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Unit 2 AP Practice

Quiz by Maya Serhan

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10 questions
Show answers
  • Q1
    A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform?
    The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage
    The production and secretion of steroids
    The production and secretion of proteins
    The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the organism
    60s
  • Q2
    A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA. These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria.Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT-ND1 mutations?
    The cell is able to synthesize proteins, but the proteins would not fold properly and would not contain the correct molecular tags for export from the cell.
    The cell is unable to synthesize most proteins required for normal cell functions.
    The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport and ATP production.
    The cell is unable to break down toxic materials and would accumulate large volumes of these materials.
    60s
  • Q3
    A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem. Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?
    The chloroplast, since all organisms need a source of energy.
    The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
    The cell wall, since all marine organisms need them for support.
    The mitochondrion, since all organisms need to break down glucose.
    60s
  • Q4
    In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to living plant cells. After one hour, the researchers determined the amount of the radiolabeled amino acid that was in each of several subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are represented in the table. Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment?
    Question Image
    It was mostly incorporated into nucleic acids that store the biological information.
    It was mostly incorporated into lipids that help separate cells from their surrounding environment.
    It was mostly incorporated into carbohydrates that form protective structures outside the cells.
    It was mostly incorporated into proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions.
    60s
  • Q5
    Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of a valinomycin treatment on skeletal muscle cells. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring substance that can be used as a drug. The results of the experiment are presented in the table. Which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best supported by the data presented in the table?
    Question Image
    The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
    The valinomycin treatment caused an increase in the activity of the Golgi complex.
    The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the lysosome.
    The valinomycin treatment caused an increase in the activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    60s
  • Q6
    In an experiment, researchers compared the growth of two different plants, plant X and plant Y. The researchers maintained the plants under nearly identical conditions and observed that plant X grew faster than plant Y. The researchers also observed that the inner mitochondrial membranes of plant X had more folds than did those of plant Y. Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment?
    It increases the amount of space available for storing cellular wastes, which results in faster cell growth.
    It increases the surface area available for ATP production, which results in faster cell growth.
    It increases the rate of protein transport to the plasma membrane, which results in faster cell growth.
    It increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, which results in faster cell growth.
    60s
  • Q7
    Some cells, such as intestinal cells, exchange a lot of material with their surroundings. The surface-to-volume ratio of these cells affects the efficiency of material exchange. The table provides measurements of four different eukaryotic cells. Based on the data, which cell is likely to be most effective in the exchange of materials?
    Question Image
    Cell 2
    Cell 3
    Cell 1
    Cell 4
    60s
  • Q8
    Which of the following transport mechanisms will be affected most directly by a temporary shortage of ATP molecules inside the cell?
    The diffusion of oxygen molecules across the plasma membrane
    The movement of water molecules through aquaporins
    The transport of glucose molecules against a concentration gradient
    The facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ ions into the cell
    60s
  • Q9
    A magnesium sulfate solution taken orally can cause a net movement of water into the large intestine, which results from water molecules diffusing through aquaporins embedded in the cells of the intestinal lining. By which of the following mechanisms do the water molecules most likely move into the large intestine?
    By active transport from an area of high osmolarity to an area of low osmolarity
    By passive transport from an area of high osmolarity to an area of low osmolarity
    By active transport from an area of low osmolarity to an area of high osmolarity
    By passive transport from an area of low osmolarity to an area of high osmolarity
    60s
  • Q10
    Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host. Which of the following observations best supports the model?
    Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms both acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.
    Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.
    Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.
    Chloroplasts are separated from other subcellular compartments by semipermeable membranes.
    60s

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