The science of map making

maps that emphasize a specific topic

map that primarily shows land forms such as mountains, deserts, etc.

map that primarily shows the boundaries between countries, counties, or States

amount of territory being analyzed on a map such as local, national, regional, or

compass directions are kept correct but size and shape are often distorted especially closer to the poles

shape and size of the continents are correct but distorts distance and direction

an ellipse view of the earth with a flat top and bottom, area is accurate but distances and directions are distorted

creates a view of the world from the poles, keeping distance and direction from the poles correct but distorting shape and size

geographic location and characteristics of natural or human created features and boundaries on, above, or below the earth's surface

information that can be expressed as a measurable number (statistics)

collected information that is descriptive and therefore harder to analyze (feelings, perspectives)

Computer application that stores, analyzes, and layers different geographic information

Using satellites or other long-range methods to acquire information about the Earth's surface (weather stations use this for analyzing where it is raining etc)

accurately determines the precise location of something on Earth.

A 19th- and early 20th-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the physical environment caused human activities

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to overcome environmental limitations.

Position on Earth's surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel East to West).

The physical characteristics of a place such as land forms, etc

The location of a place relative to other places.

Often referred to as a place's given name on Earth.

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

The number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture showing how many people each piece of land must feed

The number of farmers per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture showing a place's available agricultural technology

where geographic phenomenon is found close together across the Earth

where geographic phenomenon is found far apart across the Earth

A common property of distribution, which is the geometric arrangement of objects in space and/or the repetition of geographic phenomenon.

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system.

is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome. Because of this "friction," spatial interactions will tend to take place more often over shorter distances; quantity of interaction will decline with distance.

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. Typically, the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact.

a set of interconnected nodes without a center.

The process of spreading a feature or trend from one place to another over time.

The region/place from which innovative ideas originate.

patterns of movement of people or ideas from one place to another

geographic phenomenon that are believed to be related because they occur in similar distributions or in the same places

utilizing resources in a way that does not permanently damage the environment for future generations

primary way humans are changing and manipulating the earth for their needs

A force or process that makes a local concept become a global phenomenon

companies who research, produce and sell their products in multiple countries

the levels of development in countries today began after exploration, when industrialized colonizing countries imperialized and took control of less developed areas creating a global interdependence

these are the most developed (MDCS) of the world with high incomes and skilled labor

these are the newly industrialized or emerging nations of the world that are usually manufacturing products due to cheap labor such as China and India

these are the least developed countries of the world such as parts of Sub-Saharan Africa where standards of living are low

(uniform) or homogenous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate.

(nodal region) Area organized around a node or focal point. And the feature becomes less important the farmer from this hearth.

(Perceptual Region) is a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from people's informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought.

interactions between humans and their environments

How the natural landscape looks as a result of human intervention. Also known as a built environment.

an area of land on earth, the gap between two objects on earth

the human and physical features that make a specific location unique

The relationships among people and ideas across the barrier of space

The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach certain location from other locations. Accessibility varies from place to place based on physical or technological differences and can be measured.