risks can affect the project. Which of the following are the inputs to the identify risks process that Jeff will use to accomplish the task? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Risk management plan ï· B. Activity cost estimates ï· C. Scope baseline https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Risk register Answer: ABC Question #94 Which of the following types of agreement creates a confidential relationship between the parties to protect any type of confidential and proprietary information or a trade secret? ï· A. CNC ï· B. NDA ï· C. SLA ï· D. Non-price competition Answer: B Question #95 Gary is the project manager for his organization. He is working with the project stakeholders on the project requirements and how risks may affect their project. One of the stakeholders is confused about what constitutes risks in the project. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a project risk? ï· A. It is an unknown event that can affect the project scope. ï· B. It is an uncertain event that can affect at least one project objective. ï· C. It is an uncertain event that can affect the project costs. ï· D. It is an uncertain event or condition within the project execution. Answer: B Question #96 Which of the following roles is used to ensure that the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the services are maintained to the levels approved on the Service Level Agreement (SLA)? ï· A. The Service Level Manager ï· B. The Configuration Manager ï· C. The IT Security Manager ï· D. The Change Manager Answer: C https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #97 Which of the following are commonly used terms when discussing service improvement outcomes? 1) Improvements 2) Benefits 3) Return On Investment (ROI) 4) Value On Investment(VOI) 5) Resources ï· A. 2, 3, and 5 only ï· B. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only ï· C. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only ï· D. 1, 2, and 4 only ï· E. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Answer: C Question #98 Which of the following processes contained in the Portfolio Management domain of Val IT identifies resource requirements? ï· A. PM5 ï· B. PM3 ï· C. PM2 ï· D. PM4 Answer: C Volume C Question #1 Which of the following processes contained in the Portfolio Management domain of Val IT establishes an investment threshold? ï· A. PM4 ï· B. PM7 ï· C. PM6 ï· D. PM5 Answer: C Question #2 Which of the following ISO standards defines the corporate governance of IT? ï· A. ISO 9000 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. ISO 27001 ï· C. ISO 20000 ï· D. ISO 38500 Answer: D Question #3 Which of the following concepts aims to limit errors to 1 per million units produced? ï· A. TQM ï· B. BSC ï· C. Six Sigma ï· D. TSM Answer: A Question #4 Which of the following processes contained in the Value Governance domain of Val IT establishes the organizational structures? ï· A. VG7 ï· B. VG9 ï· C. VG6 ï· D. VG8 Answer: A Question #5 Which of the following activity loops describes improvement of the existing processes? ï· A. Loop 3 ï· B. Loop 4 ï· C. Loop 1 ï· D. Loop 2 Answer: D Question #6 Which of the following strategies includes marketing strategies, new product development strategies, HR strategies and, financial strategies? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Operational strategy ï· B. Corporate strategy ï· C. Business strategy ï· D. Functional strategy Answer: D Question #7 Which of the following phases in SDLC transforms the detailed requirements into complete, detailed system design document? ï· A. Planning ï· B. Design ï· C. Development ï· D. Initiation Answer: B Question #8 Which of the following phases in SDLC provides the basis for acquiring the resources needed to achieve a solution? ï· A. Design ï· B. Planning ï· C. Development ï· D. Initiation Answer: B Question #9 Which of the following phases of IT lifecycle occurs during the concept and idea stages of basic research? ï· A. IT asset phase ï· B. IT discovery phase ï· C. IT process phase ï· D. IT project phase Answer: B Question #10 Which of the following steps of development of business case describes the financial benefits analysis? ï· A. Step 1 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. Step 3 ï· C. Step 2 ï· D. Step 4 Answer: B Question #11 Which of the following is a practice of forecasting possible risks to the organization and taking steps to mitigate their impact on operations? ï· A. Timekeeping ï· B. Enterprise risk management ï· C. Applicant tracking systems ï· D. HR audit Answer: B Question #12 Which of the following risk functions directs the Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 and 404 assessments? ï· A. Operations management ï· B. Accounting / Financial compliance ï· C. Operational Quality Assurance ï· D. Compliance & Ethics Answer: B Question #13 Which of the following project management plans defines the risk identification, analysis, response, and monitoring strategies? ï· A. Communications Management Plan ï· B. Resource Management Plan ï· C. Risk Management Plan ï· D. Stakeholder management strategy Answer: C Question #14 Which of the following functions of HR department is liable for policy creation, policy communication, record creation, and HR information systems? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Compensation and benefit ï· B. Personnel policy ï· C. Analysis and design for work ï· D. Support for strategy Answer: B Question #15 Which of the following resource categories includes costs, productivity, availability, and change and configuration management? ï· A. Products ï· B. Processes ï· C. People ï· D. Partners Answer: B Question #16 What is the formula for measuring the "usage gap"? ï· A. Usage gap = market potential - existing usage ï· B. Usage gap = market potential * existing usage ï· C. Usage gap = market potential / existing usage ï· D. Usage gap = market potential + existing usage Answer: A Question #17 Which of the following individuals/team advises on infrastructure needs and architectural design? ï· A. Management committee ï· B. CEO ï· C. CIO ï· D. IT Strategy Committee Answer: A Question #18 In which of the following types of biases does the data collection itself interfere with the process it is measuring? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Interaction ï· B. Nonresponse ï· C. Perception ï· D. Operational Answer: A Question #19 Which of the following categories describes the value added by the process divided by the value of the labor and capital consumed? ï· A. Quality ï· B. Timeliness ï· C. Quantity ï· D. Productivity Answer: D Question #20 Which of the following processes uses statistical evidences to determine progress toward specific defined organizational objectives? ï· A. Resource management ï· B. Risk management ï· C. Value delivery ï· D. Performance measurement Answer: D Question #21 Which of the following has the tendency or inclination of outlook that is a troublesome source of error in human sensing? ï· A. Defect ï· B. Bias (of measurement) ï· C. Vulnerability ï· D. Risk Answer: B Question #22 Which of the following areas tracks the project delivery, and monitors the IT services? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Risk management ï· B. Performance measurement ï· C. Strategic alignment ï· D. Value delivery Answer: B Question #23 Which of the following individuals ensures that IT complies with policy, laws and regulations? ï· A. Project sponsor ï· B. Compliance officer ï· C. Supplier ï· D. Business partner Answer: B Question #24 Which of the following IT processes contained in the Deliver and Support domain of COBIT manages the operations? ï· A. DS10 ï· B. DS13 ï· C. DS9 ï· D. DS8 Answer: B Question #25 Which of the following individuals supports and contributes to customer's governance approach? ï· A. User representatives ï· B. Supplier/Business partners ï· C. Compliance officers ï· D. Project sponsors Answer: B Question #26 Which of the following techniques builds various plausible views of possible futures for a business? ï· A. PEST analysis https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. Scenario Planning ï· C. SWOT Analysis ï· D. Market Segmentation Answer: B Question #27 Which of the following areas focuses on aligning with the business and collaborative solutions? ï· A. Risk management ï· B. Strategic alignment ï· C. Resource management ï· D. Value delivery Answer: B Question #28 Which of the following techniques seeks to identify the similarities and differences between the groups of customers or users? ï· A. Market Segmentation ï· B. PEST Analysis ï· C. SWOT Analysis ï· D. Scenario Planning Answer: A Question #29 Which of the following areas concentrates on optimizing expenses, and providing the value of IT? ï· A. Value delivery ï· B. Risk management ï· C. Resource management ï· D. Strategic alignment Answer: A Question #30 Which of the following is used as a tool that assists in risk identification? ï· A. Performance report ï· B. Status report https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Variance analysis ï· D. Issue log Answer: D Question #31 Which of the following is the amount of risk an enterprise is willing to except in pursuit of its mission? ï· A. Threats ï· B. Vulnerability ï· C. Risk Appetite ï· D. Inherent Risk Answer: C Question #32 Which of the following risks refers to the risk associated with an event in the absence of specific controls? ï· A. Financial reporting risk ï· B. Inherent risk ï· C. Operational risk ï· D. Compliance risk Answer: B Question #33 Which of the following types of risks includes liability torts, property damage, natural catastrophe and financial risk? ï· A. Asset risk ï· B. Hazard risk ï· C. Operational risk ï· D. Strategic risk Answer: B Question #34 Which of the following areas addresses the safeguarding of IT assets, disaster recovery and continuity of operations? ï· A. Performance measurement ï· B. Risk management ï· C. Value delivery https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Strategic alignment Answer: B Question #35 Which of the following individuals/team allocates business resources for effective IT governance? ï· A. Business Executive ï· B. CEO ï· C. CIO ï· D. IT Strategy Committee Answer: A Question #36 Which of the following resource categories includes skill sets, certifications, productivity, and morale? ï· A. Partners ï· B. Processes ï· C. People ï· D. Products Answer: C Question #37 Which of the following attributes are the COBIT's generic maturity model attributes? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Policies, plans and procedures ï· B. Tools and automation ï· C. Awareness and communication ï· D. Availability and accessibility Answer: ABC Question #38 Which of the following systems come under the category of linking systems to connect an enterprise with its customers and supplier? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Website and portal ï· B. Electronic data interchange (EDI)/extensible markup language (XML) data transfer systems https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Office productivity ï· D. E-mail, smartphone, instant messaging Answer: ABD Question #39 Which of the following steps of IT governance program establishes a balanced scorecard mechanism for measuring current performance that are related to the IT governance focus areas? ï· A. Define target areas ï· B. Develop improvement strategies ï· C. Understand and define the risks ï· D. Measure results Answer: D Question #40 objectives? ï· A. Strategic Alignment ï· B. Performance management ï· C. Value Delivery ï· D. Risk Management Answer: A Question #41 Which of the following steps of IT governance program decides on the highest priority projects that will help to improve the management and governance of the significant gap areas? ï· A. Define target areas ï· B. Develop improvement strategies ï· C. Measure results ï· D. Understand and define the risks Answer: B Question #42 In which of the following components of the COSO ERM are the policies and procedures established and implemented to help ensure that the risk responses are effectively carried out? ï· A. Control activity https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. Risk assessment ï· C. Risk response ï· D. Event identification Answer: A Question #43 Which of the following factors influence the operating environment of an enterprise? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Mission, vision and values of an enterprise ï· B. Outcome measures ï· C. Stakeholders values ï· D. Industry practices Answer: ACD Question #44 You are using the IT BSC management tool to apply the practices of IT BSC to the IT function. You want to perform the following functions: ⥠Deliver value ⥠Manage cost âĄManage risks âĄAchieve intercompany synergies Which process of the IT BSC Measurement tool will you use? ï· A. Future Orientation ï· B. Operational excellence ï· C. Corporate contribution ï· D. Customer Orientation Answer: C Question #45 Which of the following types of benefits are provided by the new IT-driven initiative for IT investment program? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Cost avoidance benefit ï· B. Direct benefit ï· C. Indirect benefit ï· D. Incremental benefit https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: ABD Question #46 Which of the following components of COSO ERM framework encompasses the nature of an enterprise, and sets the basis for how risk is viewed and addressed by an organization people, including risk management philosophy and risk appetite, integrity and ethical values, and the environment in which it operates? ï· A. Risk response ï· B. Risk assessment ï· C. Control activity ï· D. Internal environment Answer: D Question #47 Which of the following are the categories of IT-related spending or investments defined by the META group? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Grow the business ï· B. Strategic investment ï· C. Transform the business ï· D. Run the business Answer: ACD Question #48 Which of the following quadrant analysis identifies the key issues of cost containment, predictability or reliability, continual unit cost improvement, and benchmarking for justification? ï· A. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market leader (risk-taker/high growth) ï· B. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market leader (risktaker/high growth) ï· C. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market followers (risk-averse/mature) ï· D. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market followers (riskaverse/mature) Answer: C Question #49 Which of the following functions are performed by the Future Orientation measure of the IT BSC management tool? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. It focuses on professional learning and development. ï· B. It attracts and retains people with key competencies. ï· C. It manages operational service performance. ï· D. It measures and rewards individual and team performance. Answer: ABD Question #50 Which of the following are the process control objectives for the process controls embedment? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Process ownership ï· B. Process goals and objectives ï· C. Process repeatability ï· D. Process availability Answer: ABC Question #51 Which of the following guides provides risk and value statements to help identify and validate the need to execute each control objective? ï· A. IT assurance guide ï· B. IT control objectives for Basel II guide ï· C. COBIT control practices guide ï· D. IT control for Sarbanes Oxley guide Answer: C Question #52 Which of the following quadrant analysis identifies the key issues of anticipation of business needs, service levels over cost, and business enablement and facilitation (removal of obstacles)? ï· A. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market followers (riskaverse/mature) ï· B. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market leader (risk-taker/high growth) ï· C. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market followers (risk-averse/mature) ï· D. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market leader (risktaker/high growth) Answer: B Question #53 Which of the following components of the COSO ERM identifies the required information, captures it, and communicates it in a form and time frame that enable people to carry out their responsibilities? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Information and communication ï· B. Internal environment ï· C. Monitoring ï· D. Objectives setting Answer: A Question #54 Which of the following statements explains the difference between the IT strategy committee and the IT steering committee? ï· A. The IT strategy committee assists the executive in the delivery of the IT strategy, whereas the IT steering committee advises the board and management on IT strategy. ï· B. The IT strategy committee focuses on implementation, whereas the IT steering committee focuses on the current and future strategic IT issues. ï· C. The IT strategy committee aligns and approves the IT architecture, whereas the IT steering committee monitors the resource and priority conflicts. ï· D. The IT strategy committee provides direction to management relative to IT strategy, whereas the IT steering committee monitors the resource and priority Answer: D Question #55 Which of the following guides provides guidance on how COBIT is useful in supporting a variety of assurance tasks, along with the recommended testing steps that are aligned with the control practices? ï· A. COBIT control practices guide ï· B. IT control for Sarbanes Oxley guide ï· C. IT assurance guide ï· D. IT control objectives for Basel II guide Answer: C Question #56 Which of the following examples are included in the general controls embedded in IT processes and services? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Completeness ï· B. Change management ï· C. Systems development ï· D. Accuracy https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: BC Question #57 Fill in the blank with an appropriate phrase. The ________ creates and delivers momentum in gaining executive support, and provides help to set up messaging that is constantly conveyed to motivate the team, and gives information to the stakeholders. Answer: communication plan Question #58 Which of the following objectives are used by the system to decrease costs or revenues? ï· A. Increasing production rates ï· B. Decreasing production and operating costs ï· C. Improving product quality ï· D. Creating new distribution channels Answer: ABC Question #59 Which of the following objectives are used by the system to increase costs or revenues? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Erecting barriers to entry by competitors ï· B. Increasing production rates ï· C. Improving product quality ï· D. Creating new distribution channels Answer: AD Question #60 The testing methods help in shaping opinion against assurance objectives by combining one or more of the test types. Which of the following are the test types used in this process? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Observe ï· B. Inspect ï· C. Plan ï· D. Inquire Answer: ABD https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #61 Which of the following strategic issues in the IFAC report highlight the underlying success and failure of enterprises? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Ability to provide service feedback to providers ï· B. Strategy execution ï· C. Ability to undertake successful mergers and acquisitions ï· D. Clarity of strategy Answer: BCD Question #62 Which of the following guides emphasizes on the fundamental steps for implementing information security within the enterprise, and provides easy to follow guidance for addressing security aspects of IT governance? ï· A. COBIT security baseline guide ï· B. COBIT control practices guide ï· C. IT assurance guide ï· D. IT control for Sarbanes Oxley guide Answer: A Question #63 Which of the following quadrant analysis identifies the key issues of working well with other functions, IT value realization over time rather than-just cost, and being business process- focused but solution driven? ï· A. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market leader (risk-taker/high growth) ï· B. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market leader (risktaker/high growth) ï· C. High level role (strategic/transformational) and business market followers (riskaverse/mature) ï· D. Low level role (tactical/utility) and business market followers (risk-averse/mature) Answer: C Question #64 Which of the following examples are included in the application controls embedded in business process applications? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. ï· A. Segregation of duties ï· B. Validity ï· C. Security ï· D. Computer operations https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: AB Question #65 Which of the following individuals provides the funding, and want to see the return on their investment and strategic alignment with their strategic objectives? ï· A. Compliance officers ï· B. Internal auditors ï· C. Business partners ï· D. Product suppliers Answer: C Question #66 Which of the following processes contained in the Value Governance domain of Val IT defines information requirements? ï· A. VG6 ï· B. VG4 ï· C. VG5 ï· D. VG3 Answer: C Question #67 Which of the following is a family of ISO standards for Total Quality Management (TQM)? ï· A. ISO 20000 ï· B. ISO 9000 ï· C. ISO 38500 ï· D. ISO 27001 Answer: B Question #68 Which of the following processes contained in the Portfolio Management domain of Val IT creates an overall portfolio view? ï· A. PM8 ï· B. PM7 ï· C. PM9 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. PM10 Answer: C Question #69 Which of the following individuals provides service feedback to the providers? ï· A. Compliance officers ï· B. User representatives ï· C. Project sponsors ï· D. Suppliers Answer: B Question #70 Which of the following is a non repetitive set of tasks that lead to the achievement of a new objective? ï· A. Plan ï· B. Strategy ï· C. Techniques ï· D. Tactics Answer: A Question #71 Which of the following activity loops emphasizes on monitoring and deciding processes? ï· A. Loop 2 ï· B. Loop 4 ï· C. Loop 3 ï· D. Loop 1 Answer: D Question #72 Which of the following activity loops describes creation of new processes? ï· A. Loop 3 ï· B. Loop 2 ï· C. Loop 4 ï· D. Loop 1 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Question #73 In which of the following editions of COBIT was "Management Guidelines" added? ï· A. The third edition ï· B. The first edition ï· C. The fourth edition ï· D. The second edition Answer: D Question #74 Which of the following service delivery processes includes controls, document and record, as its sub processes? ï· A. Service level management ï· B. Service reporting ï· C. Information security management ï· D. Capacity management Answer: C Question #75 Which of the following phases of IT lifecycle is governed by a series of stages and gates for managing the lifecycle of projects? ï· A. IT project phase ï· B. IT process phase ï· C. IT asset phase ï· D. IT discovery phase Answer: A Question #76 Which of the following service delivery processes has the goal to produce, agreed on, timely, reliable, and accurate reports for the effective communication? ï· A. Service level management ï· B. Service reporting ï· C. Information security management ï· D. Capacity management https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #77 What is the major goal of risk management in the decision-making process? ï· A. To manage the clients ï· B. To manage the time ï· C. To manage the resources ï· D. To manage the uncertainty Answer: D Question #78 Which of the following types of risks includes currency risk, liquidity risk, and technology obsolescence? ï· A. Asset risk ï· B. Operational risk ï· C. Hazard risk ï· D. Strategic risk Answer: A Question #79 Which of the following risk functions ensures the product/service alignment with the customer requirements? ï· A. Accounting ï· B. Marketing ï· C. Strategic planning ï· D. Credit Answer: B Question #80 Which of the following is the process of identifying and assessing factors that may jeopardize the success of a project or the achievement of a goal? ï· A. Risk retention ï· B. Risk identification ï· C. Risk communication ï· D. Risk analysis https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #81 Which of the following is the process of defining the way work is performed and the tasks that a given job requires? ï· A. Selection ï· B. Recruitment ï· C. Job design ï· D. Job analysis Answer: C Question #82 Which of the following functions of HR department is liable for attitude surveys, labor relation, employee handbook, and labor law compliance? ï· A. Personnel policy ï· B. Employee relation ï· C. Compensation and benefit ï· D. Analysis and design for work Answer: B Question #83 Which of the following categories measures the health of the organization and the working environment of its employees? ï· A. Quantity ï· B. Safety ï· C. Effectiveness ï· D. Efficiency Answer: B Question #84 Which of the following is concerned with fairness and transparency? ï· A. Continual Service Improvement ï· B. Service Support ï· C. Service Strategy ï· D. Governance https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D More Questions. Question #1 Which of the following should be the PRIMARY consideration for an enterprise when prioritizing IT projects? ï· A. Results of IT performance benchmarks against competitors ï· B. Impact on the business due to expected project outcomes ï· C. Technical capability of the enterprise to execute the projects ï· D. Process owner expectations based on operational benefits Answer: B Reference: https://www.cio.com/article/3294993/prioritizing-projects.html Question #2 Senior management finds that too many projects are currently in-progress and all are experiencing expensive project overruns due to lack of resources. Many of the projects also appear to overlap in their objectives and expected outcomes. Which of the following would BEST streamline the process of evaluating and selecting funding priorities? ï· A. Portfolio management ï· B. Value governance ï· C. Project management ï· D. Business case development Answer: D Reference: https://www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-trends/newsletters/cobit-focus/2016/ensuring-value-from-it-enabledïżŸinvestments Question #3 The CEO of a large enterprise has announced the commencement of a major business expansion that will double the size of the organization. IT will need to support the expected demand expansion. The CIO should FIRST: ï· A. update the IT strategic plan to align with the decision. ï· B. recruit IT resources based on the expansion decision. ï· C. review the resource utilization matrix. ï· D. embed IT personnel in the business units. Answer: C Question #4 Portfolio management in a large enterprise BEST enables which of the following? