Unit 2 Sociology as science
Quiz by Sushat sangha
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- Q1
A sociologist wants to study the effects of online education on students' learning outcomes using a survey method. She believes that by collecting objective data, she can reveal general laws about learning behavior. Which methodological approach is she likely following?
Interpretivism
Positivism
Ethnomethodology
Phenomenology
45s - Q2
When studying workplace behavior, a sociologist finds that employees act differently in meetings with superiors compared to informal conversations with peers. The sociologist concludes that people perform different roles depending on their social context. Which theoretical perspective does this represent?
Positivism
Symbolic interactionism
Structural functionalism
Dramaturgy
45s - Q3
A sociologist is conducting research on income inequality and believes that their role is to present the findings without any personal bias or moral judgment. Which of the following concepts is this sociologist adhering to?
Subjectivity
Value relevance
Value loadedness
Value-neutrality
45s - Q4
A researcher argues that studying social phenomena through numbers and statistics alone ignores the deeper meanings and subjective experiences of individuals. Which approach to sociology is this researcher most likely to support?
Structural functionalism
Critical
Interpretivism
Positivism
45s - Q5
A researcher rejects the notion that sociology should aim to discover universal laws of human behavior, instead focusing on the unique experiences and meanings individuals assign to their actions. Which of the following thinkers' ideas would this researcher most align with?
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
Alfred Schutz
45s - Q6
Max Weber argued that social scientists must keep their personal values separate from their research process but can still choose topics influenced by their values. What did he call this approach?
Value bias
Value neutrality
Value relevance
Value freedom
45s - Q7
A sociologist chooses to research gender inequality because they are passionate about social justice, but ensures that their personal opinions do not influence the data collection or analysis. This is an example of:
Value neutrality and value relevance
Value freedom and value bias
Value neutrality and value freedom
Value relevance and value bias
45s - Q8
Which of the following is an argument in favor of sociology being considered a science?
It uses systematic, empirical methods to study social phenomena.
It solely depends on the personal experiences of individuals.
It only focuses on historical data and philosophical ideas.
It avoids making any generalizations about society.
45s - Q9
According to Thomas Kuhn, science does not progress linearly but through a series of "paradigm shifts." What is a paradigm shift in Kuhn’s theory?
The total rejection of scientific methods
A radical change in the fundamental framework within which scientists operate
A shift from empirical research to theoretical speculation
A gradual accumulation of scientific knowledge over time
45s - Q10
Harold Garfinkel's "breaching experiments" in ethnomethodology are designed to
Study large-scale social institutions like the economy or government
Confirm the existence of universal social laws.
Test individuals' understanding of scientific methods.
Disrupt social norms to reveal how people react and re-establish social order
45s - Q11
In sociological research, formulating a hypothesis involves:
Making an educated guess about the relationship between two variables.
Observing social phenomena without questioning them.
Providing definitive conclusions before data collection.
Collecting data before making any assumptions.
45s - Q12
A sociologist studying the effect of income level on educational attainment proposes the hypothesis: "Higher income leads to higher educational attainment." What is the next step in applying the scientific method?
Gathering data on income levels and educational attainment to test the hypothesis.
Ignoring the hypothesis and focusing on philosophical discussions.
Concluding that the hypothesis is true based on intuition.
Observing only a small, specific group without analyzing the data.
45s - Q13
Which of the following best describes the inductive approach in sociological research?
Observing specific patterns and then forming a broader theory based on the observations.
Developing a theory and then collecting data to test it.
Drawing conclusions without collecting any empirical data.
Testing a hypothesis before gathering any observations.
45s - Q14
Which of the following methodological techniques is most commonly associated with positivist research?
Surveys and experiments
Narrative analysis
In-depth interviews
Participant observation
45s - Q15
Which of the following sociologists is most closely associated with the development of structural functionalism?
C. Wright Mills
Émile Durkheim
Karl Marx
Max Weber
45s