Unit 12: Immigration / Art & Literature / Reform

negative factors that cause people to leave a country

positive factors that cause immigrants to move to a new country

failure of the staple crop in Ireland that caused millions of Irish come to America during the 1840s

Overcrowding - housing was cramped, unhealthy and expensive; disease spread; crime flourished; prejudice grew; Know-Nothing Party

Native-born Americans who were prejudice against and discriminated against immigrants -refused to hire them and did not want them to hold political offices; formed the Know-Nothing Party

Writers and painters began to celebrate nature, the wilderness, the west and America's past; writers began using American slang & spelling

influential group of painters in NY in the mid 1800s that painted huge landscapes of nature scenes instead of the traditional subjects of portraits and religion

philosophy that teaches the spiritual is more important than the physical and that people can find truth within themselves

refusal to obey laws that one considers to be unjust as a form of peaceful protest; this idea influenced important leaders in the 20th Century, including Martin Luther King, Jr

transcendentalist who did not support the Mexican war or slavery; he practiced civil disobedience by not paying his taxes (that would go to support the war) and was sent to jail

renewal of religious devotion in the early 1800 that changed society and brought about reform movement because Americans began to believe that they could improve society

campaign to get people to stop drinking alcohol; supported by women and business owners

a group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions; in mid-1800s fought for shorter hours - higher wages

education reformer, led the way for educational reform; pushed for public high schools; first public high school established in Boston, Mass

asked the Massachusetts legislature to improve the care of mentally disabled; her efforts led to the opening of 32 hospitals to care for the mentally ill