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Performance management ï· B. Risk reduction ï· C. Value creation ï· D. Human resource optimization Answer: B Question #5 Which of the following BEST defines the IT investment activities an enterprise will undertake when aligning to business goals? ï· A. Portfolio management ï· B. Procurement management ï· C. Project management ï· D. Risk management Answer: D Question #6 Which of the following should be the PRIMARY consideration when implementing IT governance in a small, newly established organization? ï· A. Approving enterprise architecture and standards ï· B. Defining IT project management methodology ï· C. Assigning a budget for IT governance applications ï· D. Assigning IT roles and responsibilities Answer: D Reference: https://www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-trends/newsletters/cobit-focus/2017/using-cobit-in-governmentïżŸdepartments Question #7 Which of the following is the BEST method to monitor IT governance effectiveness? ï· A. Service level management ï· B. Balanced scorecard ï· C. Risk control self-assessment ï· D. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis Answer: B Reference: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2016/volume-6/performance-measurement-metrics-for-itïżŸgovernance https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #8 An internal auditor conducts an assessment of a two-year-old IT risk management program. Which of the following findings should be of MOST concern to the CIO? ï· A. Organizational responsibility for IT risk management is not clearly defined. ï· B. IT risk training records are not properly retained in accordance with established schedules. ï· C. None of the members of the IT risk management team have risk management-related certifications. ï· D. Only a few key risk indicators identified by the IT risk management team are being monitored and the rest will be on a phased schedule. Answer: D Question #9 An enterprise has discovered that there is significant duplication of IT investments. Which of the following would be MOST helpful in addressing this issue? ï· A. Establishing an IT steering committee ï· B. Delegating IT investment decisions to centralized IT ï· C. Maintaining an inventory of IT investments ï· D. Increasing the frequency of IT investment audits Answer: A Question #10 A regulatory audit assessed an enterprise's main transactional application as noncompliant. In addition to fines and required corrections, an agreement was reached to implement a set of governance controls over IT. Accountability for these controls is BEST assigned to which of the following? ï· A. Internal audit director ï· B. CIO ï· C. The board of directors ï· D. Application users Answer: A Question #11 An enterprise is planning a change in business direction. As a result, IT risk will significantly increase. Which of the following should be the CIO's FIRST course of action? ï· A. Plan for the corresponding IT reorganization. ï· B. Recommend delaying the business change. ï· C. Report the risk to executive management. ï· D. Implement IT changes to align with the plan. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #12 Which of the following is the GREATEST expected strategic organizational benefit from the standardization of technical platforms? ï· A. Reduces IT operational training costs ï· B. Reduces response time ï· C. Meets regulatory compliance requirements ï· D. Optimizes infrastructure investments Answer: D Reference: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=odC_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=enterprise+IT+expected+strat egic+organizational+benefit+from +the+standardization+of+technical +platforms&source=bl&ots=KnpTgkPPsb&sig=ACfU3U3fIFhOpMt81n2_xEoKhLtDFBmv8g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE wjegNiP6PfpAhWOh1wKHQB4AX8Q6AE wCXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=enterprise%20IT%20expected%20strategic%20organizational%20benefit%20from% 20the%20standardization%20of% 20technical%20platforms&f=false Question #13 Which of the following would be the BEST way for an enterprise to address new legal and regulatory requirements applicable to IT? ï· A. Benchmark how other IT organizations are treating the new requirements. ï· B. Adopt a zero-tolerance approach for noncompliance with regulatory matters. ï· C. Treat as a risk to be assessed before developing a response. ï· D. Use a cost-benefit analysis to determine if compliance is warranted. Answer: D Question #14 Which of the following is MOST critical for sustaining a newly implemented IT governance program? ï· A. Launch an enterprise-wide IT governance awareness program. ï· B. Designate a board representative to sponsor the IT governance program. ï· C. Ensure that there are IT policies, procedures, and standards in place. ï· D. Benchmark the program periodically against industry peers. Answer: C Question #15 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An enterprise decides to accept the IT risk of a subsidiary located in another country even though it exceeds the enterprise's risk appetite. Which of the following would be the BEST justification for this decision? ï· A. Local market common practices ï· B. Risk framework alignment ï· C. Technical gaps among subsidiaries ï· D. Compliance with local regulations Answer: C Question #16 The board of directors of an enterprise has questioned whether the business is focused on optimizing value. The IT strategy committee's BEST action to address the board's concern is to: ï· A. initiate reporting and review of key IT performance metrics. ï· B. form a technology council to monitor the efficiency of project implementation. ï· C. conduct a portfolio review to assess the benefits realization of IT investments. ï· D. conduct a benchmark to assess IT value relative to competitors. Answer: A Question #17 Ă ĂÂĄĂâąĂĆŸ determines the enterprise is lagging behind its competitors in consumer mobile offerings, and mandates an aggressive rollout of several new mobile services within the next 12 months. To ensure the IT organization is capable of supporting this business objective, the enterprise's CIO should FIRST: ï· A. procure contractors with experience in mobile application development. ï· B. task direct reports with creating training plans for their teams. ï· C. create a sense of urgency with the IT team that mobile knowledge is mandatory. ï· D. request an assessment of current in-house mobile technology skills. Answer: D Question #18 Following a merger of two major corporations, the new strategic goal is "One business function. One IT system." Which of the following should be the FIRST step to achieve this goal? ï· A. Form a combined IT steering committee. ï· B. Document requirements for each business function. ï· C. Create a standard enterprise architecture. ï· D. Define service level agreements with each business function. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #19 Which of the following is the BEST approach to ensure IT technical competencies support the enterprise? ï· A. Ensure there is adequate budget for IT technical training. ï· B. Determine training requirements from customer service satisfaction surveys. ï· C. Align training requirements to the capabilities needed to support the business strategy. ï· D. Hold annual job fairs targeting new graduates in IT technical fields. Answer: C Reference: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Financial%20Services/Our%20Insights/NextïżŸgen%20technology%20transformation%20in% 20financial%20services/Next-gen-technology-transformation-in-financial-services.ashx Question #20 A data governance strategy has been defined by the IT strategy committee which includes privacy objectives related to access controls, authorized use, and data collection. Which of the following should the committee do NEXT? ï· A. Mandate the creation of a data privacy policy. ï· B. Establish a data privacy budget. ï· C. Perform a data privacy impact assessment. ï· D. Mandate data privacy training for employees. Answer: A Question #21 Once an IT governance framework has been defined, which of the following is the MOST effective approach to align IT to business objectives? ï· A. Auditing the alignment of IT to business objectives regularly ï· B. Reviewing the return on investment of IT initiatives on a regular basis ï· C. Establishing a cross business unit committee to prioritize IT investment ï· D. Reporting IT investment and performance to senior management regularly Answer: A Reference: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=r2e7NmwoFGoC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=Once+an+IT+governance+fra mework+has+been+defined, +which+of+the+following+is+the+MOST+effective+approach+to+align+IT+to+business +objectives&source=bl&ots=tz7jATmLvQ&sig=ACfU3U1dkpiL5L1JJLfyOORIf9gBtlFSDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj Cqv7_- ffpAhXGN8AKHSOpDoAQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Once%20an%20IT%20governance%20framework%20h as%20been%20defined%2C%20which% https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! 20of%20the%20following%20is%20the%20MOST%20effective%20approach%20to%20align%20IT%20to%20busines s%20objectives&f=false Question #22 An IT governance committee is defining a risk management policy for a portfolio of IT-enabled investments. Which of the following should be the PRIMARY consideration when developing the policy? ï· A. Risk appetite of the enterprise ï· B. Risk management framework ï· C. Value obtained with minimum risk ï· D. Possible investment failures Answer: B Question #23 A contracted company employs key IT systems operational personnel to oversee technology used to manage a critical line of business. Management is concerned that a mass resignation by many disgruntled personnel may lead to a shutdown of these key systems. Which of the following should be the PRIMARY responsibility of IT governance to address this risk? ï· A. Renegotiate employment agreements to lessen the likelihood of a mass resignation. ï· B. Cross train management to assume support of the technology. ï· C. Develop a resourcing strategy that quickly replaces staff. ï· D. Survey key support staff to determine what is causing them to be disgruntled. Answer: D Question #24 A CIO determines IT investment management processes are not fully realizing the benefits identified in business cases. Which of the following would be the BEST way to prevent this issue? ï· A. Document lessons learned throughout the investment life cycle. ï· B. Perform stage-gate reviews throughout the life cycle of each project. ï· C. Evaluate the delegation of investment approval authorities. ï· D. Establish a requirement for CIO review and approval of each business case. Answer: A Question #25 How does an enterprise benefit from implementing a set of key risk indicators (KRIs)? ï· A. The set of KRIs remains relevant over time. ï· B. Risk exposures are monitored to ensure they remain within risk appetite. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. The need for a formal risk and control assessment program is eliminated. ï· D. The frequency of risk data gathering and reporting is minimized. Answer: B Reference: https://www.metricstream.com/insights/Key-Risk-indicators-ERM.htm Question #26 A large retail chain realizes that while there has not been any loss of data, IT security has not been a priority and should become a key goal for the enterprise. What should be the FIRST high-level initiative for a newly created IT strategy committee in order to support this business goal? ï· A. Modernizing internal IT security practices ï· B. Identifying gaps in information asset protection ï· C. Recruiting and training qualified IT security staff ï· D. Defining data archiving and retrieval policies Answer: B Question #27 A multinational enterprise recently purchased a large company located in a different country. When introducing the concept of governance to the new acquisition, it is MOST important that executive management recognize: ï· A. the use of international standards. ï· B. language differences. ï· C. globally recognized good practices. ï· D. the impact of cultural changes. Answer: C Question #28 The MOST effective way to ensure that IT supports the agile needs of an enterprise is to: ï· A. implement open source systems. ï· B. outsource infrastructure management. ï· C. develop a robust enterprise architecture. ï· D. perform process modeling. Answer: D Question #29 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! From an IT governance perspective, which of the following would be the MOST significant impact of moving all IT applications to an external Software as a Service (SaaS) cloud provider? ï· A. The necessity to update key risk indicators (KRIs) ï· B. The integration of the IT department with business lines ï· C. The improvement of IT service alignment with business ï· D. The shift from service delivery to service management Answer: C Question #30 Which of the following is the MOST important driver of IT governance? ï· A. Management transparency ï· B. Technical excellence ï· C. Effective internal controls ï· D. Quality measurement Answer: A Question #31 When developing an IT strategic plan that supports an enterprise's business goals, which of the following should be done FIRST? ï· A. Understand the current vision. ï· B. Perform a business impact analysis. ï· C. Ensure that IT drives business goals. ï· D. Analyze benchmarking data. Answer: B Reference: https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/strategic-planning/ Question #32 Prior to decommissioning an IT system, it is MOST important to: ï· A. assess compliance with environmental regulations. ï· B. review the media disposal records. ï· C. assess compliance with the retention policy. ï· D. review the data sanitization records. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #33 An enterprise is trying to increase the maturity of its IT process from being ad hoc to being repeatable. Which of the following is the PRIMARY benefit of this change? ï· A. Required outcomes are more frequently achieved. ï· B. Process performance is measured in business terms. ï· C. Required outcomes are mapped to business objectives. ï· D. Process optimization is embedded across the organization. Answer: A Reference: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1iZ3qWnLU0oC&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=increase+the+maturity+of+its+ IT+process+from+being+ad+hoc +to+being+repeatable&source=bl&ots=u6T_F9VL-V&sig=ACfU3U0bLAxWfJhgn10- z1Qk0syhD_HCFw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhn43L2fnpAhVC_qQKHRagBNcQ6AEwD3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q =increase%20the%20maturity%20of% 20its%20IT%20process%20from%20being%20ad%20hoc%20to%20being%20repeatable&f=false Question #34 Which of the following entities is structured PRIMARILY to ensure goals and objectives are aligned between IT and the business? ï· A. Board of directors ï· B. Portfolio management committee ï· C. Change advisory board ï· D. IT strategy committee Answer: A Reference: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/principles-of-management/ Question #35 A recent audit of IT investments has found that while initial returns meet expectations, benefits realization declines more than expected over time. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this situation? ï· A. Standardize resource monitoring approaches. ï· B. Institute project quality and performance metrics. ï· C. Establish key risk indicators (KRIs). ï· D. Institute regular business case updates and reviews. Answer: D Reference: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/guidelines-successful-benefits-realization-9909 Question #36 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An enterprise's IT department has been operating independently without regard to business concerns, leading to misalignment between business and IT. The BEST way to establish alignment would be to require: ï· A. business to help define IT goals. ï· B. IT to define business objectives. ï· C. business to fund IT services. ï· D. IT and business to define risks. Answer: A Question #37 Which of the following are the MOST critical enablers for implementing IT governance in an enterprise? ï· A. Involvement of IT strategy and steering committees ï· B. Assigning roles and responsibilities for IT governance ï· C. Commitment and promotion by senior management ï· D. Prioritizing IT projects and funding for IT governance Answer: C Reference: https://www3.pinkelephant.com/articles/The7EnablersandConstraintsofITSMv1.PDF Question #38 A business unit is planning to replace an existing IT legacy solution with a hosted Software as a Service (SaaS) solution. However, business management is concerned that stored data will be at risk. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way to reduce the risk associated with the SaaS solution? ï· A. Include risk-related requirements in the SaaS contract. ï· B. Create key risk indicators for the SaaS solution. ï· C. Redefine the risk appetite and risk tolerance. ï· D. Research the technology and identify potential security threats. Answer: A Question #39 Which of the following would be MOST helpful in gaining executive support for an IT-enabled business initiative? ï· A. Framing the in terms of impact to business value ï· B. Presenting a comprehensive risk management plan ï· C. Providing examples of risks realized by competitors for similar initiatives ï· D. Presenting key findings of a business impact analysis conducted by IT managers https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #40 An enterprise is planning to implement several strategic initiatives that will require the acquisition of new IT systems. Which of the following would BEST enable the IT steering committee to prioritize proposed initiatives based on business objectives? ï· A. IT strategic management ï· B. Project management ï· C. Enterprise architecture management ï· D. Project portfolio management Answer: C Question #41 An IT governance committee recently received a report indicating a scarcity of key IT skills in the marketplace to meet the core needs of the business. Reviewing which of the following would BEST help the committee respond to this situation? ï· A. IT balanced scorecard ï· B. Outsourcing strategy ï· C. IT strategic plan ï· D. Human resource strategy Answer: D Question #42 An enterprise has decided to create its first mobile application. The IT director is concerned about the potential impact of this initiative. Which of the following is the MOST important input for managing the risk associated with this initiative? ï· A. Business requirements ï· B. IT risk scorecard ï· C. Enterprise risk appetite ï· D. Enterprise architecture Answer: A Question #43 Senior management has made a decision to automate a number of key controls due to concerns that current IT risk controls are overly cumbersome and adversely impacting IT agility. Which of the following should be required FIRST to facilitate this process? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Control gap analysis ï· B. Control self-assessments ï· C. Controls optimization ï· D. Cost-benefit analysis Answer: D Reference: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/itac-planning/#gref Question #44 The IT function received only 50% of the requested funding to support the IT strategy for new business initiatives. Which of the following is the CIO's MOST important course of action before considering alternative resource options? ï· A. Prioritize the portfolio. ï· B. Terminate less visible maintenance projects. ï· C. Develop a new balanced scorecard. ï· D. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Answer: A Reference: https://hbr.org/1980/07/strategic-management-for-competitive-advantage Question #45 A business case indicates an enterprise would reduce costs by implementing a bring your own device (BYOD) program allowing employees to use personal devices for e-mail. Which of the following should be the FIRST governance action? ï· A. Assess the enterprise architecture. ï· B. Update the BYOD policy. ï· C. Update the network infrastructure. ï· D. Assess the BYOD risk. Answer: A Question #46 An enterprise has decided to implement an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to achieve operating and cost efficiencies through global IT standardization. The business units are resistant because they are used to operating autonomously. The CEO has instructed the CIO to move quickly with the implementation to force acceptance with business unit leaders. Which of the following should be the CIO's FIRST step? ï· A. Request funding from the CEO to hire ERP consultants. ï· B. Ask the CEO to be the sponsor of the program. ï· C. Engage a reluctant business unit to conduct a proof-of-concept pilot. ï· D. Build a governance framework for identifying non-standard processes. