Domain which includes Kingdom Eubacteria (prokaryotes)

Domain which includes Kingdom Archaebacteria (prokaryotes)

Domain which includes Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia (which all contain nuclei)

Consists of mostly multicellular organisms that cannot make their own food (heterotrophs), so they absorb it (not eat), and have cell walls made of chitin

Kingdom that contains mostly unicellular eukaryotes such as algae (ex. euglena) and protozoa (ex. paramecium, amoeba)

Kingdom of complex, multi-cellular organisms that use photosynthesis to make food, and have cell walls made of cellulose

Kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are free-moving, and lack cell walls

Kingdom of prokaryotes that live in harsh/extreme environments, such as very hot, very salty, or very acidic waters.

Kingdom of prokaryotes that live in mild/normal environments, such as on your skin, in your intestines, or on your desk.

A term used to describe an organism that is made up of a single cell

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles ("no" nucleus)

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles ("true" nucleus)

Prefix that means "true" or "normal" (ex. Eukarya, Eubacteria)

An organism that makes its own food (aka producer)

An organism that cannot make its own food (aka consumer)

A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell. Requires this host cell in order to reproduce.

A unicellular, eukaryotic organism (NOT THE KINGDOM)

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

Whip-like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding; extensions of cytoplasm; "false feet"

A light-sensitive region in certain photosynthetic protists.

The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell

A plant that does not have tissues to transport food and water (ex. moss)

A plant that has specialized tissues that conduct materials (food/water) from one part of the plant to another (ex. ferns, trees)

Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants

A waxy non-living layer on the outside of leaves that minimizes water loss

The outermost layer of cells on a leaf; skin protecting leaf tissues

Pores in the bottom of a leaf that allow gases to come in and out; opened and closed by guard cells

Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing

A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

Plants which have "naked seeds", such as pine cones and other conifers (no flowers)

A plant organ whose purpose is sexual reproduction; fruit forms from the ripened ovary

The entire male reproductive part of a flower

The part of a flower's stamen that contains the pollen

The part of a flower's stamen that holds up the anther

The entire female reproductive part of a flower

The "sticky" part of a flower's pistil which collects pollen (found at the top of the pistil)

The tube which connects the top and bottom of a flower's pistil

The enlarged part at the base of a flower's pistil which contains the ovules; becomes the fruit when fertilized/ripened

Found in the ovary of a flower; when fertilized by pollen, becomes the seeds

Any behavior that is known from birth; does not require any kind of experience (ex. instincts, territorial behavior, courtship, hibernation)

Any behavior that has been learned from some sort of experience or observation (ex. imprinting, habituation, classical and operant conditioning)

Innate behavior that involves movement toward or away from light

Innate behavior in which animals (usually males) defend land or mates

A learned behavior in which newly hatched birds and newborn mammals follow the first moving object they see

Learned behavior in which animals experience decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. For example, as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more unrelated stimuli and anticipate events (ex. Pavlov's dogs associating a bell ringing with food, eventually salivating when the bell rings even though there is no food present)

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcement (reward) or diminished if followed by a punishment

Theory that states that all life must come from life/another living thing

The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions; theory that states the first living things came from non-living matter. (aka spontaneous generation)

no oxygen, very hot, only water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other inorganic gases

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed (no soil)

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

Nutrient cycle that is maintained largely by bacteria; the transfer of this nutrient from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere

Nutrient cycle that involves cellular respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, and combustion

Each step in a food chain or food web

An organism that makes its own food (aka autotroph)

An organism that eats producers/autotrophs in a food chain; herbivores

An organism that eats herbivores in a food chain (eats the primary consumer)

An organism that eats secondary consumers in a food chain

Describes how much energy is passed up each trophic level as organisms are eaten (the rest goes to actual cell functions)

Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level; highest at the bottom/producer level

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.

A symbiotic relationship between two species in which both species benefit

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

A relationship between two organisms in which BOTH are negatively affected; the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

Interaction between two organisms of different species in which one organism captures and feeds on parts or all of another organism (one benefits, the other is KILLED)

Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate with no limits to population growth

The shape of a graph showing exponential growth

Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth due to the presence of a carrying capacity

The shape of a graph showing logistic growth; the leveling off of a J-Curve/exponential growth

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms - leads to a carrying capacity

The number of different species in an area; the community/ecosystem is always better/more healthy if this is higher

Species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem (without this, the community may collapse)

Increase in concentration of chemicals due to their persistence in organisms that are part of a food web (ex. pregnant women cannot eat fish that are high up the food chain because of the build-up of mercury)