domestic terrorist organization formed after the Civil War that used violence and intimidation to scare African-Americans away from voting; targeted white Republicans in the South who supported African American rights; wanted to restore Democratic Party control to the South

19th president of the US; Republican named as POTUS after Democrats agreed to the Compromise of 1877

Freed all slaves, abolished slavery in US

granted full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

created by Congress to aid former slaves through education, health care, and employment

After the Civil War former landowners "rented" plots of land to blacks and poor whites in such a way that the renters were always in debt and therefore tied to the land, creating a cycle off debt

Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was named POTUS but he had to withdraw troops from Southern states and appoint a Democrat to his cabinet; marked the end of Reconstruction as Democrats regained control of the South.

The period after the Civil War (1865-1877) in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; included extending civil rights to African Americans

Lincoln's VP who became POTUS #17 after Lincoln was assassinated; clashed with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction; was impeached by the House of Representatives for violating the Tenure in Office Act but survived Senate removal by only one vote

laws that restricted freedmen's rights with provisions such as: curfews, labor contracts, and land restrictions.

laws that enforced racial segregation in the South

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Economic depression during Grant's second term; caused many Northerners to shift their focus from African American civil rights to the national economy

Divided the south into 5 districts occupied by Union troops. Forced all former confederate stated to ratify the fourteenth amendment and create new state constitutions in order to reenter the union.

traveled and looked for family members

what Sherman wanted to grant to each freedmen family to help them become economically self-sufficient; never became a law

an American stage actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.

Law that required the President to get consent from the Senate before removing cabinet members; House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson when he violated this law by firing his Secretary of War

POTUS # 18; Republican elected to two terms; supported by new African American voters in the south; second term marred by scandals in his administration and economic panic

North got: Republican POTUS - Rutherford Hayes; South got: all federal troops removed; marked the END of Reconstruction

The first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress.

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after Civil War and promoted equal rights for African Americans

Northern whites who moved to the South & served as Republican leaders during reconstruction; wanted equal rights for African Americans

Southern whites who supported Republican policy through Reconstruction including equal rights for African Americans