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #47 Which of the following is MOST critical to have in place before management can establish an IT risk assessment and response approach? ï· A. A portfolio of IT investments ï· B. Defined roles and responsibilities ï· C. Historic data on risk events ï· D. A balanced scorecard Answer: B Question #48 An IT audit report indicates that a lack of IT employee risk awareness is creating serious security issues in application design and configuration. Which of the following would be the BEST key risk indicator (KRI) to show progress in IT employee behavior? ï· A. Results of application security testing ï· B. Results of application security awareness training quizzes ï· C. Number of reported security incidents ï· D. Number of IT employees attending security training sessions Answer: C Question #49 An enterprise can BEST assess the benefits of a new IT project through its life cycle by: ï· A. calculation of the total cost of ownership. ï· B. calculation of the net present value. ï· C. periodic review of the business case. ï· D. periodic measurement of the project slip rate. Answer: C Question #50 Which of the following is the MOST important objective of IT program portfolio management? ï· A. Reduced technology costs ï· B. Reduced project management costs ï· C. Improved IT service delivery ï· D. Appropriate investment mix https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Reference: https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/project-management-vs-portfolio-management-vs-programïżŸmanagement/ Question #51 Which of the following is the BEST way for the CIO to ensure senior business management understands the current IT risk profile? ï· A. Present an aggregated view of risk. ï· B. Present the updated risk register. ï· C. Present a detailed list of risk findings. ï· D. Present a list of scheduled risk mitigation actions. Answer: A Question #52 Besides the mitigation of IT risk, which of the following is the PRIMARY outcome of IT governance? ï· A. Control of IT processes ï· B. Meeting of IT financial goals ï· C. Resolution of IT audit findings ï· D. Value delivery of IT to the business Answer: D Reference: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/co/Documents/risk/InteligenciaFrentealRiesgo/No.6- RiskIntelligenceCIO.pdf Question #53 Despite an adequate training budget, IT staff are not keeping skills current with emerging technologies critical to the enterprise. The BEST way for the enterprise to address this situation would be to: ï· A. establish an agreed-upon skills development plan with each employee. ï· B. allow staff to attend technology conferences. ï· C. create a standard-setting center of excellence. ï· D. assign human resources (HR) to develop an IT skills matrix. Answer: D Question #54 The PRIMARY reason a CIO and IT senior management should stay aware of the business environment is to: ï· A. measure efficiency of IT resources. ï· B. revisit prioritization of IT projects. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. re-assess the IT investment portfolio. ï· D. adjust IT strategy as needed. Answer: A Question #55 Which of the following aspects of the transition from X-rays to digital images would be BEST addressed by implementing information security policy and procedures? ï· A. Establishing data retention procedures ï· B. Training technicians on acceptable use policy ï· C. Minimizing the impact of hospital operation disruptions on patient care ï· D. Protecting personal health information Answer: D Question #56 To enable consistent assessment of candidate program investments for inclusion into the IT portfolio, it is MOST important to identify: ï· A. an IT balanced scorecard. ï· B. the impact on enterprise architecture. ï· C. common selection criteria. ï· D. currently available resources. Answer: A Reference: http://businessit.biz/bit_share/VAL%20IT/VAL%20IT.pdf Question #57 What information is MOST important to include when reporting key risk indicators to the board of directors? ï· A. The effect of emerging risk trends on current risk exposure ï· B. Risk appetite, risk threshold and risk tolerance ï· C. Classification of current business risk ï· D. Costs and resource needs related to risk mitigation measures Answer: A Question #58 The board of directors of a major retail chain wants to know what capabilities are in place to prevent customer credit card data from being hacked. Which of the following should be established to provide useful information about a potential future event? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Risk tolerance ï· B. Lead indicators ï· C. Lag indicators ï· D. Performance indicators Answer: B Question #59 Several experienced IT resources have been hired away by a competitor. These individuals created and managed a business critical system that gave the enterprise a market advantage. Which of the following should be the PRIMARY concern of the system's business owner? ï· A. The impact on morale of the remaining IT employees ï· B. The competitor hiring additional IT employees from the enterprise ï· C. Whether access to the system and data has been adequately revoked ï· D. Whether remaining staff are able to maintain the quality of the system Answer: D Question #60 An enterprise has a large backlog of IT projects. The current strategy is to execute projects as they are submitted, but executive management does not believe this method is optimal. Which of the following is the MOST important action to address this concern? ï· A. Establish a performance dashboard that determines business value. ï· B. Create a combined business/IT committee to determine project prioritization. ï· C. Implement a methodology to prioritize projects based on resource availability. ï· D. Implement stage-gating to determine the value of each project. Answer: D Question #61 An enterprise's board of directors can BEST manage enterprise risk by: ï· A. mandating board-approved enterprise risk management (ERM) modifications. ï· B. requiring the establishment of an enterprise-wide program management office. ï· C. ensuring the cost-effectiveness of the internal control system. ï· D. requiring the establishment of an enterprise risk management (ERM) framework. Answer: D Reference: https://www.coso.org/documents/COSOBoardsERM4pager-FINALRELEASEVERSION82409_001.pdf https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #62 An IT investment review board wants to ensure that IT will be able to support business initiatives. Each initiative is comprised of several interrelated IT projects. Which of the following would help ensure that the initiatives meet their goals? ï· A. Verification of initiatives against the architecture ï· B. Review of the business case for each initiative ï· C. Establishment of portfolio management ï· D. Review of project management methodology Answer: C Reference: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/proven-project-portfolio-management-process-8503 Question #63 Which of the following is MOST critical to support IT governance cultural changes within an organization? ï· A. IT governance process manuals ï· B. Regularly scheduled governance training ï· C. Demonstrated management commitment ï· D. Established IT monitoring and measuring Answer: D Question #64 An enterprise has decided to use third-party software for a business process which is hosted and supported by the same third party. The BEST way to provide quality of service oversight would be to establish a process: ï· A. to qualify service providers. ï· B. for enterprise architecture updates. ï· C. for robust change management. ï· D. for periodic service provider audits. Answer: A Question #65 In a successful enterprise that is profitable in its marketplace and consistently growing in size, the non-IT workforce has grown by 50% in the last two years. The demand for IT staff in the marketplace is more than the supply, and the enterprise is losing staff to rival organizations. Due to the rapid growth, IT has struggled to keep up with the enterprise, and IT procedures and associated job roles are not well-defined. The MOST critical activity for reducing the impact caused by IT staff turnover is to: ï· A. outsource the IT operation. ï· B. increase compensation for IT staff. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. hire temporary staff. ï· D. document processes and procedures. Answer: D Question #66 A business has outsourced IT operations to several third-party providers, but service level agreements (SLAs) are not clearly defined in all cases. Which of the following is the GREATEST risk to the business? ï· A. Third parties could provide overlapping services. ï· B. Quality of services is not enforceable. ï· C. The scope of work is not clearly defined. ï· D. Costs are not measurable. Answer: B Question #67 A large enterprise has been experiencing high turnover of skilled IT personnel, resulting in a significant loss of knowledge within the IT department. Which of the following should be done FIRST to address this problem? ï· A. Conduct a survey of current IT staff. ï· B. Revise the IT resource management plan. ï· C. Update human resources policies and practices. ï· D. Develop an incentive scheme for IT employees. Answer: A Question #68 A newly established IT steering committee is concerned whether or not a system is meeting availability objectives. Which of the following will provide the BEST information to make an assessment? ï· A. Critical success factors ï· B. Balanced scorecard ï· C. Performance indicators ï· D. Capability maturity levels Answer: D Question #69 Following a major IT incident that resulted in a loss to the enterprise, a CIO is preparing for a meeting with the board of directors to discuss what may have failed internally. Which of the following should the CIO do FIRST to provide assurance to the board? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Review the IT control environment. ï· B. Ensure IT and enterprise risk management alignment. ï· C. Review the incident response policy. ï· D. Verify continuous monitoring is being performed. Answer: B Question #70 A newly appointed CIO has issued a new IT strategic plan. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way for the CIO to ensure the IT management team is held accountable for the delivery of the plan? ï· A. Provide management training on IT strategic objectives. ï· B. Revise the managers' performance goals to include key objectives. ï· C. Enforce disciplinary action for managers if the plan is not delivered. ï· D. Update the IT balanced scorecard with key objectives. Answer: B Question #71 Which of the following is the PRIMARY ongoing responsibility of the IT governance function related to risk? ï· A. Responding to and controlling all IT risk events ï· B. Verifying that all business units have staff skilled at assessing risk ï· C. Communicating the enterprise risk management plan ï· D. Ensuring IT risk management is aligned with business risk appetite Answer: C Question #72 Which of the following is the BEST outcome measure to determine the effectiveness of IT risk management processes? ï· A. Time lag between when IT risk is identified and the enterprise's response ï· B. Percentage of business users satisfied with the quality of risk training ï· C. Frequency of updates to the IT risk register ï· D. Number of events impacting business processes due to delays in responding to risks Answer: A Question #73 The BEST way for a CIO to monitor the alignment between the business and IT strategy is to regularly review: https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. IT services supporting business processes. ï· B. the balanced scorecard. ï· C. key risk indicators (KRIs). ï· D. the risk register. Answer: A Question #74 Which of the following is PRIMARILY achieved through performance measurement? ï· A. Process improvement ï· B. Benefit realization ï· C. Cost efficiency ï· D. Transparency Answer: A Question #75 While assessing the feasibility of introducing new IT practices and standards into the IT governance framework, it is CRITICAL to understand an organization's: ï· A. maturity of IT processes. ï· B. culture. ï· C. enterprise architecture. ï· D. level of outsourcing. Answer: C Question #76 A new IT initiative is delivered successfully. Which of the following should be updated to reflect the new technology? ï· A. Balanced scorecard ï· B. IT strategy ï· C. IT tactical plan ï· D. Enterprise architecture Answer: B Question #77 The MOST beneficial aspect of utilizing an IT risk management framework is that it: ï· A. addresses a lack of data in risk reporting. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. facilitates the identification of technologies posing the greatest risk to IT. ï· C. enables a consistent approach to risk management. ï· D. drives inclusion of the technology function in enterprise risk management. Answer: B Question #78 When defining an enterprise governance framework, the PRIMARY determination of the degree to which the framework is principle-based or policy-based is: ï· A. enterprise architecture framework. ï· B. organizational decision-making style. ï· C. IT process maturity. ï· D. organizational structure. Answer: D Reference: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/past-issues/2013/it-policy-framework-based-on-cobit-5 Question #79 A company is considering selling products online, and the CIO has been asked to advise the board of directors of potential problems with this strategy. Which of the following would be the CIO's BEST course of action? ï· A. Perform a risk assessment. ï· B. Review the security framework. ï· C. Conduct a return on investment analysis. ï· D. Review the enterprise architecture. Answer: B Question #80 After shifting from lease to purchase of IT infrastructure and software licenses, an enterprise has to pay for unexpected lease extensions causing significant cost overruns. The BEST direction for the IT steering committee would be to establish: ï· A. a program to annually review financial policy on overruns. ï· B. an end-of-life program to remove aging infrastructure from the environment. ï· C. budget cuts to compensate for the cost overruns. ï· D. a policy to consider total cost of ownership in investment decisions. Answer: D Question #81 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An enterprise is evaluating a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution to support a core business process. There is no outsourcing governance or vendor management in place. The CEO's FIRST course of action should be to: ï· A. establish a contract with the SaaS solution provider. ï· B. instruct management to use the standard procurement process. ï· C. ensure the service level agreements for service providers are defined. ï· D. ensure the roles and responsibilities to manage service providers are defined. Answer: B Question #82 Which of the following would BEST help to ensure timely reporting on risk events and responses to appropriate levels of management? ï· A. Corporate directory ï· B. Key personnel interviews ï· C. Emergency response team ï· D. Escalation procedures Answer: A Reference: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=k_hgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=cobit+help+to+ensure+timely+re porting+on+risk+events+and +responses+to+appropriate+levels+of +management&source=bl&ots=f2MF7tvMQB&sig=ACfU3U1F_qwMA3wQlZ2tpcb8bvzR3eUTyw&hl=en&sa=X&ved= 2ahUKEwj4kajJq_zpAhUrDWMBHQu2BWoQ 6AEwB3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=cobit%20help%20to%20ensure%20timely%20reporting%20on%20risk%20event s%20and%20responses%20to% 20appropriate%20levels%20of%20management&f=false Question #83 When developing an IT governance framework, it is MOST important for an enterprise to consider: ï· A. stakeholders' support. ï· B. information technology risk. ï· C. framework development cost. ï· D. information technology strategy. Answer: A Question #84 Which of the following would be MOST useful for prioritizing IT improvement initiatives to achieve desired business outcomes? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Portfolio management ï· B. Budget variance analysis ï· C. IT skills matrix ï· D. Enterprise architecture Answer: A Question #85 Which of the following BEST supports an IT strategy committee's objective to align employee competencies with planned initiatives? ï· A. Set management goals to hire co-operative work experience students. ï· B. Specify minimum training hours required for continuing professional education. ï· C. Add achievement of competencies to employee performance goals. ï· D. Require balanced scorecard concepts training of all employees. Answer: C Question #86 The IT director of a large project-driven enterprise is concerned that all recently completed IT projects have exceeded their budgets. Which of the following would be the BEST way to address this concern? ï· A. Implement portfolio management. ï· B. Require monitoring of budget utilization. ï· C. Assign business sponsors to active projects. ï· D. Implement agile project methodology. Answer: B Question #87 An enterprise is experiencing a pattern of sensitive data breaches. While each breach has been successfully remediated, leadership is concerned about recurrence. What should the leadership team do FIRST? ï· A. Require a root cause analysis be performed. ï· B. Contact the appropriate regulatory authorities. ï· C. Increase the amount of data breach insurance coverage. ï· D. Direct IT to research vulnerability management software solutions. Answer: A Question #88 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! A government agency plans to use predictive analytics to improve the quality of its services. The IT director is confident they have selected the right tool and can acquire appropriate resources to support the business need. Which of the following should be the director's NEXT course of action? ï· A. Ensure job descriptions are available for newly-hired IT resources. ï· B. Ensure IT has the appropriate processes in place. ï· C. Implement a balanced scorecard to measure service quality. ï· D. Establish a data governance council that includes IT senior management. Answer: C Question #89 During a period of financial crisis, an enterprise is evaluating its IT service strategy. The board of directors recognizes the need to save money without sacrificing the quality of IT services provided. To achieve this objective, the IT strategy committee should FIRST: ï· A. re-design IT service management processes. ï· B. cancel discretionary IT projects. ï· C. reduce the total cost of ownership of IT services. ï· D. re-prioritize the IT investment portfolio. Answer: D Question #90 To successfully implement enterprise IT governance, which of the following should be the MAIN focus of IT policies? ï· A. Optimizing operational benefits ï· B. Enhancing organizational capability ï· C. Limiting IT costs ï· D. Providing business value Answer: A Question #91 A recent benchmarking analysis has indicated an IT organization is retaining more data and spending significantly more on data retention than its competitors. Which of the following would BEST ensure the optimization of retention costs? ï· A. Requiring that all business cases contain data deletion and retention plans ï· B. Revalidating the organization's risk tolerance and re-aligning the retention policy ï· C. Redefining the retention policy to align with industry best practices ï· D. Moving all high-risk and medium-risk data backups to cloud storage https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #92 An enterprise is undertaking a multi-year portfolio of IT initiatives to replace core accounting systems. The program management team has developed a business case and is defining a roadmap for the initiatives. Of the following, who should be responsible for defining the optimization criteria for the portfolio? ï· A. Project management office ï· B. Board of directors ï· C. Program management team ï· D. IT steering committee Answer: C Question #93 An enterprise has entered into a new market which brings additional regulatory compliance requirements. To address these new requirements, the enterprise should FIRST: ï· A. update the organization's risk profile. ï· B. have executive management monitor compliance. ï· C. outsource the compliance process. ï· D. appoint a compliance officer. Answer: B Question #94 An IT steering committee is preparing to review proposals for projects that implement emerging technologies. In anticipation of the review, the committee should FIRST: ï· A. require a review of the enterprise risk management framework. ï· B. understand how the emerging technologies will influence risk across the enterprise. ï· C. determine if the IT staff can support the emerging technologies. ï· D. require a capacity plan and framework review for the emerging technologies. Answer: A Question #95 The CIO of a large enterprise has taken the necessary steps to align IT objectives with business objectives. The BEST way for the CIO to ensure these objectives are delivered effectively by IT staff is to: ï· A. enhance the budget for training based on the IT objectives. ï· B. include the IT objectives in staff performance plans. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. include CIO sign-off of the objectives as part of the IT strategic plan. ï· D. map the IT objectives to an industry-accepted framework. Answer: D Question #96 An analysis of an organization's security breach is complete. The results indicate that the quality of the code used for updates to its primary customer-facing software has been declining and security flaws were introduced. The FIRST IT governance action to correct this problem should be to review: ï· A. the incident response plan. ï· B. the change management control framework. ï· C. compliance with the user testing process. ï· D. the qualifications of developers to write secure code. Answer: A Question #97 Senior leadership is concerned about a recent trend of excessive exceptions to existing controls. Which of the following should be implemented to address this concern? ï· A. Continuous monitoring ï· B. Independent audits ï· C. A control library ï· D. Risk awareness training Answer: A Question #98 It has been discovered that multiple business units across an enterprise are using duplicate IT applications and services to fulfill their individual needs. Which of the following would be MOST helpful to address this concern? ï· A. IT project roadmap ï· B. IT service management ï· C. Enterprise architecture ï· D. Enterprise risk framework Answer: C Question #99 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! When developing a business case for an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, which of the following, if overlooked, causes the GREATEST impact to the enterprise? ï· A. Salvage value of legacy hardware ï· B. IT best practices ï· C. Interdependent systems ï· D. Vendor selection Answer: D Question #100 A regional business unit of a major financial institution is considering the use of a Software as a Service (SaaS) cloud vendor to implement a new system. Which of the following should be performed FIRST? ï· A. Update the outsourcing policy. ï· B. Investigate on-premise software solutions. ï· C. Develop a business case. ï· D. Determine if the cloud vendor has a secure data center. Answer: D Question #101 During the implementation phase of a central ERP system, a project manager identifies a significant lack of human capabilities to support the system. The issue is reported to the project sponsor, and the sponsor sends a request for an increase in the budget to the IT steering committee. What should be the IT steering committee's FIRST action? ï· A. Require a revised business case. ï· B. Approve the budget request. ï· C. Provide appropriate training. ï· D. Refer back to the project sponsor for resolution. Answer: B Question #102 For a large enterprise, which of the following is the BEST indicator that IT governance has a poor reputation? ï· A. Regulatory noncompliance ï· B. Low attendance at strategy committee meetings ï· C. High turnover of IT staff ï· D. Data leakage Answer: A https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #103 An enterprise has committed to the implementation of a new IT governance model. The BEST way to begin this implementation is to: ï· A. prioritize how much and where to invest in IT. ï· B. identify the role of IT in supporting the business. ï· C. define policies for data, applications, and organization of infrastructure. ï· D. identify IT services that currently support the enterprise's capability. Answer: C Question #104 Which of the following is the PRIMARY role of the CEO in IT governance? ï· A. Evaluating return on investment ï· B. Managing the risk governance process ï· C. Establishing enterprise strategic goals ï· D. Nominating IT steering committee membership Answer: C Reference: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/jobs/what-is-a-ceo-chief-executive-officer/ Question #105 Which of the following is a PRIMARY responsibility of the CIO when an enterprise plans to replace its enterprise resource applications? ï· A. Ensuring IT architecture requirements are considered ï· B. Selecting and vetting application vendors ï· C. Determining critical success factors for related projects ï· D. Establishing software quality criteria Answer: A Question #106 Upcoming IT-related regulations carry costly penalties for an enterprise. The issuing regulatory agency has a history of weak enforcement. The IT steering committee should FIRST direct management to: ï· A. update the enterprise architecture. ï· B. perform benchmarking activities. ï· C. evaluate the impact of the emerging risk. ï· D. develop mitigation plans for noncompliance. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #107 When establishing a methodology for business cases, it would be MOST beneficial for an enterprise to include procedures for: ï· A. addressing required changes outside the business case. ï· B. updating the business case throughout its life cycle. ï· C. identifying metrics post-implementation to measure project success. ï· D. entering the business case into the enterprise architecture. Answer: D Question #108 The PRIMARY focus of a committee tasked with evaluating an IT project portfolio should be to ensure: ï· A. a consistent estimation methodology is leveraged. ï· B. the enterprise strategy is updated. ï· C. consistent selection criteria are applied. ï· D. an industry standard capability maturity model is used. Answer: D Question #109 Which of the following issues identified during an IT review is MOST important to address to improve the alignment between the business and IT? ï· A. Services in the IT portfolio are not traceable to the IT strategy. ï· B. IT strategy reviews are conducted only after business strategy changes. ï· C. Business satisfaction surveys are not conducted regularly. ï· D. IT dashboards have not been established. Answer: A Question #110 Which of the following is the MOST effective means for IT management to report to executive management regarding the value of IT? ï· A. IT process maturity level ï· B. Resource assessment ï· C. Balanced scorecard ï· D. Cost-benefit analysis https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #111 When determining the desired maturity levels for IT governance processes, it is MOST important to: ï· A. ensure that maturity can be achieved at the lowest cost. ï· B. ensure target levels are in line with external competitor benchmarks. ï· C. agree on target levels in response to need. ï· D. focus on existing strengths as key drivers for the target levels. Answer: D Question #112 Which of the following is the MOST important reason for selecting IT key risk indicators (KRIs)? ï· A. Enabling comparison against similar IT KRIs ï· B. Increasing the probability of achieving IT goals ï· C. Assessing the current IT controls model ï· D. Demonstrating the effectiveness of IT risk policies Answer: B Question #113 Which of the following would BEST help a CIO enhance the competencies of an IT business analytics team? ï· A. Understanding current staff skill sets and identifying gaps ï· B. Defining the IT architecture and identifying training areas ï· C. Creating operational processes and identifying resources ï· D. Establishing team goals and identifying the proper structure Answer: C Question #114 The BEST way to ensure an IT steering committee meets enterprise objectives is to: ï· A. have key business stakeholders represented on the committee. ï· B. establish key performance indicators (KPIs). ï· C. require a member of the committee to have IT governance expertise. ï· D. benchmark against industry best practices. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #115 Which of the following is the MOST important input for the development of a human resources strategy to address IT skill gaps? ï· A. Technology direction of the enterprise ï· B. Training budget allocated for IT staff ï· C. A recent IT skills matrix ï· D. Training effectiveness reports Answer: C Question #116 A hospital's executive steering committee is concerned about the increasing number of cyber attacks on patient data systems across the industry. The committee has asked the CIO to provide regular reporting with information that will help provide better oversight of cyber-related risk to the hospital. Including which of the following in the report would be MOST helpful to the committee? ï· A. Status of key risk indicators ï· B. Current business impact levels ï· C. IT operations gap assessment ï· D. Cybersecurity risk benchmarks Answer: B Question #117 Which of the following is the BEST way to provide effective IT risk management? ï· A. Implementing a cost-effective mitigation program ï· B. Appointing a chief risk officer ï· C. Embedding risk management in operations ï· D. Establishing an incident management program Answer: A Question #118 Maintaining a list of all potential IT initiatives for implementing the business strategy should be the responsibility of the: ï· A. portfolio management function. ï· B. individual business units. ï· C. chief executive officer (CEO). https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. chief operating officer (COO). Answer: D Question #119 A large enterprise has decided to use an emerging technology that needs to be integrated with the current IT infrastructure. Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent adverse effects to the enterprise resulting from the new technology? ï· A. Develop key risk indicators (KRIs). ï· B. Develop key performance indicators (KPIs). ï· C. Implement service level agreements (SLAs). ï· D. Update the risk appetite statement. Answer: B Question #120 An enterprise recognizes that a large percentage of its IT employees are eligible for retirement in the next five years. A significant amount of institutional knowledge resides with retirement-eligible staff. From the board's perspective, which of the following is the GREATEST concern for the enterprise in this situation? ï· A. Service delivery to the business ï· B. Loss of key IT personnel ï· C. Lack of timeline for succession plan ï· D. Lack of process documentation Answer: D Question #121 Which of the following groups would be MOST appropriate to decide whether to proceed with an IT-enabled investment at the individual program level? ï· A. Business sponsors ï· B. Program management office ï· C. IT steering committee ï· D. Board of directors Answer: C Question #122 Which of the following will BEST enable an enterprise to convey IT governance direction and objectives? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Corporate culture ï· B. Business processes ï· C. Principles and policies ï· D. Skills and competencies Answer: C Question #123 A large enterprise's IT department has identified a new risk management solution that would significantly enhance IT risk monitoring processes. However, there is a business perception that the new solution would not provide a visible benefit to the enterprise. Which of the following is the BEST way to gain business support? ï· A. Articulate the business value of the new solution. ï· B. Promote the IT benefits and the streamlining of processes. ï· C. Provide real time risk reporting to the business. ï· D. Obtain sign-off on a reduced headcount over the next five years. Answer: B Question #124 When assessing the impact of a new regulatory requirement, which of the following should be the FIRST course of action? ï· A. Update affected IT policies. ï· B. Implement new regulatory requirements. ï· C. Assess the budget impact of the new regulation. ï· D. Map the regulation to business processes. Answer: D Question #125 Before establishing IT key risk indicators, which of the following should be defined FIRST? ï· A. IT risk and security framework ï· B. IT key performance indicators ï· C. IT goals and objectives ï· D. IT resource strategy Answer: C Reference: https://bernardmarr.com/default.asp?contentID=1515 Question #126 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Which of the following should be the FIRST step for executive management to take in communicating what is considered acceptable use with regard to personally owned devices for company business? ï· A. Post awareness messages throughout the facility. ï· B. Develop and disseminate an applicable policy. ï· C. Provide training on how to protect data on personal devices. ï· D. Require employees to read and sign a disclaimer. Answer: C Question #127 An enterprise's strategic change requires an IT strategic initiative re-evaluation. Which of the following BEST indicates that an established IT governance framework could handle the re-evaluation? ï· A. Creation of an IT steering committee to align the IT strategic initiatives to the recent change ï· B. Inclusion of IT portfolio management procedures with strategic change review activities ï· C. Development of a business case to evaluate the impact of the strategic change ï· D. Holding IT investments until an analysis of the strategic change impact was complete Answer: C Question #128 Which of the following BEST indicates that a change management process has been implemented successfully? ï· A. Degree of control ï· B. Outcome measures ï· C. Process performance ï· D. Maturity levels Answer: B Question #129 To meet the growing demands of a newly established business unit, IT senior management has been tasked with changing the current IT organization model to service-oriented. With significant growth expected of the IT organization, which of the following is the MOST important consideration when planning for long-term IT service delivery? ï· A. The IT organization is able to sustain business requirements. ï· B. IT is able to provide a comprehensive service catalog to the business. ï· C. The IT service delivery model is approved by the business. ï· D. An IT risk management process is in place. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #130 Which of the following BEST enables the alignment of IT and enterprise strategy? ï· A. Project portfolio management ï· B. IT resource planning ï· C. IT performance monitoring and reporting ï· D. Enterprise compliance audits Answer: B Question #131 Which of the following would provide the BEST input for prioritizing strategic IT improvement initiatives? ï· A. Business case evaluation ï· B. Business process analysis ï· C. Business impact analysis ï· D. Business dependency assessment Answer: C Question #132 An enterprise has decided to utilize a cloud vendor for the first time to provide email as a service, eliminating inïżŸhouse email capabilities. Which of the following IT strategic actions should be triggered by this decision? ï· A. Update and communicate data storage and transmission policies. ï· B. Develop a data protection awareness education training program. ï· C. Monitor outgoing email traffic for malware. ï· D. Implement a data classification and storage management tool. Answer: A Question #133 Which of the following is the BEST IT architecture concept to ensure consistency, interoperability, and agility for infrastructure capabilities? ï· A. Establishment of an IT steering committee ï· B. Standards-based reference architecture and design specifications ï· C. Design of policies and procedures ï· D. Establishment of standard vendor and technology designations https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #134 An enterprise is implementing its FIRST mobile sales channel. Final approval for accepting the associated IT risk should be obtained from which of the following? ï· A. IT steering committee ï· B. Chief information officer ï· C. Business sponsor ï· D. Risk manager Answer: B Question #135 Who should be accountable for quantifying the business impact of a potential breach of a server containing retail transactions for the last year? ï· A. Information systems security officer ï· B. Head of retail ï· C. Chief risk officer ï· D. Chief information officer Answer: A Question #136 The use of an enterprise architecture framework BEST supports IT governance by providing: ï· A. key information for IT service level management. ï· B. IT standards for application development. ï· C. business information for IT capacity planning. ï· D. reference models to align IT with business. Answer: A Question #137 Which of the following is the MOST appropriate mechanism for measuring overall IT organizational performance? ï· A. IT balanced scorecard ï· B. Service level metrics ï· C. Maturity model ï· D. IT portfolio return on investment https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Reference: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215879518_Measuring_the_Performance_of_IT_Service_Management Question #138 The PRIMARY reason for periodically evaluating IT resource staffing requirements is to: ï· A. ensure the enterprise has sufficient resources to address changing business and IT needs. ï· B. ascertain the IT function has sufficient skilled staff to maintain daily operations. ï· C. verify that human resource recruitment and retention processes meet enterprise IT objectives. ï· D. confirm IT-related responsibilities are defined for the enterprise's business and IT staff. Answer: A Question #139 Ă ĂÂĄĂâąĂĆŸ wants to establish a governance framework to facilitate the alignment of IT and business strategies. Which of the following should be a KEY requirement of this framework? ï· A. A service delivery strategy ï· B. Defined resourcing levels ï· C. A defined enterprise architecture ï· D. An outsourcing strategy Answer: C Question #140 Reviewing which of the following should be the FIRST step when evaluating the possibility of outsourcing an IT system? ï· A. Outsourcing strategy ï· B. IT staff skill sets ï· C. Outsourced business processes ï· D. Service level agreements (SLAs) Answer: D Question #141 Which of the following should be the PRIMARY goal of implementing service level agreements (SLAs) with an outsourcing vendor? ï· A. Establishing penalties for not meeting service levels ï· B. Complying with regulatory requirements ï· C. Achieving operational objectives https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Gaining a competitive advantage Answer: C Question #142 Of the following, the BEST response to the absence of a data security breach notification by a service provider is to contractually require that: ï· A. security incidents identified by the provider be reported. ï· B. security related key performance indicators be included in all service level agreements. ï· C. security incident information be shared only on a need-to-know basis. ï· D. a registry of all security breaches be maintained by the service provider. Answer: A Question #143 Which of the following should be the MOST essential consideration when outsourcing IT services? ï· A. Alignment with existing HR policies and practices ï· B. Adoption of a diverse vendor selection process ï· C. Identification of core and non-core business processes ï· D. Compliance with enterprise architecture Answer: C Question #144 A multinational enterprise is planning to migrate to cloud-based systems. Which of the following should be of MOST concern to the risk management committee? ï· A. Resource alignment ï· B. Security breaches ï· C. Regulatory compliance ï· D. Cost considerations Answer: C Question #145 In a large enterprise, which of the following should be responsible for the implementation of an IT balanced scorecard? ï· A. IT steering committee https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. Chief risk officer ï· C. Project management office ï· D. Chief information officer Answer: C Question #146 The approval of an enterprise risk management framework is the role of the: ï· A. chief information officer. ï· B. chief risk officer. ï· C. IT steering committee ï· D. board of directors. Answer: C Reference: https://www.clearrisk.com/risk-management-blog/bid/56487/Establishing-an-Enterprise-Risk-Management-ERMïżŸFramework-Enterprise Question #147 The BEST way to determine the effectiveness of an enterprise's IT governance framework is by assessing the: ï· A. value of IT contribution. ï· B. maturity of IT processes. ï· C. application of IT standards. ï· D. compliance to IT policy. Answer: B Question #148 A steering committee has been advised by the IT project management office that individual business units are building systems components that could be leveraged by other business units. Instead, identical components are being duplicated across the enterprise. Which of the following committee directives would be the BEST way to reduce the likelihood of this duplication? ï· A. Implement stage gate reviews to assess systems. ï· B. Establish an enterprise architecture. ï· C. Perform an assessment of change management processes. ï· D. Review IT system release management practices. Answer: C Question #149 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! To support the enterprise's digital transformation, the CIO has been asked to include an Internet of Things (IoT) component in the IT strategy. Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration? ï· A. Ensuring IoT usage in the industry has been analyzed ï· B. Ensuring IoT can be used in current revenue streams ï· C. Ensuring solution providers and their IoT use cases have been researched ï· D. Ensuring initial approvals are limited to small IoT projects to gain experience Answer: A Question #150 A retail enterprise wants to leverage emerging technologies to create a new sales channel for its customers. However, IT has little experience with these technologies and is unsure if the proposed schedule can be met. Which of the following will BEST help to determine IT's ability to meet this need? ï· A. Conducting a resource gap assessment ï· B. Defining business benefits realization metrics ï· C. Reviewing the resource management policy ï· D. Developing a target state enterprise architecture Answer: B Question #151 Which of the following should be the MOST important consideration when designing an implementation plan for IT governance? ï· A. Roles and responsibilities ï· B. Risk tolerance levels ï· C. Organization culture ï· D. Principle and policies Answer: A Question #152 Once the strategic vision has been established, which of the following would be the BEST activity for supporting the implementation of performance measures? ï· A. Document policy requirements. ï· B. Document strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. ï· C. Identify key performance indicators (KPIs). ï· D. Monitor service level performance. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #153 Which of the following is MOST critical for the successful implementation of an IT process? ï· A. Objectives and metrics ï· B. IT process assessment ï· C. Process framework ï· D. Service delivery process model Answer: C Question #154 An enterprise has made a decision to move some business applications to the public cloud despite being very new to the cloud environment. What is MOST important for the CIO to do to help ensure the success of this initiative? ï· A. Review the vendor management framework. ï· B. Request a right-to-audit clause in the provider contract. ï· C. Require a vulnerability and threat assessment. ï· D. Ensure the cloud provider complies with international standards. Answer: D Question #155 Which of the following is the PRIMARY role of an enterprise architecture? ï· A. Improves transparency and compliance ï· B. Provides a visual perspective of information systems ï· C. Improves interoperability and scalability ï· D. Ensures continuous innovation Answer: A Question #156 When conducting a risk assessment in support of a new regulatory requirement, the IT risk committee should FIRST consider the: ï· A. cost burden to achieve compliance. ï· B. disruption to normal business operations. ï· C. readiness of IT systems to address the risk. ï· D. risk profile of the enterprise. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: D Question #157 An enterprise is planning to migrate its IT infrastructure to a cloud-based solution but does not have experience with this technology. Which of the following should be done FIRST to reduce the risk of IT service disruptions when using this new technology? ï· A. Evaluate the sourcing options. ï· B. Reflect the change in the enterprise architecture (EA). ï· C. Implement key performance indicators (KPIs). ï· D. Engage an experienced IT consultant to perform the migration. Answer: C Question #158 Which of the following BEST reflects mature risk management in an enterprise? ï· A. A regularly updated risk register ï· B. Responsive risk awareness culture ï· C. Ongoing risk assessment ï· D. Ongoing investment in risk mitigation Answer: C Question #159 An IT strategy committee wants to evaluate how well the IT department supports the business strategy. Which of the following is the BEST method for making this determination? ï· A. Capability maturity assessment ï· B. IT balanced scorecard reporting ï· C. IT controls assurance program ï· D. Customer survey analysis Answer: A Question #160 From a governance perspective, which of the following is MOST important to enhance in an enterprise undergoing rapid development of a cloud technology? ï· A. Change management processes to capture organizational and project changes. ï· B. Data restructuring plan to ensure the architecture supports future changes. ï· C. IT project dashboard reporting to capture new risk, threats, and scenarios. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Configuration management processes to ensure availability goals are maintained. Answer: D Question #161 A regulatory audit of an IT department has identified discrepancies between processes described in the procedures and what is actually done by system administrators. The discrepancies were caused by recent IT application changes. Which of the following would be the BEST way to prevent the recurrence of similar findings in the future? ï· A. Include the update of documentation within the change management framework. ï· B. Assign the responsibility for periodic revisions and changes to process owners. ï· C. Require each IT employee to confirm compliance with IT procedures on an annual basis. ï· D. Establish high-level procedures to minimize process changes. Answer: B Question #162 Which of the following is the MOST important input for designing a development program to help IT employees improve their ability to respond to business needs? ï· A. Skills competency assessment ï· B. Cost-benefit analysis ï· C. Annual performance evaluations ï· D. Capability maturity model Answer: A Question #163 The accountability for a business continuity program for business-critical systems is BEST assigned to the: ï· A. director of internal audit, ï· B. enterprise risk manager. ï· C. chief information officer. ï· D. chief executive officer. Answer: C Question #164 Which of the following should occur FIRST in the IT investment process? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Analyze the risks and benefits of the investment for each IT project. ï· B. Assess each project's impact on the enterprise's investment plan. ï· C. Select IT projects that will best support the enterprise's mission. ï· D. Analyze IT investments based on past data. Answer: B Question #165 To ensure IT risk is managed in a consistent manner, it is MOST important for IT governance to establish a: ï· A. risk management reporting tool to ensure compliance. ï· B. balanced scorecard that includes IT risks. ï· C. risk management committee to identify IT-related risks. ï· D. risk management framework. Answer: C Question #166 An independent consultant has been hired to conduct an ad hoc audit of an enterprise's information security office with results reported to the IT governance committee and the board. Which of the following is MOST important to provide to the consultant before the audit begins? ï· A. The scope and stakeholders of the audit ï· B. The organizational structure of the security office ï· C. The polices and framework used by the security office ï· D. Acceptance of the audit risks and opportunities Answer: A Question #167 The PRIMARY reason for using quantitative criteria in developing business cases for IT projects is to: ï· A. benchmark project success with similar enterprises. ï· B. learn lessons from errors made in past projects. ï· C. improve the process of evaluating returns after implementation. ï· D. apply other corporate standards to the development project. Answer: C Question #168 A CIO is planning to implement an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system at the request of the business. Of the following, who is accountable for providing sponsorship for the IT-enabled change across the enterprise? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. CIO ï· B. CEO ï· C. IT strategy committee ï· D. Human resource director Answer: C Question #169 Which of the following would a CIO use to present the overall view of IT performance to the board of directors? ï· A. Maturity model ï· B. Balanced scorecard ï· C. Key performance indicators (KPIs) ï· D. Key risk indicators (KRIS) Answer: A Question #170 An enterprise wants to implement an IT governance framework to ensure enterprise expectations of IT are met. Which of the following would be the MOST beneficial outcome of implementing the framework? ï· A. Optimization of IT performance ï· B. Development of IT policies ï· C. Creation of an IT balanced scorecard ï· D. Establishment of key IT risk indicators Answer: D Question #171 The PRIMARY reason for implementing an IT governance program in an enterprise is to: ï· A. comply with regulatory requirements. ï· B. balance the demand for information and the ability to deliver. ï· C. decrease the scale of investment in information systems due to budgetary controls. ï· D. reduce risks due to improved compensating controls. Answer: B Question #172 To help ensure that an IT dashboard effectively conveys the current state of IT to senior management, which of the following is MOST important to establish? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Key performance indicators (KPIs) ï· B. Emerging threat analysis reporting ï· C. An IT risk awareness program ï· D. IT spend against budget Answer: A Question #173 An enterprise has a zero-tolerance policy regarding security. This policy is causing a large number of email attachments to be blocked and is a disruption to the enterprise. Which of the following should be the FIRST governance step to address this email issue? ï· A. Obtain senior management input based on identified risk. ï· B. Direct the development of an email usage policy. ï· C. Recommend business sign-off on the zero-tolerance policy. ï· D. Introduce an exception process. Answer: B Question #174 Which of the following is a CIO's BEST approach to ensure IT executes against an approved strategy? ï· A. Request IT senior leaders to collectively plan tactics for execution. ï· B. Ask project management to define the IT activities for accomplishing the strategy. ï· C. Provide specific direction for execution of the tasks across IT. ï· D. Have IT leaders independently develop goals for their teams. Answer: B Question #175 Which of the following is the MOST important outcome of a formal, documented IT policy? ï· A. Alignment with IT service management ï· B. Communication of IT management intent ï· C. Mapping of business objectives ï· D. Resource optimization for enterprise initiatives Answer: C Question #176 Senior management is concerned about an increase in cybersecurity risk to the enterprise. Which of the following would be MOST helpful in establishing an early warning system to determine which potential threats should be escalated to senior management? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Agreed-upon risk thresholds ï· B. A risk appetite statement ï· C. Key performance indicators (KPIs) ï· D. Patch management logs Answer: A Question #177 An enterprise learns that a new privacy regulation was recently published to protect customers in the event of a breach involving personally identifiable information (PII). The IT risk management team's FIRST course of action should be to: ï· A. evaluate the risk appetite for the new regulation. ï· B. determine if the new regulation introduces new risk. ï· C. assign a risk owner for the new regulation. ï· D. define the risk tolerance for the new regulation. Answer: C Question #178 When designing an IT governance framework, the PRIMARY consideration should be to: ï· A. comply with external monitoring standards. ï· B. ensure stakeholders receive value from IT. ï· C. require cost-benefit analysis before implementing controls. ï· D. benchmark controls against industry best practices. Answer: C Question #179 The PRIMARY objective of IT resource planning within an enterprise should be to: ï· A. maximize value received from IT. ï· B. determine risk associated with IT resources. ï· C. determine IT outsourcing options. ï· D. finalize service level agreements for IT. Answer: A Question #180 A global enterprise is experiencing an economic downturn and is rapidly losing market share. IT senior management is reassessing the core activities of the business, including IT, and the associated resource implications. Management https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! has decided to focus on its local market and to close international operations. A critical issue from a resource management perspective is to retain the most capable staff. This is BEST achieved by: ï· A. reviewing current goals-based performance appraisals across the enterprise. ï· B. retaining capable staff exclusively from the local market. ï· C. ranking employees across the enterprise based on length of service. ï· D. ranking employees across the enterprise based on their compensation. Answer: C Question #181 An enterprise developed a new e-business web application designed to broaden its sales base. Internal project management guidelines were followed, but indicators for key goals were not established. Which of the following should be the MAIN concern of the IT steering committee? ï· A. It may be difficult to align IT objectives with performance. ï· B. Benefits realization may not be properly assessed. ï· C. Resources may not be optimally utilized. ï· D. Return on investment may be difficult to evaluate. Answer: B Question #182 An IT security team identified a significant weakness in the enterprise's Internet-facing infrastructure. The exposure requires immediate corrective action that is both cost and resource intensive. Which of the following is the MAIN reason why accountability for this risk should be assigned to the board of directors? ï· A. The exploit can cause serious disruptions to the enterprise's reputation and profitability. ï· B. The board should be aware of risks concerning organizational operations. ï· C. Risk ownership at the highest level will ensure risk awareness throughout the enterprise. ï· D. The IT organization cannot take ownership for self-identified risks concerning infrastructure security. Answer: C Question #183 Which of the following would be the BEST way for a CIO to assess the consistency of IT processes against industry benchmarks to determine where to focus improvement initiatives? https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· A. Utilizing a capability maturity model ï· B. Reviewing key performance measures ï· C. Reviewing IT process audit results ï· D. Evaluating the current balanced scorecard Answer: C Question #184 An organization requires updates to their IT infrastructure to meet business needs. Which of the following will provide the MOST useful information when planning for the necessary IT investments? ï· A. Audit findings ï· B. Business user satisfaction metrics ï· C. Enterprise architecture ï· D. Risk assessment report Answer: A Question #185 As part of the implementation of IT governance, the board of an enterprise should establish an IT strategy committee to: ï· A. ensure IT risks inherent in the enterprise strategy implementation are managed. ï· B. drive IT strategy development and take responsibility for implementing the IT strategy. ï· C. assume governance accountability for the business strategy on behalf of the board. ï· D. provide input to and ensure alignment of the enterprise and IT strategies. Answer: C Question #186 A root-cause analysis indicates a major service disruption due to a lack of competency of newly-hired IT system administrators. Who should be accountable for resolving the situation? ï· A. HR training director ï· B. Chief information officer ï· C. HR recruitment manager ï· D. Business process owner Answer: C Question #187 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An IT team is having difficulty meeting new demands placed on the department as a result of a major and radical shift in enterprise business strategy. Which of the following the CIO's BEST course of action to address this situation? ï· A. Review the current IT strategy. ï· B. Utilize third parties for non-value-added processes. ï· C. Align the business strategy with the IT strategy. ï· D. Review the IT risk appetite. Answer: C Question #188 Which of the following would BEST help to ensure an IT steering committee is informed of newly emerging risks in critical IT projects? ï· A. Requiring regular updates of the risk register for each project ï· B. Requiring a summarized report of relevant risks ï· C. Reviewing the response for each risk in the log ï· D. Conducting periodic reviews of project performance Answer: A Question #189 Which of the following MOST effectively demonstrates operational readiness to address information security risk issues? ï· A. Executive management has announced an information security risk initiative. ï· B. Procedures have been established for assessing and mitigating information security risks. ï· C. IT management has communicated the need for information security risk management to the business. ï· D. A policy has been communicated stating enterprise commitment and readiness to address information security risk. Answer: B Question #190 Which of the following should be the CIO's GREATEST consideration when making changes to the IT strategy? ï· A. Have key stakeholders been consulted? ï· B. Have IT risk metrics been adjusted? ï· C. Has the investment portfolio been revised? ï· D. Has the impact to the enterprise architecture been assessed? Answer: C https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #191 Senior management wants to promote investment in IT, but is uncertain that associated risks are being properly identified. The BEST way to address this concern is to: ï· A. ensure business cases are developed by IT. ï· B. engage an external consultant to develop risk scenarios. ï· C. assign an IT cost controller to the finance department. ï· D. appoint an IT representative to the business risk committee. Answer: D Question #192 An enterprise is contracting with an outsourcing partner for a long-term engagement. The BEST time for the enterprise to plan for the event of contract termination: ï· A. developing the initial contract. ï· B. either party decides to terminate the contract. ï· C. issues surface in the contractual relationship. ï· D. planning for the contract as part of business continuity. Answer: C Question #193 The MOST important aspect of an IT governance framework to ensure that IT supports repeatable business processes is: ï· A. resource management. ï· B. quality management. ï· C. risk management. ï· D. earned value management. Answer: B Question #194 Which of the following would be the MOST effective way to ensure IT capabilities are appropriately aligned with business requirements for specific business processes? ï· A. Issuing a management mandate that IT and business process stakeholders work together ï· B. Requiring architecture and design reviews with business process stakeholders ï· C. Establishing key performance indicators (KPIs) ï· D. Requiring internal IT architecture and design reviews https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: B Question #195 For the first time, the procurement department has requested that IT grant remote access to third-party suppliers. Which of the following is the BEST course of action for IT in responding to the request? ï· A. Analyze risks and propose a solution. ï· B. Implement a remote access architecture. ï· C. Develop a remote access policy. ï· D. Issue log-on credentials to third-party suppliers. Answer: A Question #196 Which of the following would BEST help to improve an enterprise's ability to manage large IT investment projects? ï· A. Reviewing and evaluating existing business cases ï· B. Creating a change management board ï· C. Publishing the IT approval process online for wider scrutiny ï· D. Implementing a review and approval process for each phase Answer: C Question #197 Which of the following is the BEST approach to assist an enterprise in planning for IT-enabled investments? ï· A. Enterprise architecture ï· B. Service level management ï· C. Task management ï· D. IT process mapping Answer: D Question #198 To measure the value of IT-enabled investments, an enterprise needs to identify its drivers as defined by its: ï· A. value statements. ï· B. service level agreements (SLAs). ï· C. business strategy. ï· D. technology strategy. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #199 Which of the following is the BEST way to address concerns associated with outsourcing an IT process? ï· A. Implement a business continuity plan. ï· B. Perform a risk assessment. ï· C. Review the IT governance framework. ï· D. Manage service levels. Answer: D Question #200 A CIO has recently been made aware of a new regulatory requirement which may affect IT-enabled business activities. Which of the following should be the CIO's FIRST step in deciding the appropriate response to the new requirement? ï· A. Consult with legal and risk experts to understand the requirements. ï· B. Confirm there are adequate resources to mitigate compliance requirements. ï· C. Consult with the board for guidance on the new requirement. ï· D. Revise initiatives that are active to reflect the new requirements. Answer: B Question #201 The risk committee is overwhelmed by the number of false positives included in risk reports. What action would BEST address this situation? ï· A. Evaluate key risk indicators. ï· B. Adjust IT balanced scorecard. ï· C. Conduct a risk assessment. ï· D. Change the reporting format. Answer: C Question #202 An enterprise has recently experienced an excessive number of exceptions due to outdated control frameworks. What should the leadership team do FIRST? ï· A. Mandate a reassessment of the current control frameworks. ï· B. Review the IT control standards. ï· C. Mandate strict adherence to control frameworks. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· D. Update the exception review and approval process. Answer: B Question #203 In an effort to reduce operation costs, an enterprise is switching from all internally-hosted applications to a mixture of internally- and externally-hosted applications. Of the following, the risk appetite for this decision would BEST be defined by the: ï· A. vendor oversight committee. ï· B. board of directors. ï· C. chief information security officer. ï· D. chief information officer. Answer: C Question #204 IT senior management has just received a survey report indicating that more than one third of the organization's key IT staff plan to retire within the next 12 months. Which of the following is the MOST important governance action to prepare for this possibility? ï· A. Request the development of a succession plan. ï· B. Engage HR for recruitment of new staff. ï· C. Evaluate lower-level staff as succession candidates. ï· D. Review motivation drivers for key IT staff. Answer: C Question #205 A CEO of a large enterprise is concerned that risk events are not regularly addressed at the C-suite level unless related to emergency incidents. Which of the following is the BEST way for the CEO to ensure risk events are given sufficient time and attention? ï· A. Instruct managers to take ownership for their department's identified risks. ï· B. Issue performance objectives that target the elimination of enterprise risks. ï· C. Include the of key enterprise risk as an agenda item at board meetings. ï· D. Require the development of a risk procedure on how to capture risks. Answer: C Question #206 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An enterprise is assessing whether to utilize wearable technology. The enterprise has no prior experience with this technology and has asked the chief technology officer (CTO) to assess the impact to the enterprise. The CTO should FIRST: ï· A. prioritize wearable technology risk. ï· B. understand the enterprise's risk tolerance. ï· C. map the business goals to IT risk processes. ï· D. create an IT risk scorecard. Answer: B Question #207 An enterprise has an overarching enterprise architecture document. The CIO is concerned that EA is not leveraged in recent IT-enabled investments. Which of the following would BEST help to address these concerns and enforce the leveraging of enterprise architecture? ï· A. Require enterprise architecture review at key milestones. ï· B. Publish and train on the enterprise architecture document. ï· C. Form a team to update enterprise architecture regularly. ï· D. Adopt a globally-recognized enterprise architecture framework. Answer: B Question #208 After performing a gap analysis of IT risks and controls capability, the MOST important consideration for the associated risk responses is that they are: ï· A. added to the IT balanced scorecard. ï· B. approved by executive management. ï· C. assessed for severity of impact. ï· D. submitted to the audit committee. Answer: C Question #209 A new CEO is made aware of a lack of cooperation between IT and business units and needs to take action to enable more efficient IT delivery of solutions to support the business. What should be the FIRST step to address this concern? ï· A. Introduce IT related key performance indicators (KPIs). ï· B. Establish business user group training for increased collaboration. ï· C. Clarify roles and assign accountabilities for results. ï· D. Implement a continuous auditing policy for IT initiatives. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: C Question #210 An IT steering committee is presented with an audit finding that new software applications are delivered on time but consistently have unacceptable levels of defects. Which of the following would be the BEST direction from the committee? ï· A. Establish code peer reviews. ï· B. Evaluate the change management process. ï· C. Implement performance indicators. ï· D. Evaluate the quality assurance process. Answer: D Question #211 Which of the following is the BEST indicator of the effectiveness of IT governance in an enterprise? ï· A. Project delivery ï· B. Value delivery ï· C. Residual risk ï· D. Resource utilization Answer: B Question #212 Which of the following would be the BEST way for a CIO to enhance security risk management alignment between IT and business? ï· A. Facilitate joint workshops for IT and the business on risk assessment techniques. ï· B. Analyze benchmark reports to understand the organization's security investments against competitors. ï· C. Establish a process in which IT and the business collaborate on risk assessment and mitigation prioritization. ï· D. Perform a trend analysis based on security investment levels and business initiatives. Answer: C Question #213 An IT steering committee is concerned that enterprise technologies have grown stagnant and are outdated. Which of the following is the BEST strategy to invest in modem technology? ï· A. Redefine the target architecture to define new technologies that can be incorporated into the infrastructure. ï· B. Create a new investment category for innovation that becomes a new way for tracking investment decisions/ https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· C. Update the IT human resource management plan to requite training and development for emerging technologies. ï· D. Decrease spending on steady state and increase spending on modernization and enhancements. Answer: A Question #214 An enterprise makes an acquisition of a similar entity offering related services. A consequence of the acquisition is a reduction of IT workforce. When addressing human resource allocation, the MOST important IT governance consideration is to: ï· A. manage organizational change. ï· B. assess 7 skill sets. ï· C. monitor team expenditures. ï· D. cross-train IT resources. Answer: D Question #215 An enterprise's board of directors has asked the CIO to implement ways to make the IT function more environmentally responsible. Which of the following should be the CIO's FIRST step to ensure continued alignment of IT needs with the requirements of the board? ï· A. Create a staff awareness education plan focused on IT environmental responsibility. ï· B. Incorporate new environmentally responsible objectives into existing IT goals. ï· C. Assess potential environmentally responsible IT initiatives. ï· D. Write a business case for an environmentally responsible initiative for IT. Answer: A Question #216 An enterprise has an ongoing issue of corporate applications not delivering the expected benefits due to missing key functionality. As a result, many groups are using spreadsheets and databases instead of approved enterprise applications to store and manipulate information. Which of the following will BEST improve the success rate of future IT initiatives? ï· A. Engage the business user community in acceptance testing of acquired applications. ï· B. Prohibit the use of non-approved alternate software solutions. ï· C. Establish a process for risk and value management. ï· D. Engage stakeholders to identify and validate business requirements. Answer: D Question #217 https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! An IT strategy committee has reviewed an audit report indicating sales employees are using personal smartphones to conduct corporate business. Although the committee appreciates the business benefits, it is also concerned with the security risk. To deliver the business benefit, the committee's FIRST recommendation should be to: ï· A. update the corporate security policy to include personal devices. ï· B. document procedures for securing personal devices. ï· C. improve training courses on securing corporate information. ï· D. perform a risk assessment on personal device data protection. Answer: D Question #218 Which of the following is the BEST way to implement effective IT risk management? ï· A. Minimize the number of IT risk management decision points. ï· B. Adopt risk management processes. ï· C. Establish a risk management function. ï· D. Align with business risk management processes. Answer: B Question #219 Which of the following characteristics would BEST indicate that an IT process is a good candidate for outsourcing? ï· A. Operational processes that are well-defined ï· B. Non-strategic processes that are not documented ï· C. Strategic processes that require expert professionals ï· D. Processes with higher risk to the enterprise Answer: B Question #220 Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of an effective set of key risk indicators (KRIs)? ï· A. Identifying possible future adverse impacts on the enterprise ï· B. Evaluating existing technology for risk monitoring capabilities ï· C. Establishing executive level buy-in of the risk program ï· D. Quantifying the productivity of the risk management team Answer: C https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Question #221 A large bank has completed several acquisitions in the last few years that have resulted in redundant IT applications. To align with the strategic initiative of providing integrated services to customers, the IT steering committee has decided to share data and integrate applications. Which of the following would be MOST important to review in this situation? ï· A. IT risk register ï· B. Balanced scorecard measures ï· C. Enterprise architecture ï· D. IT strategic plan Answer: C Question #222 To evaluate IT resource management, it is MOST important to define: ï· A. principles for the IT strategy. ï· B. responsibilities for executing resource management. ï· C. applicable key goals. ï· D. IT resource utilization reporting procedures. Answer: B Question #223 Which of the following is the MOST effective measure to assist in the evaluation of IT value delivery? ï· A. Actual benefits derived from the achievement of business objectives ï· B. Increase in user productivity ï· C. Trends in service capacity and availability metrics ï· D. Increase in customer satisfaction survey results Answer: A Question #224 Which of the following will BEST help to ensure that the governance of enterprise IT is consistently executed? ï· A. Regular review of IT policies and procedures ï· B. Defined key risk indicators ï· C. Established and monitored IT management processes ï· D. Experienced and skilled IT leadership https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Answer: A Question #225 The BEST time to identify metrics to measure the performance of an IT-enabled investment is during: ï· A. investment feasibility analysis. ï· B. system implementation. ï· C. project initiation. ï· D. business case development. Answer: D Question #226 An enterprise is concerned that ongoing maintenance costs are not being considered when prioritizing IT-enabled business investments. Which of the following should be the enterprise's FIRST course of action? ï· A. Require business cases to have product life cycle information. ï· B. Establish a portfolio manager role to monitor and control the IT projects. ï· C. Mandate an enterprise architecture review with business stakeholders. ï· D. Implement a balanced scorecard for the IT project portfolio. Answer: C Question #227 The IT program manager does not see the value of conducting risk assessments for a new major IT project. The manager is reluctant to cooperate with internal auditors and the newly formed steering committee. Midway through the project, program requirements were changed because the CEO is a friend of a vendor and wants to implement this vendor's new technology. This decision will cause the current IT program budget to be insufficient and will be shown as overspending, After the requirement change request, the IT program manager should FIRST: ï· A. report the matter to internal audit as a program deviation to be reviewed. ï· B. obtain confirmation from the business and a decision by the steering committee. ï· C. align IT with the business and agree to the business request. ï· D. request additional funding from the business owner to cover the additional scope. Answer: B Question #228 A business unit within an enterprise has directly contracted with a cloud service provider to process sensitive customer information. The CIO later identifies a serious risk of potential data compromise due to the vendor's insufficient segregation of environments and lack of strong access controls. The FIRST course of action should be to: ï· A. immediately suspend sending of data to the cloud service provider. https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! ï· B. notify internal audit of the risk. ï· C. discuss the risk with the vendor to determine mitigation actions. ï· D. inform the business process owner of the risk. Answer: B Question #229 Which of the following would BEST align an enterprise's IT investments with its strategic objectives? ï· A. High process maturity score ï· B. IT budget and financial statements ï· C. Control self-assessment ï· D. Portfolio management Answer: A Question #230 To ensure that the process of developing a business case for IT-enabled investments continually supports benefits realization, the benefits expected from investment programs must be actively managed through: ï· A. the system development life cycle. ï· B. the economic life cycle. ï· C. obsolescence planning. ï· D. project life cycle. Answer: A https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! https://itexamcertified.com Passing Gauranteed! Received: 26 November 2019 Revised: 10 January 2020 Accepted: 19 January 2020 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13005 PEDIATRICS/PHYSIOLOGY Adipokines: A gear shift in puberty DesirĂ©e Nieuwenhuis | NatĂ lia Pujol-Gualdo Amanda J. Kiliaan Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Correspondence Amanda J. Kiliaan, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 21N 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Email: amanda.kiliaan@radboudumc.nl Funding information Europees Fonds voor Regionale Ontwikkeling (EFRO), Grant/Award Number: BriteN 2016 1 | INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity in adolescents and children is increasing in | Ilse A.C. Arnoldussen | Summary In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines in the onset of puberty in children with obesity during adrenarche and gonadarche and provide a clear and detailed overview of the biological processes of two major players, leptin and adiponectin. Adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, seem to induce an early onset of puberty in girls and boys with obesity by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis. Moreover, adipokines and their receptors are expressed in the gonads, suggesting a role in sexual maturation and reproduction. All in all, adipokines may be a clue in understanding mechanisms underlying the onset of puberty in child- hood obesity and puberty onset variability. KEYWORDS adipokines, obesity, puberty 1,2 the age of 5 years were overweight or were with obesity in 2016, and 3 Obesity is defined by an excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), and it is often indicated by a body mass index (BMI) 4 above 30. Two main types of adipose tissue were described: WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which differ in morphology and func- 5-7 Ilse A.C. Arnoldussen and Amanda J. Kiliaan contributed equally to this work. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation Obesity Reviews. 2020;21:e13005. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/obr 1 of 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13005 alarming rates. Specifically, worldwide, 41 million children below this number is expected to increase to 70 million in 2025. obesity is associated with various severe health complications, includ- ing increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, heart dis- eases, and disturbances in sex hormone levels. 5,6 and mitochondria and plays a role in thermogenesis. Adipocytes in tion. BAT consists of adipocytes containing multiple lipid droplets WAT contain only a few mitochondria and a single lipid droplet. Adipose tissue has several functions including the storage of energy, thermogenesis, and the production and secretion of adipokines Generally, two physiological processes, adrenarche and gonadarche, 11,24 Childhood 5,7,8 a key role in puberty onset. Puberty is known as a period through which the body changes physically, being a physiological process resulting in the maturation of children, i.e. they develop sexual characteristics and obtain reproduc- 9,11 Adipokines are involved in a number of physiological processes including blood pressure, metabo- lism, glucose, and vascular homeostasis and may play amongst others 8-10 (hormones, cytokines, and peptides). tive functions. between obesity and puberty,2,12-23 the biological mechanisms under- lying obesity and puberty onset remain unclear. Hereafter, we review in detail the role of adipokines in the onset of puberty in childhood obesity. Although many studies have shown associations 2 | INITIATION OF PUBERTY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE interact to regulate the onset of puberty. During adrenarche, the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones (including 2 of 10 NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, and cortisol), insulin-like growth factor, and growth hormone, which contribute to the pubertal insights on new genetic loci (e.g. melanocortin-4 receptor, mitochon- drial carrier 2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 13) and on sev- eral pathways that regulate the timing of puberty; however, it partly 34 9,24,25 Both adrenarche and gonadarche are involved in the development growth spurt, body odor, skin oiliness, and skeletal maturation. explains puberty timing variation. Thereby, defining the role of 25 adipokines is of importance in elucidating the variability in puberty as the expression of adipokines is sex-specific and is altered with body composition, adiposity, and during growth spurts. Moreover, adipokines and their receptors are expressed in gonads and several brain regions suggesting involvement in the onset of puberty and sex- ual maturation. Lastly, adipokines interfere in processes regulating timing and duration of puberty, for instance in the HPA and HPG axes which are both key players during adrenarche and gonadarche. Involvement of adipokines in the onset of puberty and specifically in individuals with obesity will be further reviewed in the next 2,24 3 | Puberty onset in girls is assessed using different markers, such as thelarche (breast development), menarche (the start of of pubic hair. pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is activated,2,26 and several hormones have been identified to participate in the activation of the HPG axis During gonadarche (Figure 1), the hypothalamic- 2,27 Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin are released by specialized including kisspeptin, neurokinin B, dynorphin, leptin, and ghrelin. 28 key regulator of the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing neurons, the KNDy neurons in the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin is a 29,30 B stimulates, and dynorphin inhibits the release of kisspeptin, which hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In addition, neurokinin implies that both coordinate a pulsatile release of kisspeptin. 31 Sub- sections. sequently, the activated HPG axis induces the pituitary gland to secrete luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). As a result, gametogenesis occurs, and the gonads will release sex hormones. Consequently, secondary sex characteristics develop including breast development in girls and an increased testicular vol- 2,26,32 is possibly due to differences in levels of body fat, hypothalamic-pitui- THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN GIRLS ume in boys. The age at puberty onset varies greatly among individuals, which 19 35 menstruation), and pubic hair development. 33 genome-wide association studies have provided important new tary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and genetic background. Recent The average age of However, this age differs between cultures and ethnicities, and since 1980, age at menarche is girls at start of menarche is 12.4 years. 36 significantly decreasing. 36-39 F I G U R E 1 Hormonal regulation in the initiation of puberty in boys and girls. The secretion of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin from KNDy neurons initiate the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This activates the pituitary gland to produce and secrete luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn stimulate the gonads to produce estrogen and testosterone in girls and boys, respectively 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 3 of 10 T A B L E 1 Summary of included studies Authors Year Country Study Design Primary Outcome Sex Sample Size (n) Age (y) Data Collection Lian et al21 2019 China Cross-sectional Puberty starts earlier in Chinese Han girls with obesity compared with Chinese Han girls with normal weight. Girls 2996 9-19 2012 and 2013 Biro et al12 Lazzeri et al20 2018 USA 2018 Italy Longitudinal Cross-sectional Body mass index had a greater effect on age at menarche than did race and ethnicity. Girls 946 6-16 2004-2014 Li et al23 2018 China Longitudinal For both, boys and girls, a higher BMI (ie, overweight and obese) is associated with earlier onset of puberty Girls Girls Boys Girls 542 Deng et al22 Flom et al15 2017 China Cross-sectional Increased BMI is associated with early timing spermarche and menarche. Boys Girls Girls 1278258 9-15 2005-2012 He et al24 Holmgren et al17 2017 China 2017 Sweden Cross-sectional Longitudinal Onset of puberty is not related to obesity in boys. Boys Boys Girls Girls 782 7-17 972 929 5839 Kelly et al19 2017 UK 2016 Brazil 2016 USA Longitudinal prospective cohort Higher BMI in girls is associated with the onset of menstruation at an earlier age. 11 10-18 11-17 Barcellos Gemelli et al25 Cross-sectional Longitudinal Excess weight is associated with early age of menarche. Girls 727 2014 2003-2009 Glass et al16 Lee et al26 In girls, but not in boys, greater adiposity is associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Boys Girls 135 Cabrera et al27 Leonibus et al14 2014 USA 2013 Italy Cross-sectional Longitudinal Thelarche occurred earlier than recently reported, while age of menarche remained unchanged. Girls 610 3-17.9 2007 2005-2012 Currie et al13 2012 Europe, USA, Canada Cross-sectional Overweight/obesity during childhood predicts the early onset of puberty in girls. Girls 20410 11, 13, 15 2005-2006 2017 USA Prospective birth cohort Overweight/obese status at the age of 7 ye was associated with increased risk of early menarche 788 From birth to menarche occurred Pregnancies 1959-1966 2016 USA Cross-sectional Boys with overweight enter puberty earlier compared with boys with normal weight or obesity, while puberty starts later in boys with obesity compared with boys with normal weight and overweight. Boys 3872 6-16 2005-2010 Overweight during childhood shows a relation with the early onset of puberty in girls. 6535 4259 695 11 15 5.8-12.2 2009/2010 2013/2014 2014-2017 Higher BMI during childhood is associated with early puberty. 2008 and 2009 2000-2002 Obesity during childhood is related to the earlier onset of puberty. Boys Girls 84 123 71 (Continues) 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 4 of 10 NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 3.1 | Fat storage For the initiation of puberty, the timing of stimulation and/or inhibi- tion of different hormones is important, and additionally, a certain amount and distribution of body fat is needed in order to start menar- che, which emphasizes the importance of body fat. From an evolution- ary point of view, body fat increases in mammalian females during puberty onset, and it highlights the need to guarantee a healthy preg- 40 women with anorexia nervosa. particularly body fat localized predominantly on the gluteofemoral fat depots, is profoundly associated with start of menarche, more than nancy, offspring, and maternal survival. fat, sex-hormones, and neuroendocrine alterations can evolve in men- strual dysfunction, for instance, in women with severe obesity or in 41-43 44-46 to gluteofemoral fat depots suggesting that leptin may convey infor- amount of total body fat. mation on body fat distribution to the hypothalamus during puberty. An improper level of body Importantly, body fat distribution, Blood leptin levels are strongly related 45 3.2 | HPG axis The HPG axis is activated by the release of kisspeptin resulting in the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, and LH and FSH from the pituitary gland. In girls, FSH is involved in the development of the folli- cles in the ovaries, and it promotes the secretion of estrogen. LH stim- ulates the production of androgen hormones and induces ovulation 48 9,47 the release of kisspeptin and neurokinin B, and kisspeptin thereby (Figure 1). The secretion of estrogen has an inhibitory effect on inhibits the GnRH release from the hypothalamus. pattern of GnRH is important for the regulation of the menstrual cycle. This roughly 28-day-cycle comprises several phases, including the follicular phase and luteal phase. During the follicular phase, increasing levels of FSH stimulate the maturation of follicles and the production of estrogen from the ovaries. This in turn inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland. A high level of estrogen will induce the production of LH by the pituitary gland, resulting in ovula- tion. The matured follicle secretes progesterone thereby inhibiting the release of GnRH. When the corpus luteum is demolished, there is less 48 3.3 | Adipokines According to results from studies reported in Table 1, girls with obe- sity enter puberty earlier compared with girls with normal higher leptin concentrations inhibit the intake of food and increases inhibition of GnRH. As a consequence, the cycle will start again. whole process, starting from the activated HPG axis, results in the development of the secondary sex characteristics in girls including 9,47 thelarche and menarche. 13,14,16-23,49-51 weight. these girls might be found in the secretion of adipokines. For instance, leptin is positively associated with the amount of body fat. Generally, energy expenditure. 9,52-54 An explanation for the early onset of puberty in The expression This TABLE 1 (Continued) Authors Year Country Study Design Primary Outcome Sample Sex Size (n) Age (y) Data Collection Herman-Giddens et al28 2012 USA Cross-sectional Observed mean ages of beginning genital and pubic hair growth and early testicular volumes were earlier than in past studies, depending on the characteristic and race/ethnicity. Boys 4131 6-16 2005-2010 Sorensen et al29 Aksglaede et al30 2010 2009 Denmark Denmark Cross-sectional/longitudinal Longitudinal Puberty onset at earlier ages was associated with an increased BMI in boys. Boys 1528 5.8-19.9 1991-1993/2006-2008 1930-1969 Juul et al31 Ribeiro et al32 2007 2006 Denmark Portugal Retrospective cohort Cross-sectional Higher BMI is associated with early voice break. 11-15 10-15 1990-1999 Kaplowitz et al18 Abbreviation: BMI, body mass USA Cross-sectional The early onset of puberty in Caucasian girls is likely related to an increased BMI. 5-12 1992-1993 2001 index. The higher BMI in boys and girls at 7 y of age, the earlier they enter puberty. Boys 21 612 Girls 135 223 Boys 463 Boys 382 Girls 437 Girls 10 750 Early sexual maturation in boys and girls is associated with overweight. 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 5 of 10 Leptin may possibly play a role in adrenarche as its plasma level increases with higher levels of body fat and as it can modulate both girls. 33 ing adrenarche. In coherence, in children with obesity, the androgen These findings suggested that lower reproductive status was associated with higher total adiponectin concentrations and that a higher reproductive status was related to higher HMW adiponectin the HPA and HPG axes. These axes are functionally integrated dur- DHEAS was positively associated with leptin levels. Nevertheless, concentrations in girls. In addition, individuals with obesity often another study showed that enhanced adrenal androgen secretion in girls with premature adrenarche was not explained by leptin or BMI 55 ated with androgen levels in girls ; however, it was not related to levels. and IL-6. TNF-α alters, and IL-6 inhibits the expression of 56 8 In addition, the adipokine adiponectin was negatively associ- 57 differences of adiponectin seem to develop during the progression of 56 adiponectin (Figure 2). Thereby, a low level of total adiponectin and/or high levels of inflammatory cytokines in individuals with obe- sity can promote the onset of puberty. Many more adipokines are secreted by WAT including omentin, 52,65-67 9,36,62,68 adrenarche in girls with Prader-Willi syndrome. Interestingly, sex puberty. adrenarche; however, both are not required factors. Thus, leptin and adiponectin might be able to influence In gonadarche, leptin can stimulate the secretion of kisspeptin, and subsequently activation of the HPG axis, which eventually increases the expression of estrogen and androstenedione in the ova- 58 2,60 65-67 The expression of these ries (Figure 2). Ob gene in WAT, resulting in the synthesis and secretion of leptin. Thus, high levels of leptin promote onset of puberty in girls via secre- tion of kisspeptin, and estrogen stimulates leptin secretion addition- ally. Moreover, adiponectin can affect the HPG axis due to the expression of adiponectin receptors in the hypothalamus, pituitary In return, estrogen stimulates the expression of the 59 gland, and gonads. onset as it inhibits the secretion of kisspeptin and GnRH in the hypo- thalamus and the release of GH and LH in the pituitary gland, and 2,60-62 52,60 63 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Moreover, total adiponectin had negative correlations with progression of puberty in girls (defined by Tanner stages), whereas HMW adiponectin had FIGURE 2 Adipokinesaffectingthe initiation of puberty in girls. Leptin stimulates the release of kisspeptin in KNDy neurons, which activates the hypothalamus to produce gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). In response to the release of GnRH, the pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen resulting in the formation of secondary sex characteristics in girls. Estrogen stimulates the production of leptin. Adiponectin inhibits GnRH release resulting in reduced levels of GnRH and thereby a delayed onset of puberty. TNF- α and IL-6 inhibit the production of adiponectin and therefore stimulate the onset of puberty In detail, adiponectin is a regulator of puberty thereby inhibiting the onset of puberty (Figure 2). with obesity often have low levels of adiponectin. et al. showed that total adiponectin was significantly lower, whereas high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin was significantly higher in ment. 55 63 develop a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, which can be indi- cated by a high level of circulating inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α 64 Individuals Sitticharoon positive associations with LH levels and the progression of puberty in 63 visfatin, resistin, and chemerin. and visfatin are expressed in the ovaries. adipokines in the ovaries suggests a role within the reproductive sys- tem; however, the exact biological processes have to be examined. Thus, specifically leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines pro- duced by WAT could be permissive key players during an early onset of puberty in girls with obesity. As an exception, HMW adiponectin seems to have a stimulatory effect on peripheral repro- ductive function as HMW is not able to cross the blood brain 63 barrier. 4 | Markers that are used to assess puberty onset in boys are THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN BOYS spermarche, voice break, testicular volume, and pubic hair develop- 35 spermarche develop in the early stages of puberty onset, voice In women, omentin, chemerin, While pubic hair development, larger testicular volume, and 69 testicular volume increases, which occurs at an average age of break usually appears in later stages of puberty. Generally, first 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 6 of 10 NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 11.9 years, followed by the development of pubic hair at 12.2 years of average, and lastly, boys experience spermarche around an aver- 55 related with leptin levels. Thereby, leptin plausibly has a minor impact in adrenarche in boys. Since leptin receptors are found in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes, they might be involved in the onset of puberty by affecting the HPG axis during gonadarche. Leptin stimulates the release of kisspeptin and GnRH, and as a consequence, it accelerates the onset of puberty (Table 1, Figure 3). In contrast, adiponectin inhibits the secretion of GnRH, GH, LH, and FSH therewith delaying the onset of puberty. However, adiponectin levels are generally lower in men compared with women and even lower in men with obe- age age of 13.4 years. 70 4.1 | Fat storage Many aspects of the reproductive physiology are energetically demanding,71 and therefore, an adequate energy level is necessary. In boys, a dynamic change in body composition occurs around the age of 10 to 13 years, in which they gain approximately 40% of sity. culating inflammatory cytokines. levels can stimulate the HPG axis and therewith an early onset of puberty in boys. Nevertheless, leptin can inhibit the production of tes- 72 mostly consisting of lean mass, which causes exhaustion of most of fat. Subsequently, a growth spurt follows in which they gain tissue 72 in boys, an adequate amount of body fat is important in the onset of their body fat. These alterations in amount of body fat indicate that 4.2 | Puberty in boys is initiated by the release of kisspeptin. As mentioned before, this activates the HPG axis, resulting in the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, and consequently the release of LH and FSH 9,74 puberty. tosterone from the testes, to estrogen (Figure 3). of the development of secondary sex characteristics in boys. Additionally, leptin can affect fertility in men as it can modulate the nutritional support of spermatogenesis, and moreover, dysfunction of spermatogenesis is associated with an increased leptin level and 73 58 2,60-62 HPG axis from the pituitary gland (Figure 1). and LH stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the testes, which inhibits the release of kisspeptin from the KNDy neurons and 9,48 in men, the release of kisspeptin is more consistent, causing a con- 29,48 subsequently GnRH from the hypothalamus. receptors expressed on KNDy neurons. In humans, KNDy neurons Contrarily to women, LH-induced testosterone levels lead to the stant release of LH. development of secondary sex characteristics in boys. differences between sexes in kisspeptin release are related to a sex- specific and sex steroid-dependent kisspeptin system as estrogen and progesterone modulate kisspeptin activity through the sex-steroid 48 in the infundibular nucleus are involved in negative and positive sex- 48 tal exposure to sex steroids and result in sex-specific differences in steroid feedbacks. kisspeptin release. These sexual dimorphisms are induced by perina- 75,76 4.3 | Adipokines The association between obesity and puberty onset in boys is rather controversial compared with findings in girls. Most studies reported an early onset of puberty in boys associated with increased ate adipose tissue from actual breast tissue. stages are more difficult to assess than female stages as boys lack a more determined marker such as menarche. Thirdly, puberty onset can be indicated by the activation of the HPG axis, and the presence of these secondary sex characteristics is the result of hormonal 2 14,17,22,23,50,51,77,78 BMI, 20,49 all while others reported no associations at Current markers used 79 16,80 or a delayed onset of puberty (Table 1). The presence of excessive adipose tissue can be involved in puberty onset in boys as the secretion of adipokines can modulate both adrenarche and gonadarche. Leptin can affect adrenarche by modulating both the HPG and HPA axes,33 and moreover, androgen levels were positively 55 nal androgen secretion in boys with premature adrenarche was not associated with plasma leptin levels. Nevertheless, enhanced adre- 9 In more detail, 61,62 adiponectin, and individuals with obesity often have high levels of cir- Moreover, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6, inhibit expression of the leptin receptor in the testis. FSH induces spermatogenesis, too. function and role still have to be examined. 64 High leptin and low adiponectin and fat tissue can convert testosterone Both processes might result in the delay 29,61,79 81,82 In men, other adipokines like chemerin are found in the gonads 65 Thus, particularly high leptin and low adiponectin levels stimulate the HPG axis and thereby accelerate the onset of puberty in boys. Additionally, leptin can dysregulate the development of secondary sex characteristics and spermatogenesis by affecting testosterone levels and nutritional sup- port of spermatogenesis. 5 | LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Even though multiple epidemiological studies have shown the link between puberty onset and obesity, there are some important limita- tions. Firstly, determining both the onset and stage of puberty is rather difficult. For instance, assessing the stage of breast develop- ment in girls with obesity is complicated as clinicians should differenti- 2 changes in response to the activated HPG axis. to determine the onset of puberty refer to secondary sex characteris- tics, such as testicular volume in boys and breast development in girls. A more accurate measurement of puberty onset would be to combine secondary sex characteristics with plasma or serum hormone level measurements such as LH, FSH, adipokines, e.g. leptin. Thereby, differences in puberty measurements could explain variations in the age of puberty onset between boys and girls within different Thereby, resistin is expressed in the testes of rats, but its exact 83 Secondly, male pubertal 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 7 of 10 FIGURE 3 Adipokines affecting the initiation of puberty in boys. Leptin activates kisspeptin secretion in KNDy neurons, this activates the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), activating the production of testosterone from the testes allowing the development of secondary sex characteristics. Leptin also inhibits the production of testosterone, which may cause a delayed onset of puberty. Adiponectin inhibits GnRH release. Low levels of adiponectin, as a result of TNF-α and IL-6 expression, lead to a reduced inhibition of GnRH. In response to GnRH release, the pituitary gland will secrete FSH and LH, and the testes will produce testosterone resulting in the development of secondary sex characteristics in boys countries, and In addition, the inclusion of a of puberty. ferent time points is complicated, as subjects examined several decades ago presented pronounced differences concerning lifestyle patterns such as nutrition and exercise habits. Lastly, obesity or over- weight is often determined by BMI, a classification based on weight and height measurements. Additionally, it is important that all studies studies or across continents, ethnicities proper age range (8-16 years) is important when assessing the onset (Figure 4). 12-15,17,20-23,49,77-79,84,85 30,47 Furthermore, comparison between studies from dif- 86 Specifically in children, BMI is often dependent on age and growth use the same anthropometric standards and sex-specific cut-offs. 13,14,16-23,49-51,77-80 fat and would represent a more accurate measurement in its regard. Based on this review, several suggestions can be made for further research. Firstly, the roles of adipokines like resistin, chemerin, visfatin, and omentin in puberty onset, fertility, and sexual maturation should be examined in detail. Secondly, future research examining the onset of puberty should combine indicators of puberty onset (e.g. breast development or testicular volume) with plasma or serum hor- mone measurements such as LH, FSH, sex-steroids, adipokines (e.g. spurts. ment in case of growth spurts. distribution of body fat should be taken into account in determining puberty and obesity in children. For instance, the body adiposity index (BAI), which was introduced in 2011 by Bergman et al.,87 uses hip cir- cumference and height in order to estimate the percentage of body 87 Thereby, BMI is a less accurate measure- F I G U R E 4 87,88 Therefore, both percentage and Average age of puberty onset in Europe, China, and the United States according to several studies from Table 1. Age of puberty onset ranges from 8.47 to 13.33 years in girls and from 8.63 leptin), and body fat distribution (e.g. BAI,87 waist-hip ratio's and/or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)2). Additionally, defining con- sistent and general measurements of puberty in both boys and girls, combined with a proper age range (8-16 years), would facilitate the comparisons between different studies and their results. 12-15, 17, 20-23, 25-29, 31 to 13.7 years in boys. included if average age of markers used to assess puberty was not reported. Pink: girls. Blue: boys Studies (Table 1) were not 39, 56 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 8 of 10 NIEUWENHUIS ET AL. 6 | CONCLUSION In conclusion, epidemiological data regarding obesity and puberty onset in girls show similar outcomes as adiposity results in the early onset of puberty in girls. The majority of the studies examining boys with obesity indicate an early onset of puberty, while not all reported an earlier onset of puberty. In detail, high leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels combined with low adiponectin levels stimulate the activation of the HPG axis in girls and boys with obesity, and 5, 45, 50, 51 REFERENCES 1. Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. May- o Clin Proc. 2017;92(2):251-265. 2. Reinehr T, Roth CL. Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty? The Lancet Child & adolescent health. 2019;3(1):44-54. 3. WorldHealthOrganization. Facts and figures on childhood obesity. 2017. 4. Guglielmi V, Sbraccia P. Obesity phenotypes: depot-differences in adipose tissue and their clinical implications. Eat Weight Disord. 2018; 23(1):3-14. 5. Gomez-Hernandez A, Beneit N, Diaz-Castroverde S. Escribano O. 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BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):168-174. thereby an early onset of obesity. leptin can inhibit the production of testosterone in boys and subse- quently inhibit the development of secondary sex characteristics affecting spermatogenesis. for other adipokines, like resistin and omentin, are present in the testes and ovaries suggesting a role in puberty or reproduction; 58, 71 however, their plausible function is still unknown. that adipokines may be key regulators in an early onset of puberty in both girls and boys with obesity, specifically by affecting the HPG axis during gonadarche. Future research should focus on assessing puberty onset by measuring consistent puberty markers and determine the percentage of body fat and its distribution and adipokines and hormone serum levels particularly involved in the HPG axis. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflict of interest. FUNDING INFORMATION This research was funded by Europees Fonds voor Regionale Ontwikkeling (EFRO), project BriteN 2016. ORCID Ilse A.C. Arnoldussen Amanda J. Kiliaan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-5284 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-6210 13, 14, 16-26, 29-32 Furthermore, several receptors Nevertheless, We conclude Search strategy We searched PubMed for articles published before Novem- ber 15th, 2019 using relevant keywords, including âonset of puberty and adiposity/obesityâ, âonset of pubertyâ, âchildren with obesityâ, âadipose tissueâ, âchildhood obesityâ, âadiposityâ, âobesityâ, âadipokine(s)â, âHPG axisâ, âadipokines ovary/ova- riesâ, or âadipokines testesâ, either alone or in combination. 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Obesity Reviews. 2020;21:e13005. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/obr.13005 1467789x, 2020, 6, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.13005, Wiley Online Library on [10/03/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are goverGenerate all of these 25 questions Part A: Each correct answer is worth 5. 1. The regular pentagon shown has a side length of 2 cm. The perimeter of the pentagon is (A) 2 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 8 cm (E) 10 cm 2 cm 2. The faces of a cube are labelled with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 dots. Three of the faces are shown. What is the total number of dots on the other three faces? (A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 15 3. The equation that best represents \a number increased by _ve equals 15" is (A) n ô 5 = 15 (B) n _ 5 = 15 (C) n + 5 = 15 (D) n + 15 = 5 (E) n _ 5 = 15 4. The line graph shows the number of bobbleheads sold at a store each year. The sale of bobbleheads increased the most between (A) 2016 and 2017 (B) 2017 and 2018 (C) 2018 and 2019 (D) 2019 and 2020 (E) 2020 and 2021 Number of 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year Sale of Bobbleheads 2021 Bobbleheads 20 40 60 80 5. Starting at 72, Aryana counts down by 11s: 72; 61; 50; : : : . What is the last number greater than 0 that Aryana will count? (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8 6. In the diagram, \ABC = 90_. The value of x is (A) 68 (B) 23 (C) 56 (D) 28 (E) 26 Day of the Week 44° x° A B C x° 7. Which of the following values is closest to zero? (A) ô1 (B) 5 4 (C) 12 (D) ô4 5 (E) 0:9 Grade 8 8. A jar contains 267 quarters. One quarter is worth $0.25. How many quarters must be added to the jar so that the total value of the quarters is $100.00? (A) 33 (B) 53 (C) 103 (D) 133 (E) 153 9. A package of 8 greeting cards comes with 10 envelopes. Kirra has 7 cards but no envelopes. What is the smallest number of packages that Kirra needs to buy to have more envelopes than cards? (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7 10. For the points in the diagram, which statement is true? (A) e > c (B) b < d (C) f > b (D) a < e (E) a > c y x (e, f ) (a, b) (c, d ) Part B: Each correct answer is worth 6. 11. The 26 letters of the English alphabet are listed in an in_nite, repeating loop: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY ZABC : : : What is the 258th letter in this sequence? (A) V (B) W (C) X (D) Y (E) Z 12. A public holiday is always celebrated on the third Wednesday of a certain month. In that month, the holiday cannot occur on which of the following days? (A) 16th (B) 22nd (C) 18th (D) 19th (E) 21st 13. A circular spinner is divided into three sections. An arrow is attached to the centre of the spinner. The arrow is spun once. The probability that the arrow stops on the largest section is 50%. The probability it stops on the next largest section is 1 in 3. The probability it stops on the smallest section is (A) 1 4 (B) 2 5 (C) 1 6 (D) 2 7 (E) 3 10 14. A positive number is divisible by both 3 and 4. The tens digit is greater than the ones digit. How many positive two-digit numbers have this property? (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8 15. A rectangular pool measures 20 m by 8 m. There is a 1 m wide walkway around the outside of the pool, as shown by the shaded region. The area of the walkway is (A) 56 m2 (B) 60 m2 (C) 29 m2 (D) 52 m2 (E) 50 m2 20 m 8 m 1 m Grade 8 16. The results of asking 50 students if they participate in music or sports are shown in the Venn diagram. What percentage of the 50 students do not participate in music and do not participate in sports? (A) 0% (B) 80% (C) 20% (D) 70% (E) 40% Music Sports 15 5 20 17. There are 2 3 as many golf balls in Bin F as in Bin G. If there are a total of 150 golf balls, how many fewer golf balls are in Bin F than in Bin G? (A) 15 (B) 30 (C) 50 (D) 60 (E) 90 18. In the sequence shown, Figure 1 is formed using 7 squares. Each _gure after Figure 1 has 5 more squares than the previous _gure. What _gure has 2022 squares? (A) Figure 400 (B) Figure 402 (C) Figure 404 (D) Figure 406 (E) Figure 408 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 19. Mateo's 300 km trip from Edmonton to Calgary passed through Red Deer. Mateo started in Edmonton at 7 a.m. and drove until stopping for a 40 minute break in Red Deer. Mateo arrived in Calgary at 11 a.m. Not including the break, what was his average speed for the trip? (A) 83 km/h (B) 94 km/h (C) 90 km/h (D) 95 km/h (E) 64 km/h 20. Equilateral triangle ABC has sides of length 4. The midpoint of BC is D, and the midpoint of AD is E. The value of EC2 is (A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 6:25 (D) 8 (E) 10 Part C: Each correct answer is worth 8. 21. The positive factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. There are two perfect squares less than 100 that have exactly _ve positive factors. What is the sum of these two perfect squares? (A) 177 (B) 80 (C) 145 (D) 52 (E) 97 22. In the list p; q; r; s; t; u; v, each letter represents a positive integer. The sum of the values of each group of three consecutive letters in the list is 35. If q + u = 15, then p + q + r + s + t + u + v is (A) 85 (B) 70 (C) 80 (D) 90 (E) 75 Grade 8 23. The net shown is folded to form a cube. An ant walks from face to face on the cube, visiting each face exactly once. For example, ABCFED and ABCEFD are two possible orders of faces the ant visits. If the ant starts at A, how many possible orders are there? (A) 24 (B) 48 (C) 32 (D) 30 (E) 40 A D B C E F 24. The number 385 is an example of a three-digit number for which one of the digits is the sum of the other two digits. How many numbers between 100 and 999 have this property? (A) 144 (B) 126 (C) 108 (D) 234 (E) 64 25. Student A, Student B, and Student C have been hired to help scientists develop a new avour of juice. There are 4200 samples to test. Each sample either contains blueberry or does not. Each student is asked to taste each sample and report whether or not they think it contains blueberry. Student A reports correctly on exactly 90% of the samples containing blueberry and reports correctly on exactly 88% of the samples that do not contain blueberry. The results for all three students are shown below. Student A Student B Student C Percentage correct on samples 90% 98% (2m)% containing blueberry Percentage correct on samples 88% 86% (4m)% not containing blueberry Student B reports 315 more samples as containing blueberry than Student A. For some positive integers m, the total number of samples that the three students report as containing blueberry is equal to a multiple of 5 between 8000 and 9000. The sum of all such values of m is (A) 45 (B) 36 (C) 24 (D) 27 (E) 29Enzyme Classifications Traditionally, enzymes were simply assigned names by the investigator who discovered the enzyme. As knowledge expanded, systems of enzyme classification became more comprehensive and complex. Currently enzymes are grouped into six functional classes by the International Union of Biochemists (I.U.B.). Number Classification Biochemical Properties 1 Oxidoreductases Act on many chemical groupings to add or remove hydrogen atoms. 2 Transferases Transfer functional groups between donor and acceptor molecules. Kinases are specialized transferases that regulate metabolism by transferring phosphate from ATP to other molecules. 3 Hydrolases Add water across a bond, hydrolyzing it. 4 Lyases Add water, ammonia or carbon dioxide across double bonds, or remove these elements to produce double bonds. 5 Isomerases Carry out many kinds of isomerization: L to D isomerizations, mutase reactions (shifts of chemical groups) and others. 6 Ligases Catalyze reactions in which two chemical groups are joined (or ligated) with the use of energy from ATP.1.1945-1949: The immediate years after the Second World War â At the end of 1945, Mao Zedong had come to see the USA as the greatest threat to his aspirations. a. He understood that East Asians were looking to the USA as the true liberator from Japanese imperialism. b. The USAâs support for the Kuomintang(KMT) and the restoration of U.S. authority in formerly Japanese Manchuria clashed with the CCPâs plans to use the region for its own needs in the impending civil war between the CCP and the GMD. â To compound matters, while the KMT was recognised internationally as the official government in China, Mao and the CCP saw the party as a puppet of U.S. imperialism. â While Mao saw the USA as the greater threat to the CCPâs plans, Soviet actions also frustrated him. a. The USSR provided minimal and incoherent support for the Chinese Communists in Yanâan and Manchuria. b. Stalin also attempted to extract territorial and economic concessions from the Guomindang government in the Friendship and Alliance Treaty China signed in August 1945 under American and Soviet pressure in exchange for Soviet entry into the Second World War against Japan. â The emerging superpower conflict over Europe and over American intervention in the impending civil war in China led to Maoâs ideological perception of the 8838/01 H1 History Paper 1 Theme II: The Cold War and East Asia (1945-1991) \ Page | 8 USA as an aggressive imperialist power that was hostile towards other countries, especially the USSR and China. â In 1946, Mao promoted the theory of the intermediate zone, which envisioned a global united front against American imperialism. a. Mao saw the emerging superpower conflict as an American-Soviet contest for the intermediate zones, the capitalist, colonial and semi- colonial countries of West Europe, Africa, and Asia. b. Mao believed that the USSR was the defender of world peace. c. The intermediate zone, which included China, would not be part of the socialist camp. d. Despite the tremendous potential that U.S. aid held for Chinaâs reconstruction, Maoâs ideological worldview and the impending civil war against the Guomindang prevented him from seeking normalised relations with the USA. In 1949, Mao decided to lean towards the side of the USSR despite two decades of unreliable support from them. e. Mao saw the anti-bourgeois campaigns in East Europe as evidence that China should isolate capitalist-bourgeois forces within it.2 f. Stalin had expelled Yugoslavia from the socialist camp as its leader, Tito was seen to have directly challenged Stalinâs authority. â Mao thus saw it as imperative to stress close unity to the USSR lest he was seen as a second Josip Broz Tito. At the same time, Mao sought a loose partnership with the USSR because Mao believed that China should preserve a high measure of self- reliance and zili gengsheng (èȘćæŽç) (regeneration through oneâs own efforts). â When the Peopleâs Republic of China was formed on 1 October, 1949, relations between Chinaâs and the USSRâs communists had improved substantially. a. However, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was also aware that the USSR never treated Chinese interests as a priority. What the CCP failed to fully understand was that Stalin ruled East Europe much like it was his empire and how this would have implications for China. b. In Maoâs first visit to the USSR in December 1949, Stalin was non- committal regarding the interests raised by the Chinese, and treated Mao as an underling as he feared that closer relations with the PRC would cause the USSR to lose privileges gained from the KMT. _________________________ 2 What Mao did not realise at that point was that the anti-bourgeois campaigns in East European countries were part of Stalinâs intentional design to consolidate the power of communists in them. 8838/01 H1 History Paper 1 Theme II: The Cold War and East Asia (1945-1991) \ Page | 9 A note on Sino-American relations 2. Early 1950: The USAâs hands-off policy towards Taiwan begins to change â By early 1950, the Truman administration had written off Taiwan and believed it was only a matter of time before the island fell to the PLA. â Two events in early 1950 changed the USAâs position on East Asia. â The formation of the USSR-PRC alliance in February 1950 â The North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950 3. 1950: The Sino-Soviet Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty â Signed on 14 February, 1950. 3.1Implications for Sino-Soviet relations â Stalin saw it as a means to get concessions that he had failed to get from the Kuomintang (KMT) government in 1945. â For Mao and the newly founded Peopleâs Republic of China (PRC), the alliance would provide security against U.S. imperialism and allow the PRC to get economic aid for reconstruction from the USSR. â The Chinese realised soon after the 1950 treaty had been signed that the Soviet Union was intent on exploiting the agreement in its own favour. 8838/01 H1 History Paper 1 Theme II: The Cold War and East Asia (1945-1991) \ Page | 10 â The Sino-Soviet alliance was officially directed against Japanese militarism and its allies, especially the USA. â The Sino-Soviet alliance comprised three elements: party, military and economic relations. â Party: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was included in the customs of communist party internationalism, such as regular exchange of party delegations to congresses of the fraternal parties in Stalinâs socialist camp. â This move was meant to bring the PRCâs ideological beliefs about communism into greater alignment with the USSRâs. â Military: The alliance was supposed to provide the newly formed and weak PRC with a strategic deterrent and military aid against the USA on three fronts: Guomindang-held Taiwan, divided Korea, and Vietnam where France attempted to reestablish its colonial control. â Convinced that the USA would aggressively seek ways to undermine the CCP-led PRC through Taiwan, Korea and Vietnam, Mao sought an active defence. â While in Moscow, Mao unsuccessfully asked Stalin to provide military assistance for the liberation of Taiwan. â At the beginning of 1950, the PRC delivered large-scale military aid to Hanoi. The PRC was the first country to grant the communist-led Democratic Republic of Vietnam diplomatic recognition on 18 January 1950; Mao persuaded Stalin to do so on 30 January 1950. â The PRC committed itself to North Korea, where Mao saw the commitment to North Korea both as a defence against U.S. imperialism and as support for a fellow communist country. â Economic: During Maoâs first stay in Moscow, Stalin had personally promised the delivery of fifty projects for primary industrialisation. â The agreement also led to a series of supplementary ones, such as a US$ 300 million loan that the PRC would repay with a mixture of strategic materials, rubber, agricultural products, goods for daily use and hard currency. â Significantly, Stalin used Soviet military and economic aid to extract concessions similar to those he failed to get from the Guomindang government in 1945. â The USSR and PRC would disagree on the pace and extent of the PRCâs planned development. â In the last five weeks of Stalinâs life in early 1953, he attempted to pressure the PRC to reduce the planned 8838/01 H1 History Paper 1 Theme II: The Cold War and East Asia (1945-1991) \ Page | 11 development speed to a mere annual growth of 13-14 percent, and to plan individual projects in detail beforehand. These moves would potentially result in the PRCâs economy growing at a slower rate than initially projected. â However, after Stalinâs death on 5 March 1953, the PRCâs Zhou Enlai decided to use his visit of condolence to the USSR to press forward negotiations. â When talks resumed in 1 April 1953, Beijing pressed for 150 Soviet industrial projects, but Moscow reduced them to 91 on the basis of insufficient data provided by the Chinese. â The economic disarray after Chinaâs civil war and the economic pressures that came with the Korean War influenced recovery and reconstruction in the early years of the PRC. â Despite the PRC being unable to tap into Soviet economic assistance immediately, mutual trade between China and the USSR nevertheless increased 6.5 times from 1950 to 1956. â Together with the 50 projects promised by Stalin in 1950, the final version of the First FYP for the PRC included 141 Soviet and 68 East European projects in a total of 649 planned. Three thousand Soviet advisers sent to China in subsequent years were directly linked to the First FYP. â By 1955, over 60 percent of Chinaâs goods exchange was with the USSR. â Soviet economic assistance to China added up to the largest foreign development venture in the socialist camp ever. â The total number of planned projects amounted to between 300 and 360 projects. â However, the number of total finished projects ranged between 134 and 150. â Transfers of knowledge and expertise were important to Chinaâs economic development. â A study on Soviet experts counts 1,445 political advisers and 9,313 technical specialists sent to China until their sudden withdrawal in mid-1960. â For political reasons, the gradual withdrawal of advisers began after late 1956.Yaama I'm Jack Evans and you're watching BTN. Here's what's coming up. We uncover the story behind this famous photo, learn about First Nations seasons and find out the history of Book Week. What is Statehood? Reporter: Tatenda Chibika INTRO: But first, the Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has announced that Australia will join other countries in recognising Palestine as an independent state. So, what does that mean? Tatenda found out. Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister: Australia will recognise the state of Palestine. Australia will recognise the right of the Palestinian people to a state of their own. We will work with the international community to make this right a reality. Tatenda Chibika, Reporter: That's the moment our Prime Minister said Australia would recognise Palestine as an independent state at the upcoming United Nations General assembly next month. It's something other countries, including France and Canada, have said they'll be doing too. So, what does that mean exactly? To be considered an independent state under international law a place needs to have its own land or territories with defined borders, it needs to have people who permanently live there, have a working government and it has to be able to talk and make deals with other countries. Once a place meets all those rules, it can ask to be recognised by other independent states and countries. But a big step in becoming an independent state is being fully recognised by the United Nations. To do that you first need to get approval from at least nine members of the UN's Security Council. That's a group of countries responsible for maintaining international peace and security. But even then, that tick of approval can still be blocked by one of the Security Council's five permanent members Russia, China, the UK, the US and France. If the Security Council approves, the decision then goes to the UN's General Assembly where at least two thirds of the UN's 193 members have to agree to make it official. Yeah, it's a pretty complex process which is why we've only seen a handful of countries recognised by the UN in recent years like South Sudan and Montenegro. Others like Kosovo are only 'partially' recognised which means they have some recognition but not enough to become a full member state at the UN. Right now, Palestine is recognised by more than 140 countries â that's more than two thirds of the UN General Assembly. So, why hasn't it become a UN member state yet? Well, it came pretty close last year when 12 members of the Security Council voted in favour of it. VANESSA FRAZIER, AMBASSADOR OF MALTA, APRIL 2024 UNSC PRESIDENT: I shall now put the draft resolution to the vote. But the US, a close ally to Israel, used its special powers to block Palestine from becoming a member state. VANESSA FRAZIER: Those against? At the time, the U.S said Palestine and Israel needed to come to an agreement on their own first. Throughout the years, there have been attempts to figure out a way for both Palestine and Israel to exist peacefully alongside each other but that hasn't happened yet. And now Israel has said that recognising Palestine as an independent state would be rewarding Hamas the group in charge of Gaza which was responsible for the terror attacks on October 7th, 2023. But the Palestinian Authority which governs parts of the West Bank says Hamas won't have a role in any future state of Palestine which will exist peacefully alongside Israel. Australia, like the US, had previously said that it wanted Israel and Palestine to figure out things by themselves first but because of how the war has been going the Australian government is worried that if it continues to wait, there might not be a Palestinian state to recognise. ANTHONY ALBANESE, PRIME MINISTER: There has been too many lives lost, both Israeli's and Palestinians and the world is saying we need a solution to this conflict, we need to end the cycle of violence and the way to do that is to have a two-state solution. News Quiz Russia's President Vladimir Putin stepped foot on American Soil for the first time in a decade to meet with US President Donald Trump. What state did they meet in? Alabama, Alaska or Arizona?It's Alaska. The two leaders met to discuss a way to end the war in Ukraine but weren't able to make any final agreements. DONALD TRUMP, US PRESIDENT: There were many, many points that we agreed on. Most of them, I would say, a couple of big ones, that we haven't quite got there, but we've made some headway. There's no deal until there's a deal. A lot of people criticised the two world leaders for not including Ukraine's president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in the meeting. But that didn't seem to worry Mr Trump who said the meeting was a success and Mr Putin even invited the US President to meet up again in Russia. DONALD TRUMP: We'll see you again very soon. Thank you very much, Vladimir. VLADIMIR PUTIN, RUSSIAN PRESIDENT: Next time in Moscow. DONALD TRUMP: Oh, that's an interesting one. No, no, no. I'll get a little heat on that one. Last week thousands of people marked the 80th anniversary of VJ Day. What does VJ Day commemorate? The victory of Allied forces in Europe, the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II or the dropping of the first atomic bomb? VJ Day or Victory over Japan day commemorates the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II on the 15th of August 1945. Around the world, and here in Australia, people marked the anniversary with ceremonies remembering those who fought in the war. REPORTER: Who will you be remembering today? VETERAN: Oh, a lot of fellows that I knew that never made it home. Scientists in the UK have created toothpaste that includes which of these ingredients? Hair, eye lashes or fingernails? Yeah, they're all a bit random and gross but the answer is hair. According to scientists from King's College in London, hair could be the key to good oral health because it contains a protein called Keratin which they say when mixed with saliva forms a crystal-like protective coating similar to enamel. And Swifties rejoice because Taylor Swift has announced her 12th Studio album. It's called life of a show what? Is it show pony, show girl or show bag? It's Life of a Showgirl and it'll be released October 3rd. Vincent Lingiari Reporter: Joseph Baronio INTRO: Now to this very famous photograph. It was taken 50 years ago and depicts a really significant moment in Australian history. Joe found out about the story behind it. On the 16th of August 1975, this famous photo was taken. It shows the former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam pouring sand into the hand of Aboriginal leader Vincent Lingiari. A simple gesture that symbolised handing the land at Wave Hill in the Northern Territory back to the Gurindji people. But the journey to get there was far from simple. It started back in the 1960s. At the time, Wave Hill was the biggest cattle station in the world, controlled by British landowner Lord Vestey. The Gurindji people, who had lived on the land for generations, worked for Vestey, but they weren't paid fairly, and conditions were tough. NEWS REPORTER: The station's 100 aboriginal stockmen, with their 100 dependents, are camped in the dry bed of the Victoria River with little shade from 90-degree heat, dust and flies. Eventually, Gurindji leader Vincent Lingiari said it was time to act. VINCENT LINGIARI: I said, "What was it before Lord Vestey born and I was born?" It was blackfella country. So, on August 23rd, 1966, Mr Lingiari and his fellow Aboriginal workers went on strike. It became known as the Wave Hill Walk Off. They moved their camp away from the Wave Hill station to a sacred site called Daguragu on Wattie Creek. They wanted to set up their own cattle station, and said they wouldn't move until their land was returned to them. For years, petitions and negotiations went on between the Gurindji people, the NT Administration, and the Australian Government in Canberra. CLAPPERS: 31. 32. 33. DAVID QUINN, ABSCOL: Well, it's basic justice that their land is recognised. PROTESTORS: Equal rights! As the news spread across the country, thousands of Aussies joined the campaign, including the leader of the Labor Party, Gough Whitlam, who made this promise during his 1972 election campaign. GOUGH WHITLAM: We will legislate to give Aborigines land rights. Not just because their case is beyond argument, but because all of us as Australians are diminished, while the Aborigines are denied their rightful place in this nation. Later that year, Gough Whitlam became Prime Minister. (Song From Little Things Big Things Grow, Song by Kev Carmody and Paul Kelly, 1993) From little things big things grow,from little things big things grow⊠But it wasn't until 1975, 9 years after the Wave Hill Walk Off started, that he followed through with his promise. Eight years went by, eight long years of waiting'Til one day a tall stranger appeared in the landAnd he came with lawyers and he came with great ceremony GOUGH WHITLAM: I solemnly hand to you these deeds as proof in Australian law that these lands belong to the Gurindji people. And through Vincent's fingers poured a handful of sandFrom little things big things grow 50 years on, and The Wave Hill Walk Off is seen as a pivotal moment in Australia's history. It led to significant legal and social changes for First Nations people, which is something many agree is worth celebrating. First Nations Seasons Reporter: Saskia Mortarotti INTRO: Recently, Melbourne's Lord Mayor suggested ditching the four-season calendar that most of us are familiar with and adopting a six-season Wurundjeri calendar instead saying it gives a better description of what the weather's actually like there. Sas found out more about the different seasonal calendars used by First Nations people. SASKIA MORTAROTTI, REPORTER: Right now, in most of the country, it's pretty cold. COLD GIRL: Think of somewhere warm. What? It's 32 degrees in Darwin in the middle of winter? But ah, yeah. There are some places where it's, well, quite warm. Which makes you wonder whether the weather actually matches the seasons. You see, Australia is pretty big, and we have lots of different weather patterns. Which is something First Nations people have tracked for thousands of years with their own seasonal calendars. KARL WINDA TELFER, CULTURAL CREATIVE KANYANYAPILLA: Why have we got four seasons when you know that don't make any sense here. It doesn't relate to the country here. This is Karl Telfer. He's an artist and storyteller who produced the Kuri Kurru exhibition at the Museum of Discovery in Adelaide that explores the 6 different seasons of the Kaurna Meyunna. SASKIA MORTAROTTI: So, how do you know when you're in one of those six seasons? KARL WINDA TELFER: Well, there are stars that rise. So, you know, there are certain stars, like in Parnatti, for example. There's a star called Parna, and we know what that star is. So, that talks to us about, okay, the time now is going to be cold on the ground. First Nations calendars like the Kaurna one don't just tell us what's happening with the weather; they're also used to track when certain plants and animals are around. KARL WINDA TELFER: It teaches you about what plants you can, you know, what you can eat what you can't and all that what is ready certain times a year and fruit everything, bird shows you the right time to eat the fruit, perfect time, if you try and go get them the next week they're gone. Karl says we can also use these calendars to see how the environment has changed over time. KARL WINDA TELFER: Kudlilla is the season we're in now and Kudlilla that talks about like the rain but we're not having enough rain these days, well, these times. And this is due to climate and the climate changing. There are many different First Nations seasonal calendars around the country. Like Ngan'gi calendar from the Northern Territory which has 13 seasons that follow the life cycle of the native spear grass. Or the Wurundjeri Calendar in Victoria which has 6 seasons. And recently, Melbourne's Lord Mayor, Nicholas Reece, said Melbourne, or Naarm, would be better off adopting the Wurundjeri calendar because it's more in tune to what's happening with the weather. Something many, including Karl, think we should be doing right across the country. KARL WINDA TELFER: I'm talking about the English four seasons. So, this is totally different systems that we're talking about and weather patterns and currents and all sorts of different things, because it's the sea country too. So, my question is, well, why do we have that? If that doesn't work, you know? Quiz How many seasons are there in the Tiwi Island Calendar? 1, 2 or 3? It's 3, although they also have 13 minor seasons. Book Week Reporter: Wren Gillett INTRO: This week, kids across Australia have been dressing up as their favourite characters to celebrate Book Week. Wren finds out why Book Week began 80 years ago and why it's still important today for getting young Aussies into reading. STUDENT: I read an hour every night, maybe even two hours some nights. STUDENT: My favourite book series are the Harry Potter series and the Keeper of the Lost City series. STUDENT: Probably Bad Guys and Weirdo. STUDENT: I like the Amulet, I've been reading that. STUDENT: I love reading Dork Diaries and Exploding Endings. Whether it's Fantasy, mystery, history â whatever you're into. Book week is a time to celebrate, well, books. STUDENT: Me and my friends are dressing up as Inside Out. STUDENT: I was thinking SpongeBob. STUDENT: I'm dressing up as Winnie the Pooh and it's just a fun way to express what kind of books you like. And guess what, book week has actually been a thing for many, many years. WREN GILLETT, REPORTER: Once upon a time, in a land not so far away, literacy lovers noticed a problem. The year was 1945. The second World War had just ended, and kids were mainly reading books from overseas, in particular the UK. Because, at the time, there weren't many Aussie authors writing books for children. WREN GILLETT: So, a group of passionate teachers, librarians, booksellers, publishers, and book-loving volunteers, decided to create what we now know as The Children's Book Council of Australia. Familiar logo, right? Together, they launched book week, all in an effort to get Aussie kids' reading more. And it seemed to work. The 1960s saw a boom in Australian children's books being published. REPORTER: How many books do you read a week? STUDENT: Well, it really depends on the week. If there's exams, I might read only one or two. But if there's no exams and if I've got plenty of time, I might read up to five or six. WREN GILLETT: But today, it's a slightly different story. Studies show that less than one in five eight to 18-year-olds are reading in their free time, and that only one in three actually enjoy reading for fun. WREN GILLETT: Why do you reckon we're seeing this trend? STUDENT: People are getting sucked into screens and they're like spending hours just scrolling through TikTok and stuff, and they're getting so attached to it that they don't feel the need to pick up books and read them. Yeah, there's a lot of different things competing for our attention these days, but many think books are still worth our time. PETER HELLIER, AUSSIE COMEDIAN AND AUTHOR: Books are the exact opposite of boring. And if you think they're boring, I'm sorry, but you're wrong. This is Peter Hellier, he's a pretty famous Aussie comedian, actor, and the author behind these books. And he's just released another one called Detective Galileo, about a trail horse who dreams of solving crimes. PETER HELLIER: He joins the police force and quickly finds out that the horses don't actually solve the crimes, it's the police officers who solve the crime. So he promptly gets thrown out of the force and begins his own detective agency, which I'm reliably told is the only detective agency in the world run by a horse. Peter actually started writing books when he was a kid. PETER HELLIER: I started writing when I was six, seven, eight years old. In fact, I started my own publishing company called Better Books. And I would write these books, and then I would get a parent or one of my parents or teachers to type them up. And I would read them in front of the class. And, you see, each has the logo, the Better Books logo, there it is â the famous Better Books logo. WREN GILLETT: You weren't mucking around. PETER HELLIER: There all on all of them. There we go. There we go. Many, Including Peter, say there's plenty to get from a good book. They help us learn new words and phrases, get a better understanding of the world around us, and strengthen our imaginations. PETER HELLIER: Books can take you absolutely anywhere. They can take you to countries that you never dreamed about going. Countries that exist, countries that don't exist. Reading just makes the world a much bigger place. It's why for the past 80 years, schools around the country have been taking part in book week. STUDENT: Reading is a place where you can have your own world just to yourself. STUDENT: It's like watching a movie inside your head, but you can choose how it goes. STUDENT: Picking up a book is a good idea, maybe you should start with something that you're interested with and then you can start exploring from there. Quiz What is the title of the book that took out this year's Book of the year Award for younger readers? It's Laughter is the Best Endingby Maryam Master. Some other winners included I'm not really here by Gary Loneborough which took out book of the year for older readers and best picture book went to The Truck Cat, by Deborah Frenkel. Sport Australia's men's national basketball team â the Boomers â have won their third Asia Cup in a row, with an epically narrow victory over China. COMMENTATOR: It is Australia who are celebrating! China started strong, leading 25-17 at quarter time. But Aussie Xavier Cooks led a fierce comeback, shooting 30 points and collecting nine rebounds, earning him the title of MVP. And there seriously couldn't have been a tighter finish. Just as the final buzzer went off, China missed a shot that would have won them the game, leaving Australia with a 90-89 victory. COMMENTATOR: An unbelievable finish. The 2025 AFLW season kicked off last week, and so did a new trick. Yeah, 19-year-old Ash Centra from Collingwood, pulled out this move in the warm-up before their season-opener to Carlton, and since then, a lot of people have been trying to do it, with some success, kind of? FOOTY PLAYER: No, I'm not doing it on camera. But despite the epic warmup, Carlton did end up beating Collingwood by 24 points. Now, the moves from these athletes in China weren't quite so graceful but give 'em a break, okay, they're robots. For the first time ever, humanoid robots from all over the world, competed in their very own games, which featured, soccer, boxing, running, and ahh, lots of falling over. Lots. Luckily though, they did bring their own cheer squad. Young Rapper Reporter: Rylie INTRO: Finally, we're going to meet another winner of this year's Heywire competition â which asks young people in regional areas to share their stories. Rylie's going to tell us how music helped to transform his life. Check it out. Mum and I were homeless. We lived at a caravan park, in motels and tents around Warrnambool. It wasn't pretty. I'm First Nations, and I remember feeling like, my own country is failing me right now. So, we camped right along here. I remember pitching a tent right here and this was actually around the same time I started to get into music which was a good way for me to have something to look forward to. I was raised by the SoundCloud era, listening to a lot of trap music. When I was in school, I'd rap along to songs by Juice World, then I started to make my own. My first track was recorded on my phone. It was bad but a lot of fun to make. Some kids in my school heard it and shamed me. That put me off music for the next couple of years, until a friend of mine bought a microphone and encouraged me to give it another go. There was something about that mic and the energy of the crew around me that gave me confidence. It lit a fire in me. Over time, I was able to focus my flow. My songs are about escapism, living the life, being a success. I rap about stuff that takes me to a better place in my head. I'm manifesting my future. My stage name is Hundo Milli, it's short for hundreds of millions. Money's not really the end goal; it's more about having the freedom to dream big. Mum taught me to never stop believing. Even when times were tough, she kept pushing for us to get housing and eventually we did. We're some of the lucky ones. Today, I'm in a Melbourne studio recording my next single. I remember living in my tent dreaming about this very moment and now I'm here, doing what I love. Ain't nothing going to stop me. Closer Well, that's all we've got for you today, but we'll be back before you know it. In the meantime, you can head to our website, there's plenty to see and do. You can also catch Newsbreak every weeknight and there's BTN High for all you highschoolers out there. Have an awesome week and I'll see you next time. Bye.